Abstract: Provided is a molecular assembly having any nano-sized particle diameter depending on its intended use and application, in various fields such as pharmaceutical drugs, agricultural chemicals, cosmetics, food products, and electronics. Furthermore, provided is a nano-carrier for delivering various substances using the molecular assembly having any nano-sized particle diameter. A molecular assembly comprising: an amphiphilic block polymer A1 comprising a hydrophilic block having a sarcosine unit and a hydrophobic block having a lactic acid unit; and an amorphous hydrophobic polymer A2 having an aliphatic hydroxy acid unit, wherein a number of aliphatic hydroxy acid units contained in the amorphous hydrophobic polymer A2 exceeds twice a number of lactic acid units contained in the hydrophobic block of the amphiphilic block polymer A1.

Abstract: An engine control device (1) for an engine provided with a supercharger (30), including a cylinder injection valve (11), a port injection valve (12), and a variable valve actuating mechanism (40). The device includes an injection controller (3) that controls injections of fuel through the cylinder injection valve (11) and through the port injection valve (12), on the basis of a load P on the engine (10), and a variable valve controller (5) that controls the variable valve actuating mechanism (40) on the basis of the load P. The variable valve controller (5) provides a valve overlap period in an operating state where the load P is equal to or greater than a first predetermined value P1.

Abstract: An engine control device (1) for an engine provided with a supercharger (30), including a cylinder injection valve (11), a port injection valve (12), and a variable valve actuating mechanism (40). The device includes an injection controller (3) that controls injections of fuel through the cylinder injection valve (11) and through the port injection valve (12), on the basis of a rotation speed Ne of the engine (10), and a variable valve controller (5) that controls the variable valve actuating mechanism (40) on the basis of the rotation speed Ne. The variable valve controller (5) provides a valve overlap period in a first rotation speed region, and shortens the valve overlap period in a second rotation speed region of greater rotation speeds Ne than in the first rotation speed region.

Abstract: An engine includes first nozzles, second nozzles and a control unit. The first nozzles are arranged in cylinders, and inject fuel directly into the cylinders respectively. The second nozzles are arranged in intake ports of the cylinders, and inject fuel into the intake ports respectively. The control unit controls fuel injection of the first nozzles and the second nozzles. When the engine is started, the control unit performs initial fuel injection by one of the first and second nozzles into the cylinders having odd-number of initial ignition order, and performs initial fuel injection by the other one of the first and second nozzles into the cylinders having even-number of initial ignition order.

Abstract: An image processing method, an image processing apparatus and an image capturing apparatus are provided, which are capable of obtaining an output image exhibiting high visual recognizability while reducing the processing time with a circuit on a comparatively small scale.

Abstract: Fuel in a fuel tank is supplied by a low-pressure pump to intake passage injectors mounted on an intake manifold via a low-pressure fuel supply pipe and a low-pressure fuel distribution pipe. A high-pressure pump is provided on the low-pressure fuel supply pipe. The pressure of the fuel is boosted by the high-pressure pump, and then is supplied to in-cylinder injectors via a high-pressure fuel distribution pipe. In an intake passage injection (MPI) mode, excitation of a solenoid is stopped and operation of an electromagnetic spill valve is stopped so as reduce vibration and noise caused by the seating of the electromagnetic spill valve in a valve seat.

Abstract: Provided is a control unit (1) for an internal combustion engine (10) including a direct injector (11) directly injecting fuel into a cylinder (20) and a port injector (12) injecting fuel into an intake port (17). The control unit (1) includes an injection volume calculator (5) to calculate a volume of the fuel injected from the direct injector (11), a port injection controller (2) to control a volume of the fuel injected from the port injector (12), an overlap period controller (4) to control an overlap period during which both an intake valve (27) and an exhaust valve (28) are open, and a changer (6) to vary both the volume of the port injection from the port injector (12) and the overlap period based on the volume of the direct injection.

Abstract: A control unit for an internal combustion engine includes a load detector to detect a load on the engine, an injection volume calculator to calculate a cylinder injection volume indicating a volume of fuel injected from a direct injector, a first controller to perform a first control for increasing the frequency of the injection by the direct injector upon a reduction in the cylinder injection volume, a second controller to perform a second control for increasing a port injection volume indicating a volume of fuel injected from a port injector upon a reduction in the cylinder injection volume, and a switching controller to switch between the first control with the first controller and the second control with the second controller depending on the load.

Abstract: An image processing method, an image processing apparatus and an image capturing apparatus are provided, which are capable of obtaining an output image exhibiting high visual recognizability while reducing the processing time with a circuit on a comparatively small scale.

Abstract: A magnetic head comprises a retrieving unit for converting magnetic information output from a recording medium into an electric signal, a writing unit having the function of electromagnetic conversion for writing the magnetic information in the recording medium in response to the electric signal, and a first protective film formed on the retrieving unit. A second protective film is formed on the first protective film. The coefficient of linear expansion of the second protective film is reduced in comparison with that of the first protective film. Furthermore, the first protective film is an alumina film; in contrast, the second protective film is a film made of an alumina film containing silicon oxide therein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetic disk apparatus including a magnetic reproducing head portion, and a magnetic recording head including an upper magnetic core having a end portion and a rear portion. As a resist for a frame which is used for forming the rear portion, a negative resist or an electron beam resist is used, whereby the frame is formed without any adverse effect of halation from a coil insulating film. That is, it is possible to manufacture a magnetic recording head in which the rear portion of an upper magnetic core is not emerged at the face opposed to a medium, and hence to obtain a magnetic disk apparatus exhibiting an areal recording density of 5 Gbit/in2 or more by mounting a magnetic recording/reproducing head including such a magnetic recording head.

