Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a dissimilar metal-doped cerium oxide including cerium oxide and a dissimilar metal other than the cerium oxide, in which a relationship of the following formula (1) is satisfied: 0.8?|(D90)?(D10)|/D50?2.0??(1) (in the formula (1), D10, D50, and D90 respectively represent the following: D10: particle diameter at which cumulative volume fraction is 10% D50: particle diameter at which cumulative volume fraction is 50% D90: particle diameter at which cumulative volume fraction is 90%).

Abstract: A motor unit for use in an electric bicycle includes a motor, a switching element, a board, and a case. The switching element has the motor driven. The board has a principal surface and a reverse surface. The principal surface includes a mounting surface to mount the switching element thereon. The reverse surface faces opposite from the principal surface. The case houses the board therein. The board further has a through hole provided to penetrate through the board from the mounting surface through the reverse surface and a sheet of metal foil covering an inner peripheral surface of the through hole at least partially. The switching element is thermally connected to the sheet of metal foil. A part, located opposite from the switching element with respect to the board, of the case is thermally connected to the sheet of metal foil.

Abstract: A motor unit, which is an example of an embodiment, includes a motor including a motor shaft, a rotor fixed to the motor shaft, and a stator, and a control board, the control board being disposed with at least a part of the control board overlapping the motor when viewed in a motor axial direction. A sensor that detects a magnetic field of the motor shaft, the rotor, or a rotating body rotating together with the motor shaft, and a control element that controls the motor using detection information of the sensor, are mounted on the control board. The control board includes a signal line that connects the sensor and the control element. The signal line includes an arcuate wiring section bent to be convex in a radial direction outer side of a circle centering on a shaft core of the motor shaft.

Abstract: A power transmission unit is used for generating auxiliary driving force for an electric bicycle, and includes a motor, an input structure, a speed reducer, a case, a bearing, and a bearing support portion. The motor includes a motor shaft. The input structure includes an input shaft and configured to rotate along with the input shaft, the input shaft being caused to rotate by external force transmitted thereto. Thea speed reducer mechanism is configured to transmit a rotational power of the motor shaft while reducing a rotational speed. The case houses the motor, the input structure, and the speed reducer mechanism. The case includes a first divided part and a second divided part. The bearing is located inside the case. The bearing supporting portion, to which the bearing is attached, supports the speed reducer mechanism. The bearing supporting portion is attached to the first divided part.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing at least one of an unsaturated aldehyde and an unsaturated carboxylic acid from an alkene by an oxidation reaction, in which a n-layered catalyst layer (n?2) is provided in a gas flow direction in a reaction tube, two or more kinds of catalysts having different activities are used; and the catalysts are packed in such a manner that dT?20° C. is satisfied, when a difference between a temperature PTn of an exothermic peak in a n-th layer as counted from a gas inlet and a minimum value mTn?1 of a temperature of a catalyst layer which appears between an exothermic peak in a (n-1)th layer and an exothermic peak in a n-th layer from the gas inlet is represented as dT (=PTn?mTn?1), and the change rate of dT is 2.5 or less at a reaction bath temperature within a range of ±6° C. of a reaction bath temperature at which the highest yield is obtained.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell with an anode supply port and an anode discharge port; an anode supply pipe connected to the anode supply port; a fuel gas supplier provided in the anode supply pipe; an anode circulation pipe connecting the anode discharge port and the anode supply pipe at a position between the fuel gas supplier and the anode supply port to each other; a pressure sensor that detects an internal pressure in the anode supply pipe at the position between the fuel gas supplier and the anode supply port; a circulation pump provided in the anode circulation pipe; and a controller that controls the circulation pump. In at least one of a condition where an internal pressure in the anode supply pipe acquired from the pressure sensor meets a value equal to or greater than a first pressure value and a condition where a variation of the internal.

Abstract: A power transmission unit for electric bicycles includes an input structure, an output structure, a torque detection unit, a detection target, and a detection unit. The input structure includes an input shaft. The input shaft is caused to rotate by external force transmitted thereto. The input structure rotates along with the input shaft. The output structure outputs rotational power by rotating along with the input structure. The torque detection unit is provided on an outer periphery of the input structure. The detection target rotates either along with, or while interlocking with, the input structure. The detection unit detects a rotational state of the detection target. At least part of the torque detection unit and at least part of the detection target overlap with each other when viewed perpendicularly to a rotational axis of the input structure.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing at least one of an unsaturated aldehyde and an unsaturated carboxylic acid from an alkene by an oxidation reaction, in which a n-layered catalyst layer (n?2) is provided in a gas flow direction in a reaction tube, two or more kinds of catalysts having different activities are used; and the catalysts are packed in such a manner that dT?20° C. is satisfied, when a difference between a temperature PTn of an exothermic peak in a n-th layer as counted from a gas inlet and a minimum value mTn-1 of a temperature of a catalyst layer which appears between an exothermic peak in a (n?1)th layer and an exothermic peak in a n-th layer from the gas inlet is represented as dT (=PTn?mTn-1), and the change rate of dT is 2.5 or less at a reaction bath temperature within a range of ±6° C. of a reaction bath temperature at which the highest yield is obtained.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to satisfactorily remove solid materials derived from reducing agent and depositing on a wall of an exhaust passage in an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine equipped with a selective reduction catalyst provided in the exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine and a reducing agent supply apparatus that supplies reducing agent derived from ammonia into the exhaust passage upstream of the selective reduction catalyst. To achieve the object, according to the invention, a fuel supply apparatus that supplies fuel into the exhaust passage upstream of the reducing agent supply apparatus and an ignition apparatus that ignites fuel supplied by the fuel supply apparatus to generate flame are provided. Solid materials derived from the reducing agent are removed by the flame generated by the fuel supply apparatus and the ignition apparatus.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine which is provided with a selective reduction type catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine, a reducing agent supply device for supplying an ammonia derived reducing agent to a portion of the exhaust passage at the upstream side of the selective reduction type catalyst, and a mixing device disposed in a portion of the exhaust passage at the upstream side of the selective reduction type catalyst and at the downstream side of the reducing agent supply device, the present invention has a problem to remove solid matter derived from the reducing agent, which is adhered to or deposited on the mixing device, in a suitable manner. In order to solve this problem, the present invention has a temperature raising device disposed in a portion of the exhaust passage upstream of said mixing device so as to blow a flame to said mixing device.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to suppress degradation of a PM sensor and a decrease in detection accuracy of the amount of PM in a configuration in which a urea addition unit and a selective reduction-type NOx catalyst (NOx catalyst) are provided downstream of a particulate filter (filter) in an internal combustion engine exhaust passage, the PM sensor being disposed downstream of the filter. According to the present invention, in an exhaust passage (2) of an internal combustion engine (1), a first NOx catalyst (4) and a second NOx catalyst (5) are disposed downstream of a filter (3) successively from the upstream side along the flow of exhaust. A urea addition unit (6) is disposed between the filter (3) and the first NOx catalyst (4). A PM sensor (7) is disposed between the first NOx catalyst (4) and the second NOx catalyst (5).

