Abstract: A power supply apparatus includes a power supply for supplying power to a laser oscillator. A reactor has one end serially connected to the laser oscillator and another end serially connected to the power supply, and a parallel diode configures a closed circuit for serial connection of the laser oscillator and the reactor. A current detector detects a current flowing in the reactor, and a first switching device is connected in parallel to the laser oscillator and drives the laser oscillator with pulses. An energy consumption circuit prefetches a current command value based on a control signal from a controller upon driving the laser oscillator with pulses, and when the current command value is smaller than a current command value of a previous pulse, the energy consumption circuit consumes energy until the current command value reaches a predetermined target current value.

Abstract: Four genes, A622, NBB1, PMT, and QPT, can be influenced for increasing nicotinic alkaloid levels in Nicotiana plants, as well as for synthesizing nicotinic alkaloids in non-nicotine producing plants and cells. In particular, overexpressing one or more of A622, NBB1, PMT, and QPT may be used to increase nicotine and nicotinic alkaloid levels in tobacco plants. Non-nicotine producing cells can be engineered to produce nicotine and related compounds by overexpressing A622 and NBB1.

Abstract: An encoder which encodes image information includes memory and circuitry accessible to the memory. The circuitry binarizes a data value indicating the number of non-zero coefficients included in a current basic block which is one of one or more basic blocks in a frequency transform block, according to a conversion table, to encode the image information which includes the data value. When binarizing the data value, the circuitry selects the conversion table from a plurality of tables including two or more tables which differ from each other in difference between a longest bit length and a shortest bit length of a plurality of binary values associated with a plurality of data values, according to the position of the current basic block in the current frequency transform block which is the frequency transform block including the current basic block, and binarizes the data value according to the conversion table selected.

Abstract: An encoder which encodes image information includes memory and circuitry accessible to the memory. The circuitry accessible to the memory: encodes position information indicating the position of a specific basic block which is a basic block including a non-zero coefficient first in a predetermined scan order defined in a descending order of frequencies of one or more basic blocks included in a frequency transform block composed of a plurality of frequency transform coefficients; and encodes only block information indicating a plurality of frequency transform coefficients of each of the specific basic block and a following basic block in the predetermined scan order.

Abstract: An encoder includes memory and circuitry accessible to the memory. The circuitry accessible to the memory: switches whether or not to apply arithmetic encoding to a binary data string in which image information has been binarized; binarizes frequency transform coefficient information according to different binarization formats between when arithmetic encoding is applied to the binary data string and when arithmetic encoding is not applied to the binary data string; and binarizes a part or the entirety of prediction parameter information according to a binarization format which is common between when arithmetic encoding is applied to the binary data string and when arithmetic encoding is not applied to the binary data string.

Abstract: An encoder which encodes image information includes memory and circuitry accessible to the memory. The circuitry binarizes a data value indicating the number of non-zero coefficients included in a current basic block which is one of basic blocks in a frequency transform block composed of a plurality of frequency transform coefficients, according to a conversion table in which data values and binary values are associated with each other, to encode the image information which includes the data value. When binarizing the data value, the circuitry (160) selects the conversion table from tables including a first table which includes association with a data value indicating 0 as the number of non-zero coefficients and a second table which does not include association with a data value indicating 0 as the number of non-zero coefficients, and binarizes the data value according to the conversion table selected.

Abstract: A controller controls cutting of simultaneously cutting wafers by performing electrical discharge machining while moving a workpiece relative to cutting wire sections in a direction at right angles to the cutting wire sections in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of main guide rollers and leaving a connection at which a part of each wafer that has been incompletely cut is still connected to the workpiece, and shape correction of causing the cutting wire sections to perform scanning while performing electrical discharge machining along a path of the cutting wire sections in a cutting direction at the time of the cutting to simultaneously correct the shape of a plurality of cut surfaces that are cut at the time of the cutting.

Abstract: An ozone generator and an internal combustion engine with the ozone generator that can raise ozone additive rate of whole intake air, while suppressing pressure loss in the intake pipe from increasing. The internal combustion engine with an ozone generator includes a tubular intake pipe, through an inner region of which air flows, an ozone generator having an electrode plate that makes ozone and is disposed in the inner region or in the intake pipe, and a limiter that limits the flow of air in the inner region of the intake pipe; the electrode plate has a planar dielectric and high-voltage-side and low-voltage-side electrodes adhered and fixed to the dielectric and is formed in a shape of a plate extending in a direction in which air flows.

Abstract: Four genes, A622, NBB1, PMT, and QPT, can be influenced for increasing nicotinic alkaloid levels in Nicotiana plants, as well as for synthesizing nicotinic alkaloids in non-nicotine producing plants and cells. In particular, overexpressing one or more of A622, NBB1, PMT, and QPT may be used to increase nicotine and nicotinic alkaloid levels in tobacco plants. Non-nicotine producing cells can be engineered to produce nicotine and related compounds by overexpressing A622 and NBB1.

Abstract: MPO1 and MPO2 can be regulated for either decreasing or increasing alkaloid levels in plants, in particular in Nicotiana plants. In particular, suppressing or overexpressing one or more of MPO1 and MPO2 may be used to decrease or increase nicotine and nicotinic alkaloid levels in tobacco plants. Suppression or overexpression of one or more of MPO1 and MPO2 may be used in combination with modification of expression of other genes encoding enzymes on the nicotinic alkaloid biosynthetic pathway such as A622, NBB1, PMT, and QPT.

