Abstract: A vertically alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is disclosed. The disclosed liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage being applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel development method for a panel including first and second substrates and first and second electrodes with a display voltage applied to liquid crystal interposed therebetween. The method involves applying a voltage signal between the electrodes with an AC voltage component of amplitude Vac and a DC voltage component Vdc, changing Vac and Vdc to measure the range of optimal DC component variation ?Vdc, and determining a structure or material of the liquid crystal panel such that the range of optimal DC component variation ?Vdc becomes less than a given value. ?Vdc=|Vdcb —Vdcw|, where Vdcb is the Vdc value at the minimum range of transmittance variation when Vdc is changed with Vac being fixed for displaying black, and Vdcw is the Vdc value at the minimum range of transmittance variation when Vdc is changed with Vac being fixed for displaying white.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate for a liquid crystal display used in a display section of an information apparatus and a liquid crystal display having the same and provides a substrate for a liquid crystal display and a liquid crystal display having the same that provide good display characteristics without any increase in manufacturing steps. A configuration is employed which includes a plurality of gate bus lines formed on a substrate substantially in parallel with each other, a plurality of drain bus lines formed on the substrate such that they intersect the gate bus lines with an insulation film interposed therebetween, pixel regions provided on the substrate in the form of a matrix, pixel electrodes having a plurality of electrode units formed in the pixel regions, slits formed between the electrode units, and connection electrodes for connecting the plurality of electrode units with each other and a thin film transistor formed at each pixel region.

Abstract: A lens array includes a glass substrate, a lens array layer, and a flat layer. The lens array layer and the flat layer are made of a resin material thinner than the glass substrate and have generally the same thickness. The lens array layer and the flat layer are adhered to the two sides of the glass substrate through adhesive layers to oppose each other through the glass substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display which exhibits preferable viewing angle characteristics even in a diagonal viewing angle. Optical retardation films of a first type that satisfy nx>ny, nz and optical retardation films of a second type that satisfy nx?ny>nz are used, and a setting is made to satisfy Rp?t=2×(?0.08×RLC+58 nm+?) (?=±30 nm) and Rt?t=(1.05±0.05)×RLC?47 nm+?(?100 nm???47 nm) where ?nd represents a retardation RLC in the liquid crystal display; Rp?t represents the sum of retardations Rp in in-plane directions of a plurality of optical retardation films; and Rt?t represents the sum of retardations Rt in the direction of the thickness of the plurality of optical retardation films.

Abstract: A vertically alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is disclosed. The disclosed liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage being applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a pair of substrates in a spaced relationship with one another. A pair of alignment films are provided, one alignment film being formed on each substrate such that the alignment films face one another. A liquid crystal layer; including plural liquid crystals, is inserted between the pair of alignment films, wherein the alignment films impart a given pre-tilt angle to the liquid crystals. The alignment films are composed of a material containing at least two types of polymers having a prescribed initial alignment and different alignment variation rates in response to ultraviolet ray irradiation. The pre-tilt angle being adjusted, without rubbing the alignment films, through ultraviolet exposure of the alignment films.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display used as a display section of an electronic apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same, and it is aimed at providing a liquid crystal display which can achieve high viewing angle characteristics and a method of manufacturing the same. A configuration is employed which includes a pair of substrates provided opposite to each other, a liquid crystal sealed between the pair of substrates, protrusions formed on at least one of the pair of substrates for regulating the alignment of the liquid crystal, and a plurality of pixel regions having both of a first area in which the protrusions are disposed at first intervals a2 and which has a first threshold voltage for driving of the liquid crystal and a second area in which the protrusions are disposed at second intervals a2 smaller than the first intervals and which has a second threshold voltage lower than the first threshold voltage.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device used as a display part of an electronic apparatus which exhibits high brightness and favorable display quality. The liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates which are arranged to face each other in an opposed manner; vertical-alignment type liquid crystal which is sealed between the pair of substrates; a plurality of pixel regions, each pixel region including a sub pixel having a pixel electrode on one substrate and a sub pixel having a pixel electrode on one substrate, a slit formed between the pixel electrodes; and a singular point control part which includes projecting portions which are formed on end portions of the pixel electrodes on the slit-side and controls singular points of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display used as a display section of an electronic apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same, and it is aimed at providing a liquid crystal display which can achieve high viewing angle characteristics and a method of manufacturing the same. A configuration is employed which includes a pair of substrates provided opposite to each other, a liquid crystal sealed between the pair of substrates, protrusions formed on at least one of the pair of substrates for regulating the alignment of the liquid crystal, and a plurality of pixel regions having both of a first area in which the protrusions are disposed at first intervals a2 and which has a first threshold voltage for driving of the liquid crystal and a second area in which the protrusions are disposed at second intervals a2 smaller than the first intervals and which has a second threshold voltage lower than the first threshold voltage.

