Abstract: A writing implement includes a cylindrical shaft member, a pen tip member which is fixed to one end of the shaft member and from which colored ink seeps out, liquid for ink which is stored in the shaft member and which comprises a major component of the colored ink seeping out from an end of the pen tip member, colorant to be added to the liquid for ink, and a valve member for isolating the colorant from the liquid for ink. In the writing implement, at least a part of a cylindrical side surface of the shaft member corresponding to a part where the liquid for ink is stored is formed to be transparent, the valve member is positioned between the storing part of the liquid for ink and the colorant, and the storing part of the liquid for ink is provided with a pressure-regulating part.

Abstract: A projection lens unit includes a main body; a lens fixed to the main body; and a hood disposed to one end of the main body close to a screen. The hood defines the outermost boundary of a view angle stretching with respect to the center of the lens and includes a light-shielding plate and a light-shielding barrel. When the shielding height of the light-shielding plate and the length of the light-shielding barrel are respectively represented by H and L, the shielding height H and the length L are set so as to satisfy the equation tan(&agr;/2)=H/L, in relation to the view angle &agr;. More particularly, these dimensions are set so as to satisfy the condition that the ratio H/L lies in a range from 0.74 to 0.94. The inner surface of the light-shielding barrel is subjected to surface treatment so as to absorb unnecessary light thereby, reflect it thereat, or scatter it thereat. To be more specific, the light-shielding barrel has scattering grooves disposed on the inner surface thereof.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a hyperthermia agent for malignant tumor which comprises cytokine or a vector in which a cytokine gene is integrated so that cytokine can express in malignant tumor cells, and magnetic fine particles, and a hyperthermia method using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photocatalytic material that can selectively inactivate a specific biologically harmful substance through photocatalysis, and uses thereof.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electronic device by placing within a die a first lead with an element placement pad, a second lead, and an electronic element placed on the element placement pad. The electronic element, the element placement pad, a part of the first lead, and a part of the second lead are sealed in a package by injecting a sealing resin in the die from a position on a longer side of the package, with the position being offset toward one shorter side thereof. The first lead is bent in an S shape, with a bending depth being at least as large as the thickness of the first lead. A thickness of the resin on a non-device side of the element placement pad is smaller than the bending depth.

Abstract: Provided is an adjusting method of a gap width of a laminated body composed of a color filter substrate and a TFT array substrate. A decompression chamber acting as a closed space communicating with a vacuum pump is decompressed, while a pressurization chamber that includes a decompression chamber is pressurized by driving a compressor.

Abstract: There is provided a lead frame which comprises: a lead frame body comprising a sheet-shaped body made of metal; a groove portion for forming a lead which is formed by a predetermined depth in a lead forming region on a surface of the lead frame body; and a lead portion formed so that the lead portion can protrude from the groove portion onto the surface of the lead frame body, the lead portion being made of material different from material of the lead frame body. A thin type semiconductor device is provided in which the above lead frame is used and after a chip is mounted, the lead frame body is removed by means of etching.

Abstract: A light guiding plate capable of extracting the polarized component of light that was not utilized effectively, reducing the number of parts such as light emitting elements, and reducing a power consumption and a liquid crystal display device having the light guiding plate; the light guiding plate (1), comprising a light guiding means (40) for guiding the light incident from a light source (2), a polarizing and splitting means (10) allowing the outgoing of only the polarization in one direction, a reflection means (30) for reflecting the light, and a light converting means (20) disposed between the polarizing and splitting means (10) and the reflection means (30) and converting the polarization direction of the light transmitted therethrough.

Abstract: Educational system and method of utilizing a learning history information are provided. At least one student's account is provided with at least one subject-related information, which has been classified in a designated field and registered in a data base. At least one teacher's account is provided with at least one student-prepared essay information with an edition-number-related information, which corresponds to the at least one subject-related information. A registration is made of the at least one student-created essay information into the data base, in combination with a teacher-providing evaluation record information and a designated-field-related information.

Abstract: There is provided a copper-plating liquid free from an alkali metal and a cyanide which, when used in plating of a substrate having an outer seed layer and fine recesses of a high aspect ratio, can reinforce the thin portion of the seed layer and can embed copper completely into the depth of the fine recesses.

Abstract: There is provided a copper-plating liquid free from an alkali metal and a cyanide which, when used in plating of a substrate having an outer seed layer and fine recesses of a high aspect ratio, can reinforce the thin portion of the seed layer and can embed copper completely into the depth of the fine recesses. The plating liquid contains divalent copper ions and a completing agent, and an optional pH adjusting agent.

Abstract: There is provided a copper-plating solution which, when used in plating of a substrate having an seed layer and fine recesses of a high aspect ratio, can reinforce the thin portion of the seed layer and ensures complete filling with copper of the fine recesses, and which is so stable that its performance is not lowered after a long-term continuous use thereof. The plating solution contains monovalent or divalent copper ions, a complexing agent, and an organic sulfur compound as an additive, and optionally a surfactant.

Abstract: The expression data of specimen genes are processed using the SWEEP operator method and the parameter increasing method, and genes are selected. A FNN model is constructed by making the expression data of the selected genes as input variables.

Abstract: The method of producing a redifferentiated plantlet of the present invention comprises a step of proliferating cultured plant cells in a liquid medium containing a thickening agent and a step of redifferentiating the cultured plant cells after the proliferating step.

Abstract: There is provided a method and apparatus for forming fine circuit interconnects that can form, by copper plating, copper interconnects in which movement of copper atoms is retarded or suppressed whereby the migration is prevented. The method for forming fine circuit interconnects, comprising, providing a substrate for electronic circuit having fine circuit patterns which are covered with a barrier layer and optionally a seed layer, forming a first plated film on the surface of the substrate by copper alloy plating, and forming a second plated film on the surface of the first plated film by copper plating.

Abstract: There can be provided a silicon single crystal wafer grown according to Czochralski method wherein the whole plane of the wafer is occupied by N region on the outside of OSF generated in a shape of a ring by thermal oxidation treatment and there exists no defect region detected by Cu deposition. Thereby, there can be produced a silicon single crystal wafer according to CZ method, which does not belong to any of V region rich in vacancies, OSF region and I region rich in interstitial silicons, and can surely improve electric characteristics such as oxide dielectric breakdown voltage characteristics or the like under stable manufacture conditions.

Abstract: A writing implement for preventing ink from leaking out from a front end of a tip by absorbing much of a change in pressure inside an ink tank, the implement being a direct liquid type writing implement having an ink tank and an ink flowing portion connecting the ink tank and a writing end, a temporary ink reserve part for temporarily holding ink and an air supplying portion for supplying air to the temporary ink reserve part, the temporary ink reserve part being constituted by a temporary ink reserve groove and an ink guide groove, an ink introducing groove at a vicinity of the ink tank constituting a portion of the ink guide groove, a distance from the writing end to an end portion of the temporary ink reserve groove on its ink tank side being larger than a distance from the writing end to the ink introducing groove.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an electric double-layer capacitor with an excellent property of preventing a short circuit between the electrodes, a better ionic permeability and a high strength is provided, said process comprising using, as a separator, a fiber sheet containing a fiber having fibrils and a fine polyester fiber having a fineness of not more than 0.45 dtex (decitex) and drying the separator at a specific temperature.