Abstract: A specific macromolecule crystal evaluating device according to the present invention is equipped with a sample detecting stage for detecting a protein crystal in a sample container, an X-ray measuring stage that is spaced from the sample detecting stage and carries out X-ray diffraction measurement of the protein crystal, a feeding unit for feeding the sample container from the sample detecting stage to the X-ray measuring stage, and a central processing unit for recognizing the position of the protein crystal on the basis of the information achieved in the sample detecting stage and controlling the feeding unit on the basis of the position information to position the protein crystal to a sample disposing portion of the X-ray measuring stage.

Abstract: In a specific macromolecule crystal detecting method according to the present invention, ultraviolet light is irradiated to sample solution, and a fluorescent image emitted from a sample in the sample solution is detected to detect specific macromolecules in the sample solution. Furthermore, by detecting the outline of the sample from the visible light image of the sample contained in the sample solution, the crystal is discriminated from other materials on the basis of the outline. By integrating the detection results of the fluorescent image and the visible light image, the specific macromolecule crystal is detected from the sample solution.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of unsaturated aldehydes is provided which is represented by the general formulaBi.sub.a W.sub.b Fe.sub.c Mo.sub.d A.sub.e B.sub.f C.sub.g D.sub.h O.sub.xwherein Bi represents bismuth, W represents tungsten, Fe represents iron, Mo represents molybdenum, O represents oxygen, A represents nickel and/or cobalt, B represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and thallium, C represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic, boron, antimony, tin, cerium, lead and niobium, D presents at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon, aluminum, zirconium and titanium, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h and x represent the atomic ratios of the individual elements, and when d is taken as 12, a=0.1-10.0, b=0.5-10.0 (provided that a/b=0.01-6.0), c=0.1-10.0, e=2.0-20.0, f=0.001-10.0, g=0-10.0, and h=0-30, and x takes a number determined by the atomic valences of the individual elements.

Abstract: A desulfurization process for hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, which comprises contacting an alkaline aqueous medium containing a naphthoquinone sulfonate, a water-soluble compound of at least one polyvalent metal selected from the group consisting of iron, manganese, vanadium and copper, and a water-soluble high molecular compound having weight-average molecular weight of from 300 to 50,000 with a hydrogen sulfide-containing gas thereby causing the hydrogen sulfide in said gas to be absorbed by said aqueous medium and subsequently contacting said aqueous medium now containing the absorbed hydrogen sulfide with a molecular oxygen-containing gas thereby separating elementary sulfur from said hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a catalytically active material composed of 1 to 20 parts by weight as V.sub.2 O.sub.5 of vanadium oxide, 99 to 80 parts by weight of anatase-type titanium oxide being porous and having a particle diameter substantially of 0.4 to 0.7 micron and a specific surface area of 10 to 60 m.sup.2 /g, and per 100 parts by weight of the sum of said two components, 0.01 to 1 part by weight as Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 of niobium oxide, 0.05 to 1.2 parts by weight as an oxide of at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of potassium, cesium, rubidium and thallium, and 0.2 to 1.2 parts by weight as P.sub.2 O.sub.5 of phosphorus, and a porous carrier having an alumina content of not more than 10% by weight, a silicon carbide content of at least 80% by weight and an apparent porosity of at least 10% supporting said catalytically active material thereon, wherein the total volume of pores having a diameter of 0.15 to 0.

Abstract: In a process for producing an acrylic or methacrylic ester by esterifying acrylic or methacrylic acid with a lower aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the presence of an acidic catalyst, the improvement which comprises(1) distilling the resulting esterification reaction mixture while feeding the acrylic or methacrylic ester into a distillation column from outside the system, thereby to yield as a distillate a mixture composed of the acrylic or methacrylic ester, water and the unreacted alcohol and being substantially free from acrylic or methacrylic acid, and (2) recycling the residue in the distillation column, from which the ester and water formed have been substantially removed, to the esterification reaction in such a proportion that the mole ratio of acrylic or methacrylic acid to the alcohol in the entire starting materials fed to the esterification reaction is kept at 1:0.5-1.0.

Abstract: A catalyst for the oxidation of propylene, said catalyst having the composition represented by the following formulaMo.sub.a W.sub.b Bi.sub.c Fe.sub.d A.sub.e B.sub.f C.sub.g D.sub.h O.sub.xwhereinA represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of nickel and cobalt,B represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and thallium,C represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic, boron and niobium,D represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon, aluminum and titanium,a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, and x respectively represent the atomic ratios of Mo, W, Bi, Fe, A, B, C, D, and O,a is from 2 to 12,b is from 0 to 10,the sum of a and b is 12,c is from 0.1 to 10.0,d is from 0.1 to 10.0,e is from 2 to 20,f is from 0.005 to 3.0,g is from 0 to 4,h is from 0.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of high-purity phthalic anhydride, which comprises exposing crude phthalic anhydride obtained by vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of ortho-xylene to contact with a gas containing molecular oxygen at an elevated temperature in the presence of an alkali metal salt of at least one carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of maleic acid, succinic acid and benzoic acid, and optionally a manganese-containing alloy, and subsequently subjecting the resultant reaction mixture to distillation.