Abstract: A change amount per unit time of an engine output command for controlling engine output of an internal combustion engine is calculated as an engine output increasing rate, and a power supply device is controlled so that power corresponding to the calculated engine output increasing rate is supplied to a combustion promoter generation device. The combustion promoter generation device generates a combustion promoter through the power supplied from the power supply device to supply the combustion promoter to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, and a generation amount of the combustion promoter increases as the supplied power increases. In this manner, the generation amount of the combustion promoter is adjusted.

Abstract: To perform highly accurate cutting according to stable power feed from a machining power supply, a wire electric discharge machining apparatus includes a wire wound over main guide rollers a plurality of times to simultaneously perform a plurality of kinds of cutting. Wire laying work for a plurality of the wires on power feed elements is reduced, uniform power is fed to cutting wire sections, stable machining is intended, and according to alignment positions, for each of units, a plurality of the power feed elements are aligned to correspond to a wire parallel arrangement interval of the cutting wire sections set as power feed targets and are disposed to feed power to the cutting wire sections with an interval of at least every other cutting wire section.

Abstract: The image encoding apparatus which encodes, on a per block basis, a current picture included in a moving picture includes: an encoder which outputs a first encoded stream including, in the following arrangement order, (i) slice data obtained by encoding a slice included in the current picture and including a plurality of block lines and (ii) a slice header including information indicating a code amount of each of the plurality of block lines; and an exchanger which exchanges arrangement positions of the slice data and the slice header in the first encoded stream.

Abstract: Two genes, A622 and NBB1, can be influenced to achieve a decrease of nicotinic alkaloid levels in plants. In particular, suppression of one or both of A622 and NBB1 may be used to decrease nicotine in tobacco plants.

Abstract: A differential electrical protection device D including N-1 phase conductors, each phase conductor including, between an input, or upper, connection land and an output, or lower, connection land, a portion able to pass through a torus and a portion able to pass through a current measurement and supply sensor, the input connection lands being situated in a first plane P1, and the output connection lands extending in a second plane P2, in that the supply and measurement sensors of the N?1 phase conductors are each positioned in the space situated between the two planes P1,P2, and wherein it includes an additional phase conductor including an input connection land and an output connection land, a portion able to pass through the torus and a portion able to pass through an additional measurement sensor only measuring the current, this additional measurement sensor being of small size and being positioned directly above the torus in such a way that the assembly formed by the torus and the additional sensor is situ

Abstract: Four genes, A622, NBB1, PMT, and QPT, can be influenced for increasing nicotinic alkaloid levels in Nicotiana plants, as well as for synthesizing nicotinic alkaloids in non-nicotine producing plants and cells. In particular, overexpressing one or more of A622, NBB1, PMT, and QPT may be used to increase nicotine and nicotinic alkaloid levels in tobacco plants. Non-nicotine producing cells can be engineered to produce nicotine and related compounds by overexpressing A622 and NBB1.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device including a nonvolatile memory, information of a memory transistor of an unselected bit is accidentally erased during information write operation. A well region is provided in a memory region of a bulk region defined in a SOI substrate. A memory transistor having an LDD region and a diffusion layer is provided in the well region. A raised epitaxial layer is provided on the surface of the well region. The LDD region is provided from a portion of the well region located directly below a sidewall surface of a gate electrode to a portion of the well region located directly below the raised epitaxial layer. The diffusion layer is provided in the raised epitaxial layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device in which the cell size is small and disturbance in reading operation is suppressed, and a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device. A first memory cell has a first memory transistor. A second memory cell has a second memory transistor. A control gate is shared by the first memory cell and the second memory cell. In plan view, the control gate is sandwiched between a first memory gate of the first memory transistor and a second memory gate of the second memory transistor.

Abstract: A flow-straightening device at a coupling portion between: an air supply chamber adjacent to a coating chamber and supplying air to the coating chamber via a filter provided at a boundary wall between the air supply chamber and the coating chamber; and an air supply duct supplying air to the air supply chamber in a direction along the boundary wall. When a direction parallel to the boundary wall and perpendicular to the air supply chamber width direction is an air supply chamber depth direction; and a direction perpendicular to the boundary wall is an air supply chamber thickness direction, the device includes a plurality of fins arranged in the air supply chamber width direction and the air supply chamber depth direction and juxtaposed to each other to be spaced apart from each other in the chamber thickness direction.

Abstract: Provided are a helically traveling carriage and a helically traveling cleaning machine capable of efficiently performing a maintenance process, such as cleaning, with respect to a helical structure formed by winding a helical wall around a column at a central section of a vertically extending cylindrical wall. This helically traveling carriage includes a lower moving-and-contacting part that rolls or slides on a helical wall's upper surface, a lateral bridge mechanism that bridges a column's outer circumferential surface and a cylindrical wall's inner circumferential surface, the lateral bridge mechanism having, on one end thereof, a first moving-and-contacting part that rolls or slides on the cylindrical wall's inner circumferential surface, and having, on the other end, a second moving-and-contacting part that rolls or slides on the column's outer circumferential surface, and a rotary engagement part that rotatably engages with the column by laterally receiving a portion of the column.