Abstract: A liquid crystal apparatus is provided wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises a section formed by polymerizing a polymerizable compound in the presence of a liquid crystal by selectively irradiating active energy rays onto the substrate surface when no voltage is applied, or alignment control layers and bumps are formed by polymerizing a polymerizable compound which is added to said liquid crystal, or first electrodes with a vertical alignment control film and a second electrode with a horizontal alignment control film face each other and alignment control of the liquid crystal is performed by irradiating light from a direction tilted from the normal line direction on said liquid crystal display apparatus. A liquid crystal display apparatus which can implement high transmittance, high-speed response and a wide viewing angle can be provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided which has a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, in which liquid crystal molecules are vertically aligned with respect to the substrates when no voltage is applied between the substrates and the liquid crystal molecules tilt in a plurality of directions to be almost parallel to the substrates by applying a voltage between the substrates. In the liquid crystal layer, when the voltage is applied, a proportion of a region where the liquid crystal molecules tilt in a direction of 0 degrees to 180 degrees is different from a proportion of a region where the liquid crystal molecules tilt in a direction of 180 degrees to 360 degrees with the angle being defined counterclockwise with the right direction on a screen being 0 degrees.

Abstract: A liquid crystal apparatus is provided wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises a section formed by polymerizing a polymerizable compound in the presence of a liquid crystal by selectively irradiating active energy rays onto the substrate surface when no voltage is applied, or alignment control layers and bumps are formed by polymerizing a polymerizable compound which is added to said liquid crystal, or first electrodes with a vertical alignment control film and a second electrode with a horizontal alignment control film face each other and alignment control of the liquid crystal is performed by irradiating light from a direction tilted from the normal line direction on said liquid crystal display apparatus. A liquid crystal display apparatus which can implement high transmittance, high-speed response and a wide viewing angle can be provided.

Abstract: A vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage being applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of two substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: A vertically alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is disclosed. The disclosed liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage being applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: A vertically aligned liquid crystal display device for controlling liquid crystal molecules alignment with linear structures or slits consisting of a plurality of constituent units on at least one of a pair of substrates. In one configuration, an alignment controlling means forms an alignment singular points s=+1 of liquid crystal molecules at an intersecting point between the structures (or slits) and an edge of a pixel electrode. Preferably, at least one of the constituent units has bending portions over a capacitive bus line. In one preferred embodiment, the height of a portion of the linear structure opposite an edge of a pixel electrode is higher than other areas of the linear structures. Additionally, all liquid crystal molecules around an intersecting point between the structures or the slits formed on one substrate and an edge of a pixel electrode formed on the other substrate are preferably aligned to the intersecting point.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus including pair of substrates; a liquid crystal arranged between the pair of substrates; a plurality of stripe electrodes per pixel and an alignment layer formed in one of the substrates; a transparent electrode covering substantially the whole surface of the other substrate and an alignment layer formed in the other substrate; and an insulating layer arranged in one substrate to cover the stripe electrodes. The insulating layer preferably has openings above the stripe electrodes and the openings preferably have tapered side walls.

Abstract: A vertically alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is disclosed. The disclosed liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage being applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: AC voltage of rectangular wave is applied between a pixel electrode 25A and a common electrode 23A, and the amplitude Vac of the AC voltage component and the DC voltage component Vdc thereof are changed to measure the range of optimal DC component variation ?Vdc and determine a structure or material of a liquid crystal display device so as to lower ?Vdc less than a given value, wherein ?Vdc=|Vdcb?Vdcw|, Vdcb is the value of Vdc at which the range of transmittance variation is the minimum with Vac being fixed at a value for displaying black (2V), and Vdcw is the value of Vdc at which the range of transmittance variation is the minimum with Vac being fixed at a value for displaying white (7 V). Thickness of an insulating layer 26A on the pixel electrode 25A and on the common electrode 23A are the same. Electrode crossover portions are made to be in axial symmetry. The top surface of each stripe electrode of a pixel electrode has convex shape in cross section.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal layer and a pair of electrodes for applying voltage onto the liquid crystal installed on both sides of the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal layer and pair of electrodes being sandwiched between a pair of substrates, the liquid crystal layer is made to have sections obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable compound in the presence of the liquid crystal through selective irradiation of active energy rays over the substrate surface with no voltage application, and sections obtained through polymerization by the selective irradiation of active energy rays, followed by irradiation of active energy rays all over the substrate surface with voltage application. Liquid crystal display devices excellent in high transmission, high-speed response, wide viewing angle properties, etc. are obtained.