Abstract: A two-wire type current output sensor includes two external connection terminals to one of which a power supply flows from an outside and from the other one of which the power supply flows to the outside, a detecting element capable of outputting a detection signal, a signal processing circuit for changing a current supplied to a power supply side of the signal processing circuit based on the detection signal of the detecting element and outputting the changed current, and a connection switching circuit for switching a connection between the two external connection terminals and the signal processing circuit such that one of the external connection terminals at a higher voltage is connected to the power supply side of the signal processing circuit while the other one of the external connection terminals at a lower voltage is connected to an output side of the signal processing circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous solution of a chromium salt, in which the oxalic acid content is 8% by weight or less relative to chromium. In the aqueous solution of the chromium salt, the total organic carbon content is 4% by weight or less relative to chromium. The chromium salt is preferably a chromium chloride, a chromium phosphate, or a chromium nitrate. The chromium chloride preferably contains a basic chromium chloride represented by the composition formula Cr(OH)xCly (wherein 0<x?2, 1?y<3, and x+y=3). The chromium phosphate is preferably one represented by the composition formula Cr(H3?3/nPO4)n (wherein n is a number satisfying 2?n?3). The chromium nitrate is preferably a basic chromium nitrate represented by the composition formula Cr(OH)x(NO3)y (wherein 0<x?2, 1?y<3, and x+y=3).

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a cassette placing table; a first transfer mechanism having a first substrate holding hand capable of advancing/retreating and using this first substrate holding hand to transfer a substrate with respect to the cassette; a substrate processing unit for executing a predetermined process on a substrate; a second transfer mechanism having a second substrate holding hand capable of advancing/retreating and pivotable at a vertical axis, and using the second substrate holding hand to transfer a substrate with respect to the first transfer mechanism and the substrate processing unit; a moving mechanism for moving the first transfer mechanism in an arrangement direction of the cassettes; and a control unit for controlling transfer of a substrate between the first transfer mechanism and the second transfer mechanism in a position where the first transfer mechanism is opposed to a cassette.

Abstract: A substrate treatment method for treating a substrate by supplying a treatment liquid to the substrate while rotating the substrate. The method comprises the steps of: performing a first substrate rotation process for rotating the substrate while clamping the substrate by a first clamping member set; performing a second substrate rotation process after the first substrate rotation step for rotating the substrate while clamping the substrate by the first clamping member set and a second clamping member set provided separately from the first clamping member set; and performing a third substrate rotation process after the second substrate rotation step by unclamping the substrate from the first clamping member set for rotating the substrate while clamping the substrate by the second clamping member set.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rotation detecting sensor suitable for use under a vibration-abundant condition as e.g. a sensor disposed in an automobile body for detecting rotation of an engine or ABS. The sensor includes a detecting element for detecting rotation of a rotary body as a change in a magnetic flux and outputting a signal and an integrated circuit for processing the amplified signal into a pulse corresponding to the detected rotation of the rotary body. The signal processing includes an initialization such as a gain adjustment for obtaining an appropriate gain for use in the subsequent process of conversion of the amplified signal to the pulse. According to this invention, a re-initialization is effected to obtain a new initial value such as a new gain if the previously effected initialization is determined inappropriate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rotation detecting sensor suitable for use under a vibration-abundant condition as e.g. a sensor disposed in an automobile body for detecting rotation of an engine or ABS. The sensor includes a detecting element for detecting rotation of a rotary body as a change in a magnetic flux and outputting a signal and an integrated circuit for processing the amplified signal into a pulse corresponding to the detected rotation of the rotary body. The signal processing includes an initialization such as a gain adjustment for obtaining an appropriate gain for use in the subsequent process of conversion of the amplified signal to the pulse. According to this invention, a re-initialization is effected to obtain a new initial value such as a new gain if the previously effected initialization is determined inappropriate.

