Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having stored an image processing program that causes a computer to execute a process, the process includes extracting a plurality of consecutive pixels corresponding to a first part or a second part of a body, from a pixel column in a predetermined direction of an image of the body, obtaining a statistical value of pixel values of the plurality of consecutive pixels, and identifying a part corresponding to the plurality of consecutive pixels, among the first part or the second part, based on the statistical value.

Abstract: Substrates that are bonding targets are bonded in ambient atmosphere via bonding films, including oxides, formed on bonding faces of the substrates. The bonding films, which are metal or semiconductor thin films formed by vacuum film deposition and at least the surfaces of which are oxidized, are formed into the respective smooth faces of two substrates having the smooth faces that serve as the bonding faces. The bonding films are exposed to a space that contains moisture, and the two substrates are overlapped in the ambient atmosphere such that the surfaces of the bonding films are made to be hydrophilic and the surfaces of the bonding films contact one another. Through this, a chemical bond is generated at the bonded interface, and thereby the two substrates are bonded together in the ambient atmosphere. The bonding strength ? can be improved by heating the bonded substrates at a temperature.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus includes a balun having a first unbalanced terminal, a second unbalanced terminal, a first balanced terminal, and a second balanced terminal, a grounded vacuum container, a first electrode electrically connected to the first balanced terminal, a second electrode electrically connected to the second balanced terminal, and a ground electrode arranged in the vacuum container and grounded.

Abstract: Atomic diffusion bonding is carried out using a bonding film comprising a nitride formed at a bonding surface. Operating in a vacuum chamber, a bonding film comprising a nitride is formed on each of flat surfaces of two substrates that each have the flat surface, and, by overlapping the two substrates so the bonding films formed on the two substrates are in contact with each other, the two substrates are joined by the generation of atomic diffusion at a bonding interface between the bonding films.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus includes a balun having a first unbalanced terminal, a second unbalanced terminal, a first balanced terminal, and a second balanced terminal, a grounded vacuum container, a first electrode electrically connected to the first balanced terminal, a second electrode electrically connected to the second balanced terminal, and a ground electrode arranged in the vacuum container and grounded.

Abstract: Substrates that are bonding targets are bonded in ambient atmosphere via bonding films, including oxides, formed on bonding faces of the substrates. The bonding films, which are metal or semiconductor thin films formed by vacuum film deposition and at least the surfaces of which are oxidized, are formed into the respective smooth faces of two substrates having the smooth faces that serve as the bonding faces. The bonding films are exposed to a space that contains moisture, and the two substrates are overlapped in the ambient atmosphere such that the surfaces of the bonding films are made to be hydrophilic and the surfaces of the bonding films contact one another. Through this, a chemical bond is generated at the bonded interface, and thereby the two substrates are bonded together in the ambient atmosphere. The bonding strength ? can be improved by heating the bonded substrates at a temperature.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus includes a balun having a first unbalanced terminal, a second unbalanced terminal, a first balanced terminal, and a second balanced terminal, a grounded vacuum container, a first electrode electrically connected to the first balanced terminal, a second electrode electrically connected to the second balanced terminal, and a ground electrode arranged in the vacuum container and grounded.

Abstract: A vehicle includes: a vehicle body including a vehicle cabin; at least one wheel disposed along one direction in the vehicle body; a seat disposed inside the vehicle cabin; a first planar member that is fixed to the vehicle body, separates the vehicle cabin from an outside of the vehicle, is disposed further toward the outside of the vehicle than the seat in the one direction, and has a first transmittance for visible light; a second planar member that is allowed to be disposed between the first planar member and the seat, and has a second transmittance for visible light that is smaller than the first transmittance; and an input device. The second planar member is disposed between the first planar member and the seat in a case where a predetermined input is performed on the input device.

Abstract: A bonded structure includes a first substrate; a second substrate placed opposite to the first substrate; an intermediate layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate and including a first oxide thin film layered on the first substrate and a second oxide thin film layered on the second substrate; either or both of the first oxide thin film and the second oxide thin film of the intermediate layer being formed of oxide thin films having increased defects; and an interface between the first oxide thin film and the second oxide thin film=being bonded by chemical bonding, and the interface comprising a low-density portion whose density is lower than that of the two oxide thin films.

Abstract: A bonded structure includes a first substrate; a second substrate placed opposite to the first substrate; an intermediate layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate and including a first oxide thin film layered on the first substrate and a second oxide thin film layered on the second substrate; either or both of the first oxide thin film and the second oxide thin film of the intermediate layer being formed of oxide thin films having increased defects; and an interface between the first oxide thin film and the second oxide thin film=being bonded by chemical bonding, and the interface comprising a low-density portion whose density is lower than that of the two oxide thin films.

Abstract: The present invention achieves chemical bonding by means of a joined film made of oxides formed on a joined surface. In a vacuum container, amorphous oxide thin films are respectively formed on smooth surfaces of two substrates, and the two substrates overlap such that the amorphous oxide thin films formed on the two substrates come into contact with each other, thereby causing chemical bonding involving an atomic diffusion at a joined interface between the amorphous oxide thin films to join the two substrates.