Abstract: A resist underlayer film-forming composition includes a polymer having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 0 to 180° C. The resist underlayer film-forming composition is used for a multilayer resist process. The multilayer resist process includes forming a silicon-based oxide film on a surface of a resist underlayer film, and subjecting the silicon-based oxide film to wet etching.

Abstract: A composition for forming a resist underlayer film includes a polymer having a repeating unit represented by a following formula (1), and a solvent. R1 represents a hydroxy group, or the like. n is an integer of 0 to 5. X represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkanediyloxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. m is an integer of 1 to 7. A sum of m and n is no greater than 7. R2 represents a single bond or an alkanediyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. R3 represents an alicyclic group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms. A part or all of hydrogen atoms included in the alicyclic group or the aryl group represented by R3 are unsubstituted or substituted.

Abstract: A pattern-forming method includes forming a resist underlayer film on a substrate using a resist underlayer film-forming composition. The resist underlayer film-forming composition includes a base component, and a crosslinking agent. A content of hydrogen atom in the resist underlayer film is from 0 to 50 atom %. The crosslinking agent has a partial structure represented by a following general formula (i). X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or —NR—. R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms. n1 is an integer from 1 to 6. R1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A resist underlayer film-forming composition includes a polymer including a structural unit shown by a formula (1), and having a polystyrene-reduced weight average molecular weight of from 3000 to 10000, and a solvent. Each of R3 to R8 independently represents a group shown by a formula (2), a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or a glycidyl ether group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein at least one of R3 to R8 represents the group shown by the formula (2).

Abstract: A resist underlayer film-forming composition includes a polymer including a repeating unit shown by a formula (1), and having a polystyrene-reduced weight average molecular weight of 3000 to 10,000, and a solvent. Each of R3 to R8 individually represent a group shown by the following formula (2) or the like. R1 represents a single bond or the like. R2 represents a hydrogen atom or the like.

Abstract: A pattern-forming method includes forming a resist underlayer film on a substrate using a resist underlayer film-forming composition. The resist underlayer film-forming composition includes a base component, and a crosslinking agent. A content of hydrogen atom in the resist underlayer film is from 0 to 50 atom %. The crosslinking agent has a partial structure represented by a following general formula (i). X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or —NR—. R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms. n1 is an integer from 1 to 6. R1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A pattern-forming method includes forming a resist underlayer film on a substrate using a resist underlayer film-forming composition. The resist underlayer film-forming composition includes a base component, and a crosslinking agent. The crosslinking agent has a partial structure represented by a following general formula (i). X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or —NR—. R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms. n1 is an integer from 1 to 6. R1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to suppress degradation of a PM sensor and a decrease in detection accuracy of the amount of PM in a configuration in which a urea addition unit and a selective reduction-type NOx catalyst (NOx catalyst) are provided downstream of a particulate filter (filter) in an internal corn engine exhaust passage, the PM sensor being disposed downstream of the filter. According to the present invention, in an exhaust passage (2) of an internal combustion engine (1), a first NOx catalyst (4) and a second NOx catalyst (5) are disposed downstream of a fitter (3) successively from the upstream side along the flow of exhaust. A urea addition unit (6) is disposed between the filter (3) and the first NOx catalyst (4). A PM sensor (7) is disposed between the first NOx catalyst (4) and the second NOx catalyst (5).

Abstract: A composition for forming a resist underlayer film includes a polymer having a repeating unit represented by a following formula (1), and a solvent. R1 represents a hydroxy group, or the like. n is an integer of 0 to 5. X represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkanediyloxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. m is an integer of 1 to 7. A sum of m and n is no greater than 7. R2 represents a single bond or an alkanediyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. R3 represents an alicyclic group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms or an arylene group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms. A part or all of hydrogen atoms included in the alicyclic group or the arylene group represented by R3 are unsubstituted or substituted.