Abstract: A base station arranging apparatus has a memory 53, a controlling portion 54, and a database 55. The controlling portion 54 forms a virtual space for simulating an area in the memory 53, maps matrix points at which a mobile station and a base station can be arranged to the virtual space in a matrix shape, assigns shape data and building data in the area to the virtual space, generates line-of-sight information between any two matrix points in the virtual space, stores the line-of-sight information in a matrix table 40 of the database 55, calculates the difference between the total numbers of line-of-sight information of each matrix point in the column direction and row direction of the matrix table 40, and successively arranges base stations corresponding to the calculated results.

Abstract: An apparatus which can correctly measure and observe optical information obtained from an object by removing a boundary diffraction wave generated from an edge of a pupil of an image pickup lens or an objective lens is provided.An image pickup lens forms a spatial image of an object on a position provided with a microlens array. A plurality of microlenses are arranged in this microlens array, for pixel-separating the spatial image. Light components from the microlenses pass through corresponding microapertures respectively, to be incident upon corresponding photoreceptors respectively for forming images. The microlenses project images of a diaphragm (pupil) of the image pickup lens on the corresponding microapertures respectively.

Abstract: A method for the production of a cellulosic product, which comprises:culturing a cellulose-producing microorganism transformed with a gene for an enzyme involved in sucrose metabolism in a medium containing sucrose, allowing the cellulosic product to be produced and accumulated in the medium, and collecting the cellulosic product. By the present method, the cellulosic product can be produced efficiently and economically.

Abstract: A .pi./4 shifted DQPSK modulator includes a mapping/filtering circuit (6) equipped with a mapping function and filtering function. The mapping/filtering circuit (6) allows phase information which is obtained for each symbol to be shift-input to its shift register (61, 62, 63) and sequentially reads out filter-processed filter factor data corresponding to 256 samples initially stored in a factor memory circuit (7) and allows the filter factor data to be converted to numerical values based on position information corresponding to 10 symbols output in parallel manner from the shift register (61, 62, 63). According to this circuit (6), it is possible to obtain filtered mapping data MF. Therefore, the modulator has less number of gates of the filter and can be embodied with a very simplified compact circuit configuration.

Abstract: A telecentric imaging optical system has first and third lens systems each having a positive power, and a second lens system having a negative power. In the imaging optical system, the second lens system is disposed between the first and the third lens systems. The imaging optical system satisfies the following inequalities:f1/2.5<-f2<2.multidot.f1f3/2.5<-f2<2.multidot.f3where f1 is the focal length of the first lens system, f2 is that of the second lens system and f3 is that of the third lens system. A rear focal point of a composite lens system consisting of the first and the second lens systems substantially coincides with the front focal point of the third lens system. The telecentric imaging optical system has a large variable power ratio.

Abstract: An afocal optical system is formed by a paraboroid mirror and an optical element having a stereographic projection characteristics which is defined by the following equation:hi'=2.multidot.f.multidot.tan (.theta.i/2)where hi' is a height of a light beam, leaving the optical element, taken from the optical axis or a heigh of an image taken from the optical axis, f is a focal length of the optical element and .theta.i is an angle of incidence with respect to the optical element. The focal point of the optical element coincide with that of the first paraboroid mirror. Thus, a compact afocal optical system which satisfies hi'=m.multidot.hi is manufactured at low costs.

Abstract: An afocal optical system is formed by a paraboroid mirror and an optical element having a stereographic projection characteristics which is defined by the following equation:hi'=2.multidot.f.multidot.tan(.theta.i/2)where hi' is a height of a light beam, leaving the optical element, taken from the optical axis or a heigh of an image taken from the optical axis, f is a focal length of the optical element and .theta.i is an angle of incidence with respect to the optical element. The focal point of the optical element coincide with that of the first paraboroid mirror. Thus, a compact afocal optical system which satisfies hi'=m.multidot.hi is manufactured at low costs.

Abstract: Hybrids of onion and garlic or Chinese chive are obtained by culturing the ovule-embryo after fertilization of the male (e.g. garlic pollen) and female (e.g. onion egg cell) gametes. The hybrids have the useful characteristics of both species and can be propagated.

Abstract: A modulation circuit includes a mapping position detector as well as a circuit for differentially phase coding a plurality of separated data streams. The differentially phase coding circuit is adapted to differentially phase code the plurality of data streams for each pulse time and generate a coded signal containing amplitude information. The mapping position detector detects the phase mapping position of the coded signal based on the amplitude information in the coded signal which is output from the differentially phase coding circuit. Information representing the detected phase mapping position is supplied to the differentially phase coding circuit so as to achieve a differential phase coding at a pulse time following one pulse time.