Abstract: A method for the disposal of waste gas, which method comprises (a) heating the incoming waste gas containing hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and other inflammable organic compounds with the gas obtained by removing heat from the outlet gas of the catalytic-oxidation reactor, (b) further heating the resultant hot waste gas with part of the outlet gas of the catalytic-oxidation reactor, (c) subjecting the heated waste gas to complete oxidation in the catalytic-oxidation reactor thereby rendering the waste gas no longer noxious, (d) diverting part of the outlet gas of the catalytic-oxidation reactor to be used for heating the aforementioned heated waste gas, (e) causing at least part of the outlet gas of the reactor which has been used for heating the waste gas to mingle with the remainder of the outlet gas of the reactor, (f) causing the remainder of the outlet gas of the reactor which has been used for heating the waste gas to mingle with the aforementioned heated waste gas, and (g) subjecting to heat recovery

Abstract: In a process for producing acrylic acid which comprises contacting with water an acrylic acid-containing reaction product gas which has been obtained by the catalytic vapor phase oxidation of an olefinic compound of a general formula, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHX, wherein X represents at least one group selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.

Abstract: A process for producing phthalic anhydride, which comprises packing a catalyst into a multitube fixed bed converter, said catalyst comprising a catalytically active material composed of 1 to 20 parts by weight as V.sub.2 O.sub.5 of vanadium oxide, 99 to 80 parts by weight of anatase-type titanium oxide being porous and having a particle diameter substantially of 0.4 to 0.7 micron and a specific surface area of 10 to 60 m.sup.2 /g, and per 100 parts by weight of the sum of said two components, 0.01 to 1 part by weight as Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 of niobium oxide, 0.05 to 1.2 parts by weight as an oxide of at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of potassium, cesium, rubidium and thallium, and 0.2 to 1.2 parts by weight as P.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: A catalytic vapor phase oxidation reactor which comprises a fixed-bed shell and tube heat exchange apparatus in which a bundle of a multiplicity of tubes filled with at least one type of oxidizing catalyst are disposed in a shell and these tubes are passed through the apertures formed in at least one perforated shield plate to partition the inside of the shell into at least two heat transfer medium feed zones and in such a manner that each of the tubes passing through the perforated shield plate is not in direct contaction with the shield plate but the outer surface of the tube and the inner surface of the aperture are spaced apart by a distance of between 0.2-5 mm, supplying feed gas to the tubes of the reactor, and conducting exothermic catalytic vapor phase oxidation while controlling the temperatures for the heat transfer medium in each of the zones so that the temperature difference between each of the zones can be maintained between 0.degree.-100.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for catalytic vapor phase oxidation which comprises using a fixed-bed shell and tube heat exchange type reactor in which a bundle of a multiplicity of tubes filled with at least one type of oxidizing catalyst are disposed in a shell and these tubes are passed through the apertures formed in at least one perforated shield plate to partition the inside of the shell into at least two heat transfer medium feed zones and in such a manner that each of the tubes passing through the perforated shield plate is not in direct contaction with the shield plate but the outer surface of the tube and the inner surface of the aperture are spaced apart by a distance of between 0.2-5 mm, supplying feed gas to the tubes of the reactor, and conducting exothermic catalytic vapor phase oxidation while controlling the temperatures for the heat transfer medium in each of the zones so that the temperature difference between each of the zones can be maintained between 0.degree.-100.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for producing acrylic acid from propylene through acrolein as an intermediate by catalytic vapor phase oxidation, which comprises passing a starting reactant gas mixture containing propylene, a molecular oxygen-containing gas and steam through a first-stage reactor packed with a molybdenum-containing multi-component catalyst, passing the resulting acrolein-containing gas through a second-stage reactor packed with a multi-component catalyst containing vanadium and molybdenum, introducing the resulting acrylic acid-containing gas to an acrylic acid collector thereby to recover acrylic acid in the form of an aqueous solution, and incorporating a part of the exhaust gas from the collector in the starting reactant gas mixture.

Abstract: A catalyst for the preparation of maleic anhydride by vapor phase catalytic oxidation of benzene with a molecular oxygen containing gas comprising a porous inert support of an alkali metal content, calculated as oxide, of at most 0.3% by weight and supported thereon a catalytic substance of a constituent composition comprising (a) 1 mole of vanadium pentoxide, (b) 0.3 to 1.2 moles of molybdenum trioxide, (c) 0.005 to 0.05 moles of phosphorus pentoxide, (d) 0.03 to 0.2 moles of sodium oxide and (d) 0 to 0.05 moles of potassium oxide.

Abstract: A catalyst for the preparation of maleic anhydride by vapor phase catalytic oxidation of benzene with a molecular oxygen containing gas comprising a porous inert support of an alkali metal content, calculated as oxide, of at most 0.3 % by weight and supported thereon a catalytic substance of a constituent composition comprising (a) 1 mole of vanadium pentoxide, (b) 0.3 to 1.2 moles of molybdenum trioxide, (c) 0.005 to 0.05 moles of phosphorus pentoxide, (d) 0.03 to 0.2 moles of sodium oxide and (d) 0 to 0.05 moles of potassium oxide.