Abstract: A two-wire type current output sensor includes two external connection terminals to one of which a power supply flows from an outside and from the other one of which the power supply flows to the outside, a detecting element capable of outputting a detection signal, a signal processing circuit for changing a current supplied to a power supply side of the signal processing circuit based on the detection signal of the detecting element and outputting the changed current, and a connection switching circuit for switching a connection between the two external connection terminals and the signal processing circuit such that one of the external connection terminals at a higher voltage is connected to the power supply side of the signal processing circuit while the other one of the external connection terminals at a lower voltage is connected to an output side of the signal processing circuit.

Abstract: A substrate treatment method for treating a substrate by supplying a treatment liquid to the substrate while rotating the substrate. The method comprises the steps of: performing a first substrate rotation process for rotating the substrate while clamping the substrate by a first clamping member set; performing a second substrate rotation process after the first substrate rotation step for rotating the substrate while clamping the substrate by the first clamping member set and a second clamping member set provided separately from the first clamping member set; and performing a third substrate rotation process after the second substrate rotation step by unclamping the substrate from the first clamping member set for rotating the substrate while clamping the substrate by the second clamping member set.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing magenta toner includes at least quinacridone pigment, naphthol pigment, and a release agent. Colorant of the toner satisfies conditions (a) and (b): (a) an average primary particle size D50 of a quinacridone pigment represented by formula (1) and an average primary particle size D50 of a naphthol pigment represented by formula (2) are such that the average primary particle size D50 of the quinacridone pigment is smaller than the average primary particle size D50 of the naphthol pigment; and (b) the average primary particle size D50 of the quinacridone pigment is greater than 20 nm, and the average primary particle size D50 of the naphthol pigment is smaller than 200 nm. Formula (1): Here, each of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, CH3, and Cl, R1 and R2 are different from each other, and R3 and R4 are different from each other.

Abstract: A rotation-detecting apparatus includes a rotation-detecting means for detecting a rotation of a rotor, a rotational speed-detecting means (3) for detecting a rotational speed of the rotor and a transfer signal-generating means for generating a digitized transfer signal on the basis of items of transferred information. Either a pulsed first output waveform synchronized with rotation of the rotor, or a pseudo output waveform having a period independent of the period of the rotation of the rotor and having a first property that is different from that of the first output waveform, is selected on the basis of the rotational speed of the rotor. A second property of the output waveform selected is changed on the basis of the transfer signal. The output waveform of which the second property has been changed on the basis of the transfer signal is emitted.

Abstract: A substrate treatment method for treating a substrate by supplying a treatment liquid to the substrate while rotating the substrate. The method comprises the steps of: performing a first substrate rotation process for rotating the substrate while clamping the substrate by a first clamping member set; performing a second substrate rotation process after the first substrate rotation step for rotating the substrate while clamping the substrate by the first clamping member set and a second clamping member set provided separately from the first clamping member set; and performing a third substrate rotation process after the second substrate rotation step by unclamping the substrate from the first clamping member set for rotating the substrate while clamping the substrate by the second clamping member set.

Abstract: A rotation detecting device for detecting a rotation number and a rotation direction of a rotating member based on at least two detection signals having different phases from each other and output from at least two sensor elements provided on the rotating member so as to face each other includes a waveform processing means for performing a waveform processing on the detection signals based on one of a plurality of predetermined conversion rules, a setting signal receiving means for receiving a setting signal for determining the predetermined conversion rule to be used from the plurality of predetermined conversion rules, and a conversion rule setting means for determining the predetermined conversion rule to be used based on the setting signal received by the setting signal receiving means.