Abstract: A field effect transistor of the present invention has in a base layer (33) a difference in levels constituted by an upper main surface (35a) a wall surface (35b) and a lower main surface (35c), the wall surface (35b) having a gate insulating film (39) and a gate electrode (41) in a sequential order at least in a direction extending from the upper main surface (35a) to the lower main surface (35c), the wall surface (35b) being provided, on both sides of the portions thereof corresponding to the gate insulating film (39) and gate electrode (41), with inpurity diffusion regions for forming of source and drain, respectively.Accordingly, the gate electrode (41) is provided in a manner that the gate width which needs to have a relatively large size is set in a direction vertical to the upper main surface of the base layer. This makes it possible to improve the degree of integration effectively.

Abstract: An objective lens system for use within a microscope includes a first to an eleventh lens which are disposed in that order from an object side to an image side with predetermined air spacings therebetween. The first lens in the form of a meniscus is made of quartz, and has a concave surface which is directed toward an object side. The second lens in the form of a meniscus is made of quartz, and has a convex surface which is directed toward the object side. Each of the third, fifth, sixth and eighth lenses is made of fluorite, and has a positive power. Each of the fourth, seventh and ninth lenses is made of quartz, and has a negative power. The tenth lens is made of either quartz or fluorite, and has a positive power. The eleventh lens in the form of a meniscus is made of quartz, and has a concave surface which is directed toward the image side. The system transmits ultraviolet and/or far ultraviolet light and corrects chromatic aberration.

Abstract: An objective lens system for use within a microscope includes a first to a fourth lenses which are spaced apart from an object side. The first lens is made of either quartz or fluorite, the second and the third lenses are made of quartz, while the fourth lens is made of fluorite. The system transmits ultraviolet and/or far ultraviolet light and correct chromatic aberration. The system is uncomplicated.

Abstract: An objective lens system for use within a microscope includes six lenses which are spaced apart from an object side. The first, the third and the fifth lenses are made of quartz, the fourth and the sixth lenses are made of fluorite, while the second lens is made of either quartz or fluorite. The system transmits ultraviolet and/or far ultraviolet light is simply constructed and corrects chromatic aberration.

Abstract: An objective lens system for a microscope. The objective lens system includes a first lens group which includes a lens in the form of meniscus made of quartz or fluorite having a positive power; and a second lens group including a biconcave lens made of quartz and a biconvex lens made of fluorite. The first lens group and the biconcave and biconvex lenses are successively spaced apart from the object side of the system. The system transmits ultraviolet and/or far ultraviolet rays and can correct chromatic aberration. The system is uncomplicated.

Abstract: A digital signal decoding circuit of this invention includes a detection circuit, a reference signal generation circuit, and a discrimination circuit. The detection circuit detects central values of an amplitude in each bit of interest of a received digital signal. The reference signal generation circuit generates a reference signal having a signal value according to the central value detected by the detection circuit. The discrimination circuit compares the signal value of the received digital signal with a signal value of the reference signal generated by the reference signal generation circuit, thereby outputting a decoded binary signal.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for obtaining spectral data and calculating corrected spectral data. The method includes the steps of: obtaining spectral data S'(.lambda.) which is representative of the spectral characteristics of light which is generated by a light source and reflected by an object; substantially concurrently with the step of obtaining the spectral data S'(.lambda.), obtaining spectral data R(.lambda.) which is representative of the spectral characteristics of light which is generated by the light source; and calculating corrected spectral data S(.lambda.) as a function of the spectral data S'(.lambda.) and the spectral data R(.lambda.).

Abstract: A telecentric image-forming optical system comprising a first lens group including a double-convex lens, a meniscus lens whose convex side faces an object or a plano-convex lens, and a double-concave lens arranged in this order; and a second lens group including a double-convex lens, a meniscus lens whose convex side faces an image or a plano-convex lens, and a double-concave lens arranged in this order, wherein the secondary focal point of the first lens group and the principal focal point of the second lens group substantially coincide with each other in the vicinity of a double-convex lens. The telecentric image-forming optical system is compact and forms an image which is large sized in relation to the compact length of the system.

Abstract: The image-forming magnification of a telecentric optical system, for use in an exposure apparatus such as a projecting apparatus, a laser plotter and the like is determined by the focal length ratio. An error in processing and arranging lenses necessitates adjustment of the image-forming magnification. According to the present invention, the magnification may be greatly varied. According to the present invention, a lens movable along the optical axis and having a positive focal length is placed at a position corresponding to the point at which the focal points of two lens groups coincide with each other. The image-forming magnification ratio can be varied by moving the lens while the distance between an object and an image is kept constant. Characteristic features of telecentric optical systems are maintained.