Abstract: A design layout data creating method includes creating design layout data of a semiconductor device such that patterns formed on a wafer when patterns corresponding to the design layout data are formed on the wafer have a pattern coverage ratio within a predetermined range in a wafer surface and total peripheral length of the patterns formed on the wafer when the patterns corresponding to the design layout are formed on the wafer is pattern peripheral length within a predetermined range.

Abstract: There is provided the rubber composition for a clinch apex keeping hardness constant, suppressing prevulcanization, reducing rolling resistance, improving processability, suppressing generation of chafing between the clinch apex and a rim and hardly causing slipping of the clinch apex on the rim. The rubber composition for a clinch apex comprises 55 to 75 parts by weight of carbon black and 1 to 5 parts by weight of para-benzoquinolinediimine based on 100 parts by weight of a rubber component comprising 10 to 50% by weight of a natural rubber and/or an isoprene rubber and 50 to 90% by weight of a butadiene rubber having a Mooney viscosity at 100° C. of 30 to 55 in an unvulcanized state, and the pneumatic tire has the clinch apex using the rubber composition.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, which forms a pattern by performing pattern transformation steps multiple times, comprises setting finished pattern sizes for patterns to be formed in each consecutive two pattern transformation steps among the plurality of pattern transformation steps based on a possible total amount of in-plane size variation of the patterns to be formed in the consecutive two pattern transformation steps.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rubber composition for a sidewall excellent in appearance and weather resistance, and a tire having a sidewall prepared by using the rubber composition. The rubber composition for a sidewall of the present invention comprises 45 to 60 parts by weight of a carbon black, not more than 1.5 parts by weight of powder sulfur, not more than 0.75 part by weight of a sulfenamide vulcanization accelerator and 0.7 to 1.5 parts by weight of paraffin wax in which the distribution of the number of carbon atoms is 20 to 50, the ratio (iso content/normal content) of iso content to normal content is 5/95 to 20/80, the standard deviation/average number of carbon atoms of the iso content is 1.0 to 1.8 and the standard deviation/average number of carbon atoms of the normal content is 1.0 to 1.8, based on 100 parts by weight of a rubber component comprising a butadiene rubber in an amount of 35 to 55% by weight and a natural rubber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rubber composition for a sidewall excellent in appearance and weather resistance, and a tire having a sidewall prepared by using the rubber composition. The rubber composition for a sidewall of the present invention comprises 45 to 60 parts by weight of a carbon black, not more than 1.5 parts by weight of powder sulfur, not more than 0.75 part by weight of a sulfenamide vulcanization accelerator and 0.7 to 1.5 parts by weight of paraffin wax in which the distribution of the number of carbon atoms is 20 to 50, the ratio (iso content/normal content) of iso content to normal content is 5/95 to 20/80, the standard deviation/average number of carbon atoms of the iso content is 1.0 to 1.8 and the standard deviation/average number of carbon atoms of the normal content is 1.0 to 1.8, based on 100 parts by weight of a rubber component comprising a butadiene rubber in an amount of 35 to 55% by weight and a natural rubber.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire having at least one layer of carcass, an inner liner made of a rubber composition (a) comprising a rubber component (a′) consisting essentially of 60 to 95% parts by weight of a halogenated butyl rubber and 5 to 40% by weight of a regular butyl rubber, and a rubber layer located between the carcass and the inner liner, which made of a rubber composition (b) comprising a diene rubber, sulfur and a sulphenamide vulcanization accelerator; the amount of sulfur in the rubber composition (b) being represented by the equation (I):

Abstract: A composite material comprising a rubber composition and a metal material, wherein the rubber composition contains, per 100 parts by weight of rubber, a cobalt salt of an organic acid in an amount up to 0.5 parts by weight, 3 to 6 parts by weight of sulfur, and N-oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide or N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide as a vulcanization accelerator, and the metal material is provided with a plating of a ternary alloy consisting of copper, zinc, and nickel.

Abstract: A composite material comprising a rubber composition and a metal material, wherein the rubber composition contains, per 100 parts by weight of rubber, 0 part by weight of a metal salt of an organic acid, 3 to 6 parts by weight of sulfur, and N-oxy-diethylene-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide or N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide as a vulcanization accelerator, and the metal material is provided with a plating of a ternary alloy consisting of copper, zinc, and nickel.

Abstract: A composite material comprising a rubber composition and a metal material, wherein the rubber composition contains, per 100 parts by weight of rubber, 0 to 0.5 part by weight of a cobalt salt of an organic acid, 3 to 6 parts by weight of sulfur, and N-oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide or N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide as a vulcanization accelerator, and the metal material is provided with a plating of a ternary alloy consisting of copper, zinc, and nickel.

Abstract: A composite material made of metal and rubber for use in automotive tires, hoses, conveyor belts and the like. Its object is to increase its durability by improving the adhesion properties between the metal and the rubber. To accomplish this object, a metal provided with an improved plating layer is used in combination with a rubber having such a composition as to be suitable for use with the metal. More specifically, the composite material of metal and rubber contains as basic ingredients a metal plated with a copper-zinc-nickel ternary alloy and natural rubber or synthetic isoplene rubber containing sulfer and adhesion promotors such as cobalt salt of organic acid or silica, resorcin and hexamethylenetetramine. The rubber is vulcanized to be bonded to the metal.

Abstract: In a cooling arrangement for an internal combustion engine, adapted to control a circulating amount of cooling water between a water jacket of the engine and a radiator, it is so arranged that control gain is variable according to the state of operations of the engine in order to achieve a compatibility between the response in control and prevention of hunting phenomenon.