Abstract: A substrate treatment method for treating a substrate by supplying a treatment liquid to the substrate while rotating the substrate. The method comprises the steps of: performing a first substrate rotation process for rotating the substrate while clamping the substrate by a first clamping member set; performing a second substrate rotation process after the first substrate rotation step for rotating the substrate while clamping the substrate by the first clamping member set and a second clamping member set provided separately from the first clamping member set; and performing a third substrate rotation process after the second substrate rotation step by unclamping the substrate from the first clamping member set for rotating the substrate while clamping the substrate by the second clamping member set.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus that removes an unwanted material on a surface of a peripheral portion of a substrate through etching by supplying etching liquid to the surface of the peripheral portion. The apparatus includes an etching liquid supplying mechanism that supplies the etching liquid to the peripheral portion of the substrate, and an annular member that has an inner periphery on or inside an outer periphery of the substrate and thereby defines a processing width to be processed by the etching liquid on the surface of the peripheral portion of the substrate. The annular member may be placed in close proximity to the surface of the peripheral portion of the substrate while securing a certain gap such that allows the annular member to come in contact with a liquid film of the etching liquid formed on the surface of the peripheral portion.

Abstract: A starting shift control system for a continuously variable transmission is provided which includes a control unit having a high start judgment device for judging whether or not a high start in a high speed side gear ratio is caused on the basis of a comparison between the generated number of the input rotation pulses and the generated number of the output rotation pulses from the time a first vehicle starting operation is performed after start of a prime mover, and a high start control device for restricting downshifting from the high speed side gear ratio to a target gear ratio when a start of the vehicle is judged to be the high start. A starting shift control method is also provided.

Abstract: A starting shift control system for a continuously variable transmission is provided which includes a control unit having a high start judgement device for judging whether or not a high start in a high speed side gear ratio is caused on the basis of a comparison between the generated number of the input rotation pulses and the generated number of the output rotation pulses from the time a first vehicle starting operation is performed after start of a prime mover, and a high start control device for restricting downshifting from the high speed side gear ratio to a target gear ratio when a start of the vehicle is judged to be the high start. A starting shift control method is also provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an ink cartridge for use in an ink jet recorder including positioning a container body having a bottom wall and an opening on a pallet such that the bottom wall faces upward, the container body including a porous member, a foam chamber for accommodating the porous member therein, and an ink supply port, having an inlet formed in the bottom surface of the foam chamber and an outlet; inserting packing into the ink supply port; sealing the ink supply port outlet; resetting the container body on the pallet by turning the container body upside down such that the opening faces upward; affixing a filter to the ink supply port inlet; inserting the porous member into the foam chamber; bonding a cover to the opening of the container body; injecting ink into the foam chamber; and sealing the cover.

Abstract: A club with a conference room function and a remote installation system (RIS) function is displayed on a terminal of a user through a network. A plurality of clubs are hierarchically structured. A user uploads a software program that he has created to one of the clubs so as to publish the software program for which a fee may be or may not be charged. A supervisor of a club links to a software program being uploaded to another club or moves the authority of the club to another club. Another user can download a desired software program from any club. A supervisor of each club can flexibly manage software programs registered in the club.

Abstract: An identifier managing device is used in a software distribution system in which software programs are distributed to distribution terminals from a distribution center through a network, for managing information including identifiers of the distribution terminals. A host computer in the distribution center sells the software programs corresponding to the request from users at the distribution terminals, each of which is assigned a terminal identifier and a terminal password. Each of the users is assigned a user identifier and a user password. A distribution identifier is written in the software programs before the software programs are sold, and the host computer manages the history of the distribution of the software using these identifiers and the passwords. The terminal password is rewritten whenever the terminal accesses the host computer for preventing illegal duplications of the software programs at the users end.

Abstract: An induction system for an internal combustion engine having at least one intake passage that is configured to generate a tumble and swirl to the intake charge. This is accomplished by providing a masked section adjacent the valve seat so that the flow entering the combustion chamber is directed across the combustion chamber to generate the tumble action. There is also provided a secondary intake passage that delivers a charge to the combustion chamber in a substantially unrestricted fashion so as to permit high power outputs. The secondary intake passage has the flow through it controlled by a throttle valve that is closed under low and mid-range running conditions.