Abstract: It is intended to provide a medical stopcock characterized by having a housing made of a polyarylene sulfide resin and a cock made of a polyolefin-based resin, which has such pressure-proofness as being usable in angiographic techniques, high chemical resistance (Lipiodol resistance) and tolerance to radiation sterilization, in particular, tolerance to electron beam sterilization.

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus for engines is provided, with which occurrence of cavitation erosion on constituent parts of the high pressure fuel pump and fuel feed line to the pump in the apparatus is suppressed and high durability is attained even in the case of a high pressure fuel pump increased largely in capacity. Each of high pressure fuel pumps to supply high pressure fuel to a common rail comprises an electromagnetic valve which is controlled by a controller such that fuel is discharged from the plunger room by closing the electromagnetic valve in the up stroke of the plunger until the plunger reaches its top dead center, the electromagnetic valve is kept closed for some period in the down stroke of the plunger, then the electromagnetic valve is opened to allow the plunger room to be communicated with a fuel feed/spill passage.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine has a lubricity improver supply for adding a lubricity improver to low-viscosity fuel supplied to a fuel injection apparatus of the engine. A controller controls the lubricity improver supply so that the amount of the lubricity improver added to fuel at the inlet to the fuel injection apparatus is increased as engine rotation speed, engine load, or injection pressure is increased. With the system, wear or sticking of the plunger can be prevented even when low-viscosity fuel is used by improving lubrication conditions to secure necessary lubrication condition for the sliding part in accordance with engine operation conditions, fuel temperature and viscosity.

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus with which energy for driving the high pressure fuel pumps of the apparatus by proper operation of the high pressure fuel pumps in order to reduce waste energy, and a method of operating an engine equipped with the apparatus, are provided. The apparatus is provided with a controller which allows some of the plurality of high pressure fuel pumps to be made inoperative in discharging fuel to the common rail by controlling the electromagnetic valves of said some of the pumps so that the plunger rooms of said some of the pumps are communicated to a fuel feed line for feeding fuel to the plurality of the pumps when the engine is operated with small/medium fuel injection quantity of smaller than a certain quantity.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine has a lubricity improver supply for adding a lubricity improver to low-viscosity fuel supplied to a fuel injection apparatus of the engine. A controller controls the lubricity improver supply so that the amount of the lubricity improver added to fuel at the inlet to the fuel injection apparatus is increased as engine rotation speed, engine load, or injection pressure is increased. With the system, wear or sticking of the plunger can be prevented even when low-viscosity fuel is used by improving lubrication conditions to secure necessary lubrication condition for the sliding part in accordance with engine operation conditions, fuel temperature and viscosity.

Abstract: An external combustion engine includes: a main container sealed with a working fluid in a liquid state adapted to flow; a heater for heating a portion of the working fluid in the main container and generating the vapor of the working fluid; a cooler for cooling and liquefying the vapor; an output unit for outputting by converting the displacement of the liquid portion of the working fluid generated by the volume change of the working fluid due to the generation and liquefaction of the vapor into mechanical energy; and an auxiliary container communicating with the main container. The heater, the cooler and the output unit are arranged in order, in the direction of displacement of the working fluid. The working fluid is sealed in the auxiliary container which communicates with the portion of the main container nearer the output unit than the cooler.

Abstract: A plasma processing method for processing a sample mounted on a sample stage in a decompressable processing chamber in which plasma is produced. The method includes detecting a distribution of a concentration of a substance over a surface of a sample in the processing chamber using both of (1) a result of receiving light emission of the plasma and in different directions along the surface of the sample inside the processing chamber, detecting on the respective directions a constituent of the plasma and providing outputs indicative thereof, respectively, and (2) a result of taking in gases in the processing chamber and determining a mass of a constituent of the gases, and adjusting an operation of the processing of the sample so as to adjust a distribution of the processing on the sample surface based on the detected distribution of the concentration of the substance.

Abstract: A poppet valve device includes a plurality of axial passages of substantially the same diameter and length communicating with a high-pressure room formed inside a valve seat member between a poppet valve body and the valve seat member. The passages are located adjacent to each other and an annular gap formed between the periphery of the poppet valve body and an inner perimeter of a projecting part on which a valve seat face of the valve seat member is formed, is narrow to restrict liquid flow through the annular gap. An electronic controlled fuel injection apparatus equipped with the poppet valve device is composed such that a lower end part of the poppet valve body and a bottom of a valve device accommodating part of the fuel injection apparatus are formed to restrict flow of fuel to prevent the occurrence of bouncing.

Abstract: The invention provides a battery module including an output breaker that ensures safe and prompt installation of batteries in a system. The battery module includes one or more batteries and a case housing the batteries and having output terminals, each output terminal being connected to a positive or negative electrode of the housed battery, the battery module further including means for turning on and off the connection between the output terminal and the positive or negative electrode of the battery. The means for turning on and off the connection may include a contact subjected to making and breaking operations and a screw for making and breaking the contact, the screw having an insulator at an interface with the contact.

Abstract: A poppet valve device is composed such that a plurality of axial passages of substantially the same diameter and length communicating to a high-pressure space formed inside the valve seat member between the poppet valve body and the valve seat member are provided in the valve seat member. The passages are located adjacent to each other, or located axially symmetrically. An annular gap formed between the periphery of the poppet valve body and the inner perimeter of a projecting part on which the valve seat face of the valve seat member is formed is narrow to restrict liquid flow through the annular gap.

