Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming part for forming a toner image on an image bearing body based on an image signal, and a density detection part for detecting a density of the toner image on the image bearing body, such that it is determined whether a normal image formed by the image forming part has a density detection area which should be detected, and if it is determined that the density detection area is present, image forming conditions are controlled based on a detection result of the density detection area.

Abstract: Executing the steps of: receiving information of customer orders and information of prospect orders and storing into a received order database 20; dividing orders stored in said received order database 20 based on a reference master having various kinds of information about production materials registered therein, and storing the information of the orders which have been subjected to the division process to a received order division database 21; applying a process development to the orders which have been subjected to the division process, based on a basic unit master and storing into a process development database 22; specifying an optimum production starting date based on the information of orders which have been subjected to the process development and a production pattern stored in a production pattern database, performing loading, and storing results of the loading into a production planning database 23; and creating delivery date answer information, based on said optimum production starting date stored

Abstract: Urea grease composition for constant velocity joints is provided containing base oil, one or more urea thickener compounds, (A) one or more molybdenum sulphurized dialkyldithiocarbamates represented by general formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are independently chosen from alkyl groups of from 1 to 24 carbons, m+n=4, m is from 0 to 3 and n is from 4 to 1, (B) triphenylphosphorothionate represented by formula (II) and (C) one or more stearic acid metal salts.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, an electrifying member for electrifying the image bearing member; an image forming member for forming an image on the image bearing member electrified by the electrifying member; a conveying member for making a recording material, which has been conveyed from a recording material receiving portion held in waiting and waiting then conveying the image on the image bearing member to a transfer portion for transferring the image onto the recording material; and a control member controls a start timing of electrification by the electrifying member in accordance with a start timing of a conveyance of the recording material by the conveying member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus with an image bearing member and a charging member for contactably charging the image bearing member. The charging member is provided within an exchangeable unit. An electric power containing an AC component is applied to the charging member, and adjustments are made to the magnitude of the AC component. When the exchangeable unit is exchanged, the magnitude of the AC component is returned to an initial value thereof, so as to extend the life of the image bearing member in situations where the exchangeable unit is exchanged and the AC component might otherwise have a magnitude inappropriate for the new unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided which includes an image bearing member, an electrifying member for electrifying the image bearing member; an image forming member for forming an image on the image bearing member electrified by the electrifying member; a conveying member for making a recording material, which has been conveyed from a recording material receiving portion, wait and then conveying the image on the image bearing member to a transfer portion for transferring the image onto the recording material; and a control member for controlling electrification start timing by the electrifying member in accordance with start timing of conveyance of the recording material by the conveying member. With the above structure, consumption power necessary for electrification of the image bearing member can be reduced as much as possible, and further, the service life of the image bearing member can be improved.

Abstract: An electronic mail system is provided that can control suppression of a transmission band and a storage area of a mail, and can communicate all contents of a mail transmitted from a sender to a receiver. The electronic mail system is provided with a transmission apparatus (1) and a reception apparatus (2). The transmission apparatus (1), when transmitting a mail A with a signature added, transmits a mail A′ whose size is made smaller by converting the signature to a signature ID. The mail A′ is held in a mail server 4 through a mail server 3. The receipt apparatus 2, when receiving the mail A′ from the mail server 4, restores the mail A by converting the signature ID in the mail A′ to the signature.