Abstract: A vehicle includes: a vehicle body including a vehicle cabin; at least one wheel disposed along one direction in the vehicle body; a seat disposed inside the vehicle cabin; a first planar member that is fixed to the vehicle body, separates the vehicle cabin from an outside of the vehicle, is disposed further toward the outside of the vehicle than the seat in the one direction, and has a first transmittance for visible light; a second planar member that is allowed to be disposed between the first planar member and the seat, and has a second transmittance for visible light that is smaller than the first transmittance; and an input device. The second planar member is disposed between the first planar member and the seat in a case where a predetermined input is performed on the input device.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus includes a balun having a first unbalanced terminal, a second unbalanced terminal, a first balanced terminal, and a second balanced terminal, a grounded vacuum container, a first electrode electrically connected to the first balanced terminal, a second electrode electrically connected to the second balanced terminal, and a ground electrode arranged in the vacuum container and grounded.

Abstract: To provide a gas supply device 20 which can supply a gas uniformly even if an overall length of a gas supply pipe 21 is long and can secure uniformity in film quality. The gas supply device 20 is provided with a gas supply pipe 21 which is configured of a double-layer pipe comprising an inner pipe 23 connected to a gas introduction pipe 22 and an outer pipe 24 for covering the outer peripheral portion of the inner pipe 23 with a gap between them, wherein the inner pipe 23 has a porous sintered body 25 for allowing the passage of the gas in at least a part of it; and the outer pipe 24 has a large number of gas outlet ports 26 for discharging the gas having passed through the sintered body 25 into the vacuum vessel.

Abstract: A deposition apparatus includes a vacuum chamber, a plasma gun adapted to emit a plasma onto a deposition material accommodated in the vacuum chamber, and a discharge gas supply unit adapted to supply a discharge gas to the plasma gun. The deposition apparatus comprises a mass flow controller adapted to change a flow rate of the discharge gas, and a control circuit which is connected to the mass flow controller and adapted to control, the change in flow rate by the mass flow controller, based on a predetermined setting.

Abstract: The invention provides a solder alloy for bonding an oxide material, including more than 0% but not more than 1.0% of Mg and the balance being substantially Bi and Sn. Preferably, the alloy includes 0.01 to 0.6% of Mg, 35 to 86% of Bi, and the balance being substantially Sn. The invention can be used for bonding an oxide material, such as bonding glasses to each other. According to the invention, a low-cost solder joint of an oxide material is also provided.

Abstract: A deposition apparatus includes a plasma gun including a hollow cathode which generates a plasma beam into a vacuum chamber including an exhaust system and one or more intermediate electrodes to provide a potential gradient for the plasma beam, a focusing coil which is provided to surround the outer surface of a tube portion of the vacuum chamber located coaxially with the exit portion for outputting a plasma beam from the plasma gun and draws the plasma beam into the vacuum chamber through the tube portion, and a reflected electron feedback electrode which is placed inside the tube portion coaxially with the exit portion of the plasma gun and has a positive polarity.

Abstract: A plasma film forming apparatus having a plasma gun which emits a plasma beam and a magnet which applies a magnetic field to the plasma beam emitted from the plasma gun to deform the beam section of the plasma beam into an almost rectangular or elliptic shape includes a plurality of magnet units which deflect the plasma beam the beam section of which is deformed, to irradiate an irradiation target with the deflected plasma beam. A first magnet to be arranged on a lower backside to a surface of the irradiation target and a second magnet having magnetic poles which are the same as those of the first magnet are arranged in each magnet unit. The first magnet and the second magnet line up to be spaced apart from each other.

Abstract: A plasma generating apparatus emits a plasma beam from a plasma gun and thereafter deforms the emitted plasma beam by a pair of opposing first magnets arranged to sandwich the plasma beam. The plasma generating apparatus includes at least one second magnet which is arranged between the plasma gun and the first magnets, includes a hole through which the plasma beam passes and a magnet portion of it extending outside from the hole in a direction perpendicular to the plasma beam, and forms a magnetic field having magnetic lines reaching outside from the hole or reaching the hole from outside. At least one second magnet concentrates the emitted plasma beam.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sheet-like plasma generator in which film deposition area can be enlarged while making the film thickness distribution more uniform, and film deposition equipment employing such sheet-like plasma generator. The sheet-like plasma generator generates sheet-like plasma by passing a plasma beam, which let out from a plasma gun by means of a convergence coil, through a magnetic field formed by a sheet magnet assembly consisting of a pair of sheet magnets in the form of permanent magnets extending in the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the plasma beam and arranged in parallel to oppose each other, and deforming the plasma beam into a sheet-like plasma beam. The sheet magnet assembly includes at least one sheet magnet in which the repulsion field strength at a portion corresponding to the central side of the plasma beams is higher than that at a portion corresponding to the outer edge side of the plasma beam.