Abstract: An external combustion engine 10 is disclosed, wherein a container 11 sealed with a working medium adapted to flow in a liquid state includes a heating unit 13 for generating a vapor of the working medium 12 by heating part of the working medium, and a cooling unit 14 for liquefying by cooling the vapor. The volume of the working medium 12 is changed by the generation and liquefaction of the vapor, and the displacement of the liquid portion of the working medium 12 caused by the volume change of the working medium 12 is converted into and output as mechanical energy. The heating unit 13 is structured so that inner members 51a, 53a arranged on the inside and outer members 51b, 53b arranged on the outside are bonded to each other. The outer members 51b, 53b are made of a second material higher in heat resistance than the first material of the inner members 51a, 53a. Further, the thickness of the inner members 51a, 53a is not smaller than the thermal penetration depth ? of the first material.

Abstract: An accumulator fuel injection apparatus is provided in which average pressure in the common rail can be detected by an extremely simple and inexpensive means with increased accuracy to be used as a control signal for controlling fuel injection. A pressure detection room is formed at an end part of the accumulation chamber such that the pressure detection room is connected to the accumulation chamber of the common rail, an orifice is provided between the pressure detection room and the accumulation chamber of the common rail to communicate the pressure detection room with the accumulation chamber by a throttled sectional area, and a common rail pressure sensor for detecting fuel pressure in the accumulation chamber is attached to an end of the common rail to face the pressure detection room.

Abstract: A power converter of the present invention is connected between a direct current power source and controls power to a load by switching equipment. The converter is equipped with a first conductor for connecting a negative pole of the power converter and the switching equipment, and a second conductor for connecting a housing of the power converter and the negative pole of the power converter to the first conductor through a resistor.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine has a lubricity improver supply for adding a lubricity improver to low-viscosity fuel supplied to a fuel injection apparatus of the engine. A controller controls the lubricity improver supply so that the amount of the lubricity improver added to fuel at the inlet to the fuel injection apparatus is increased as engine rotation speed, engine load, or injection pressure is increased. With the system, wear or sticking of the plunger can be prevented even when low-viscosity fuel is used by improving lubrication conditions to secure necessary lubrication condition for the sliding part in accordance with engine operation conditions, fuel temperature and viscosity.

Abstract: An external combustion engine formed with a plurality of heaters for improving output, provided with a container in which a working medium is sealed flowable in a liquid state, the container being formed with heaters for heating part of a working medium to generate vapor of the working medium and coolers for cooling the vapor to liquefy, the generation and liquefaction of the vapor causing the working medium to change in volume and the displacement of the liquid part of the working medium caused by the change in volume of the working medium being converted to mechanical energy for output, wherein at least the parts of the container connected with the heaters being branched into pluralities of tubular parts, a plurality of heaters are formed so as to be connected with the plurality of tubular parts, a plurality of vapor reservoirs for storing the vapor of the working medium are formed so as to be connected with the plurality of heaters, and the plurality of vapor reservoirs are connected with each other.

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus with which energy for driving the high pressure fuel pumps of the apparatus by proper operation of the high pressure fuel pumps in order to reduce waste energy, and a method of operating an engine equipped with the apparatus, are provided. The apparatus is provided with a controller which allows some of the plurality of high pressure fuel pumps to be made inoperative in discharging fuel to the common rail by controlling the electromagnetic valves of said some of the pumps so that the plunger rooms of said some of the pumps are communicated to a fuel feed line for feeding fuel to the plurality of the pumps when the engine is operated with small/medium fuel injection quantity of smaller than a certain quantity.

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus for engines is provided, with which occurrence of cavitation erosion on constituent parts of the high pressure fuel pump and fuel feed line to the pump in the apparatus is suppressed and high durability is attained even in the case of a high pressure fuel pump increased largely in capacity. Each of high pressure fuel pumps to supply high pressure fuel to a common rail comprises an electromagnetic valve which is controlled by a controller such that fuel is discharged from the plunger room by closing the electromagnetic valve in the up stroke of the plunger until the plunger reaches its top dead center, the electromagnetic valve is kept closed for some period in the down stroke of the plunger, then the electromagnetic valve is opened to allow the plunger room to be communicated with a fuel feed/spill passage.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine has a lubricity improver supply for adding a lubricity improver to low-viscosity fuel supplied to a fuel injection apparatus of the engine. A controller controls the lubricity improver supply so that the amount of the lubricity improver added to fuel at the inlet to the fuel injection apparatus is increased as engine rotation speed, engine load, or injection pressure is increased. With the system, wear or sticking of the plunger can be prevented even when low-viscosity fuel is used by improving lubrication conditions to secure necessary lubrication condition for the sliding part in accordance with engine operation conditions, fuel temperature and viscosity.

Abstract: An accumulator fuel injection apparatus is provided in which average pressure in the common rail can be detected by an extremely simple and inexpensive means with increased accuracy to be used as a control signal for controlling fuel injection. A pressure detection room is formed at an end part of the accumulation chamber such that the pressure detection room is connected to the accumulation chamber of the common rail, an orifice is provided between the pressure detection room and the accumulation chamber of the common rail to communicate the pressure detection room with the accumulation chamber by a throttled sectional area, and a common rail pressure sensor for detecting fuel pressure in the accumulation chamber is attached to an end of the common rail to face the pressure detection room.

Abstract: An electromagnetic controlled fuel injection apparatus has a poppet valve which controls the beginning and end of fuel injection by reciprocation. Inertia force and friction force arising from the reciprocating motion of the poppet valve are utilized effectively to suppress bounce of the poppet valve. The poppet valve has a sealed inside space, and a plurality of mass objects are received in the inside space so that the mass objects can move axially while contacting with each other in the inside space due to the inertia force generated by the reciprocating motion of the poppet valve.