Abstract: A material for magnetic pole for attaining a writing head generating an intense recording magnetic field, and a structure and a manufacturing method therefor. The thin film magnetic head includes a magnetic pole layer having a plated magnetic layer containing Co, Ni and Fe formed on a plated underlayer of a sputtered magnetic layer containing Co, Ni and Fe. The CoNiFe magnetic layer having a composition: 40 wt %?Co?70 wt %, 10 wt %?Ni?25 wt % and 10 wt %?Fe?30 wt % and a peak intensity ratio in the X-ray diffraction of I(200)/I(111)?0.5 and I(110)/I(111)?1 (defining peak intensities for the face-centered cubic fcc (111) face, fcc (200) face and the body-centered cubic bcc (119) face as: I(111), I(200), I(110)).

Abstract: A magnetic head comprises a retrieving unit for converting magnetic information output from a recording medium into an electric signal, a writing unit having the function of electromagnetic conversion for writing the magnetic information in the recording medium in response to the electric signal, and a first protective film formed on the retrieving unit. A second protective film is formed on the first protective film. The coefficient of linear expansion of the second protective film is reduced in comparison with that of the first protective film. Furthermore, the first protective film is an alumina film; in contrast, the second protective film is a film made of an alumina film containing silicon oxide therein.

Abstract: A magnetic head comprises a retrieving unit for converting magnetic information output from a recording medium into an electric signal, a writing unit having the function of electromagnetic conversion for writing the magnetic information in the recording medium in response to the electric signal, and a first protective film formed on the retrieving unit. A second protective film is formed on the first protective film. The coefficient of linear expansion of the second protective film is reduced in comparison with that of the first protective film. Furthermore, the first protective film is an alumina film; in contrast, the second protective film is a film made of an alumina film containing silicon oxide therein.

Abstract: A material for magnetic pole for attaining a writing head generating an intense recording magnetic field, and a structure and a manufacturing method therefor. The thin film magnetic head includes a magnetic pole layer having a plated magnetic layer containing Co, Ni and Fe formed on a plated underlayer of a sputtered magnetic layer containing Co, Ni and Fe. The CoNiFe magnetic layer having a composition: 40 wt %≦Co≦70 wt %, 10 wt %≦Ni≦25 wt % and 10 wt %≦Fe≦30 wt % and a peak intensity ratio in the X-ray diffraction of I(200)/I(111)≧0.5 and I(110)/I(111)≧1 (defining peak intensities for the face-centered cubic fcc (111) face, fcc (200) face and the body-centered cubic bcc (119) face as: I(111), I(200), I(110)).

Abstract: A magnetic head comprises a retrieving unit 11 for converting magnetic information output from a recording medium into an electric signal, a writing unit 10 having the function of electromagnetic conversion for writing the magnetic information in the recording medium in response to the electric signal, and a first protective film 30 formed on the retrieving unit. A second protective film 31 is formed on the first protective film 30. The coefficient of linear expansion of the second protective film 31 is reduced in comparison with that of the first protective film 30. Furthermore, the first protective film is an alumina film; in contrast, the second protective film is a film made of an alumina film containing silicon oxide therein.

Abstract: A material for magnetic pole for attaining a writing head generating an intense recording magnetic field, and a structure and a manufacturing method therefor. The thin film magnetic head includes a magnetic pole layer having a plated magnetic layer containing Co, Ni and Fe formed on a plated underlayer of a sputtered magnetic layer containing Co, Ni and Fe. The CoNiFe magnetic layer having a composition: 40 wt %≦Co≦70 wt %, 10 wt %≦Ni≦25 wt % and 10 wt %≦Fe≦30 wt % and a peak intensity ratio in the X-ray diffraction of I(200)/I(111)≧0.5 and I(110)/I(111)≧1 (defining peak intensities for the face-centered cubic fcc (111) face, fcc (200) face and the body-centered cubic bcc (119) face as: I(111), I(200), I(110)).

Abstract: A magnetoresistive sensor which, despite a narrow reproducing shield gap, affords high resolution and high reproducing output because of its structure and is able to minimize the amount of sense current leaking into the shield layer through the gap layer. A magnetic storage apparatus suitable for high-density recording is provided with a magnetic head having said magnetoresistive sensor. The structure is characterized in that at least either of the lower shield layer or upper shield layer is partly or entirely a magnetic layer which is a composite film composed of ferromagnetic metal and oxide, and an insulation protective film is arranged between the electrode film or longitudinal bias film and the magnetic film which is a composite film composed of ferromagnetic metal and oxide.

Abstract: A magnetic disk apparatus includes a magnetic disk for recording information and a magnetic head which has a reproducing head and a recording head. The reproducing head comprising a lower shield film, a magnetoresistive film, a pair of electrodes and an upper shield, and the recording head comprising an upper magnetic core, a lower magnetic core, and a coil disposed between said upper magnetic core and said lower magnetic core. The upper magnetic core and the lower magnetic core include an electroplated thin film with an average crystal grain size smaller than 500 Å, and the electroplated thin film is made of Ni—Fe alloy of which Ni is 38 to 60 wt % and Fe is 40 to 62 wt %.

Abstract: A magnetic head include a pair of magnetic shield layers, a pair of gap layers formed between the pair of magnetic shield layers, a magnetoresistive layer arranged between the pair of gap layers, and a pair of electrodes electrically connected to the magnetoresistive layer. At least one of the pair of magnetic shield layers is formed as a discontinuous multi-layer or as a mixed layer.