Abstract: A constant velocity universal joint comprising: an inner race having a plurality of inner grooves; an outer race having a plurality of outer grooves; a plurality of balls arranged individually in the plurality of inner grooves and in the plurality of outer grooves; and a retainer for retaining the plurality of balls. The center of curvature of the plurality of inner grooves and the center of curvature of the plurality of outer grooves are set on the both sides of a bisector. The plurality of inner grooves are formed helically in the inner race, and the plurality of outer grooves are formed helically in the outer race. The adjoining inner grooves are inclined in opposite directions, and the adjoining outer grooves are inclined in opposite directions.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has an image forming device and a changing device, and the image forming device is capable of forming an image by the use of a recording device, and forming an image without the use of the recording device, and when an image is to be formed without the use of the recording device, the changing device converts the image signal and changes the density of the image, and when an image is to be formed by the use of the recording device, the changing device does not convert the image signal, but controls the image forming condition of the image forming device and changes the density of the image when the density of the image is to be changed in the course of the formation of the image.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive body, a charging member for charging the photosensitive body, voltage applicator for applying a voltage including an AC component to the charging member, exposing device for image exposing on the photosensitive body charged by the charging member to form an electrostatic image, and developer for developing the electrostatic image, wherein the image forming apparatus can select from a first mode having low tone reproductivity and a second mode having tone reproductivity higher than that of the first mode, and wherein, when the second mode is selected, the voltage applicator applies a voltage having a frequency of the AC component higher than that when the first mode is selected.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes a heater which heats an image on a recording material, which extends in a direction perpendicular to a moving direction of the recording material; a first temperature detecting member for detecting the temperature of the heater; power controlling device for controlling the power supplied to the heater, so that the temperature detected by the temperature detecting member remains constant; a second temperature detecting member which is positioned at a location apart, in the longitudinal direction of the heater, from where the first temperature detecting member is positioned; and an interrupting device for interrupting the imaging heating process in accordance with the temperature detected by the second temperature detecting member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes image bearing member for bearing a toner image; charging member contactable to the image bearing member to electrically charge the image bearing member; wherein .delta.V=.vertline.Vdc-Vs.vertline. is different between a first area of the image bearing member which is going to be image area and second area of the image bearing member which is going to be non-image area, where Vdc is a DC component of a voltage applied to the charging member, and Vs is is a potential of the image bearing member charged by the charging member.

Abstract: A charging device includes a charging member for charging a movable member to be charged; the charging member including a carrying member for carrying a magnetic particle layer contactable to the member to be charged, the carrying member being adapted to be supplied with a voltage; wherein a direction of a magnetic force acting on magnetic particles in the magnetic particle layer at a downstream end position with respect to a movement direction of the member to be charged at a portion where the member to be charged and the magnetic particle layer are contacted, is opposite from the member to be charged with respect to a tangent line of the member to be charged at the end position.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a movable image bearing member; an image forming device for forming a toner image on the image bearing member; a charging member for charging the image bearing member in a charging station; and an electrical power source for supplying power to the charging member. A detector detects the voltage-current characteristic between the charging member and the image bearing member; and a controller controls the output of the electrical power source, in accordance with an output of the detector, when a surface area portion of the image bearing member, where the toner image is not going to be formed as the image bearing member rotates, is in the charging station.

Abstract: A charging device includes a movable member to be charged; a charging member contactable to the member to be charged to electrically charge the member to be charged; a discharging device, disposed upstream of a contact portion between the charging member and the member to be charged with respect to a movement direction of the member to be charged, for electrically discharging the member to be charged at a portion adjacent to the contact portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a movable image bearing member, having a photosensitive layer; an image forming device for forming an image on the image bearing member: a charging member for charging the image bearing member; and a light radiating device for radiating light on the image bearing member; a detector for detecting a datum rotating to a thickness of the photosensitive layer on the basis of the voltage-current characteristic between the charging member and image bearing member; and a controller for controlling the amount of light radiated from the light radiating device to be increased with decrease in the thickness of the photosensitive layer, in response to the detector.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has an image bearing member; developing device for developing the image bearing member to form a toner image on the image bearing member, in a developing zone; and a transferring member for forming a nip in cooperation with the image bearing member and for transferring the toner image onto a transfer material in the nip. During a portion of a period in which the transfer material is not in the nip, an electric field is formed for transferring the toner having the same polarity as the toner image from the transferring member to a first region of the image bearing member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member; a charging member contactable to the photosensitive member for charging the photosensitive member at a charging position; exposure means for exposing the photosensitive member to electrically discharging the photosensitive member, wherein when a region of the photosensitive member discharged by the exposure means is at the charging position, a voltage-current characteristic between the charging member and the photosensitive member is detected; changing means for changing an incident light quantity to the photosensitive member from the exposure means.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member for bearing a toner image; and a transferring member for forming a nip in cooperation with the image bearing member for transferring the toner image from the image bearing member to a recording material, in the nip, wherein a voltage having a polarity opposite from a polarity; normal toner is applied to the transferring member to transfer the toner image to the recording material; wherein the between start of the voltage application to the transferring member and the arrival of the leading end of the recording material at the nip is controlled on the basis of a type of the recording material.

Abstract: Pure 4,4'-dichlorodiphenylsulfone is separated from the reaction mixture containing 4,4'-dichlorodiphenylsulfone and the isomers thereof by adding the reaction mixture to the mixture of trichloroethylene or tetrachloroethylene, and water to extract 4,4'-dichlorodiphenylsulfone with said organic solvent and cooling the organic solution separated from the water layer to precipitate pure 4,4'-dichlorodiphenylsulfone.