Abstract: Provided are an electrolytic solution suitable for a lithium ion secondary battery that includes a positive electrode which has a positive electrode active material having an olivine structure, and includes a negative electrode having graphite as a negative electrode active material, and a superior lithium ion secondary battery having the electrolytic solution. The lithium ion secondary battery includes: a positive electrode that includes a positive electrode active material having an olivine structure; a negative electrode having graphite as a negative electrode active material; and an electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution contains LiPF6, a cyclic alkylene carbonate selected from ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, methyl propionate, and an additive that starts reductive degradation at a potential higher than a potential at which the above components of the electrolytic solution start reductive degradation.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery having excellent durability is provided. The lithium ion secondary battery includes: a positive electrode including a current collector made from aluminum; a negative electrode; and an electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution contains an electrolyte including a lithium salt, and a linear carbonate represented by formula (2), the linear carbonate is contained at a mole ratio of 3 to 6 relative to the lithium salt, and the electrolyte includes a first lithium salt represented by formula (1) and a second alkali metal salt; (R1X1)(R2SO2)NLi: formula (1); and R20OCOOR21: formula (2).

Abstract: A method for producing a secondary battery including: an electrolytic solution containing a metal salt whose cation is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or aluminum and whose anion has a chemical structure represented by general formula (1) below, and a linear carbonate represented by general formula (2) below; a negative electrode; a positive electrode; and a coating on a surface of the negative electrode and/or the positive electrode, the coating containing S, O, and C, the method including forming the coating by performing a specific activation process on a secondary battery including the electrolytic solution, the negative electrode, and the positive electrode, (R1X1)(R2SO2)N??general formula (1), R20OCOOR21??general formula (2).

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery having excellent durability is provided. The lithium ion secondary battery includes: a positive electrode including a current collector made from aluminum; a negative electrode; and an electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution contains an electrolyte including a lithium salt, and a linear carbonate represented by general formula (2) below, the linear carbonate is contained at a mole ratio of 3 to 6 relative to the lithium salt, and the electrolyte includes a first lithium salt represented by general formula (1) below and an alkali metal salt selected from general formulas (A) to (D) below.

Abstract: A method for producing a secondary battery including: an electrolytic solution containing a metal salt whose cation is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or aluminum and whose anion has a chemical structure represented by general formula (1) below, and a linear carbonate represented by general formula (2) below; a negative electrode; a positive electrode; and a coating on a surface of the negative electrode and/or the positive electrode, the coating containing S, O, and C, the method including forming the coating by performing a specific activation process on a secondary battery including the electrolytic solution, the negative electrode, and the positive electrode, (R1X1)(R2SO2)N??general formula (1), R20OCOOR21??general formula (2).

Abstract: A positive electrode active material layer comprises a coating layer for coating at least part of surfaces of positive electrode active material particles. The coating layer comprises alternate layers of a cationic material layer containing a cationic material having a positive zeta potential and an anionic material layer containing an anionic material having a negative zeta potential under neutral conditions, and a material layer having a zeta potential of opposite sign to that of the positive electrode active material particles is bonded to the surfaces of the positive electrode active material particles. The coating layer is thin and uniform, and has a high strength for bonding to the positive electrode active material particles, so the coating layer suppresses direct contact of the positive electrode active material particles and an electrolytic solution even when a nonaqueous secondary battery is used at a high voltage.

Abstract: A parameter for producing a positive electrode having excellent safety, and a positive electrode active material layer satisfying the parameter. The positive electrode active material layer includes a first positive electrode active material, a second positive electrode active material having a lower charge/discharge potential than the first positive electrode active material, and an additive. When the first positive electrode active material tap density is defined as dt1, the second positive electrode active material tap density is defined as dt2, a true density of the additive is defined as d3, a mass percentage of the first positive electrode active material is defined as Wt1, a mass percentage of the second positive electrode active material is defined as Wt2, a mass percentage of the additive is defined as Wt3, and a porosity of the positive electrode active material layer is defined as p, the positive electrode active material layer satisfies (1?p)×(Wt1/dt1)/((Wt1/dt1)+(Wt2/dt2)+(Wt3/d3))<0.38.

Abstract: A positive electrode for lithium-ion secondary battery is provided, the positive electrode being able to endure high-temperature and high-voltage driving modes or operations. At least parts of the surface of positive-electrode active-material particles are covered by a polymer coating layer, and an amino group and phosphoric-acid group are included in the polymer coating layer. Since the polymer coating layer includes a phosphoric-acid-based polymer, capacity declines are inhibited at the time of cycle tests.

Abstract: A parameter for producing a positive electrode having excellent safety, and a positive electrode active material layer satisfying the parameter. The positive electrode active material layer includes a first positive electrode active material, a second positive electrode active material having a lower charge/discharge potential than the first positive electrode active material, and an additive. When the first positive electrode active material tap density is defined as dt1, the second positive electrode active material tap density is defined as dt2, a true density of the additive is defined as d3, a mass percentage of the first positive electrode active material is defined as Wt1, a mass percentage of the second positive electrode active material is defined as Wt2, a mass percentage of the additive is defined as Wt3, and a porosity of the positive electrode active material layer is defined as p, the positive electrode active material layer satisfies (1?p)×(Wt1/dt1)/((Wt1/dt1)+(Wt2/dt2)+(Wt3/d3))<0.38.

Abstract: A positive electrode for lithium-ion secondary battery is provided, the positive electrode being able to endure high-temperature and high-voltage driving modes or operations. At least parts of the surface of positive-electrode active-material particles are covered by a polymer coating layer, and an amino group and phosphoric-acid group are included in the polymer coating layer. Since the polymer coating layer includes a phosphoric-acid-based polymer, capacity declines are inhibited at the time of cycle tests.

Abstract: A positive-electrode active-material layer is formed of positive-electrode active-material particles including an Li compound or solid solution selected from the group consisting of LixNiaCobMncO2, LixCobMncO2, LixNiaMncO2, LixNiaCobO2 and Li2MnO3 (note that 0.5?“x”?1.5, 0.1?“a”<1, 0.1?“b”<1 and 0.1?“c”<1); a binding portion not only binding the positive-electrode active-material particles together one another but also binding the positive-electrode active-material particles together with the current collector; and an organic/inorganic coating layer covering at least parts of surface of the positive-electrode active-material particles. Since the organic/inorganic coating layer has high joining strength to the Li compound, the positive-electrode active-material particles and an electrolytic solution are inhibitable from contacting directly with one another at the time of a high-voltage driving mode or operation.

Abstract: Providing a nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery exhibiting superior rate characteristic and cyclability even under high-voltage application environments. The nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery includes: a positive-electrode current collector for nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery including: a current-collector body; and a film formed on a surface of the current-collector body, and composed of SnO2, a conductive carbon material and a binder for film; and a nonaqueous electrolyte containing LiPF6 (i.e., lithium hexafluorophosphate) as an electrolytic salt.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material layer comprises a coating layer for coating at least part of surfaces of positive electrode active material particles. The coating layer comprises alternate layers of a cationic material layer containing a cationic material having a positive zeta potential and an anionic material layer containing an anionic material having a negative zeta potential under neutral conditions, and a material layer having a zeta potential of opposite sign to that of the positive electrode active material particles is bonded to the surfaces of the positive electrode active material particles. The coating layer is thin and uniform, and has a high strength for bonding to the positive electrode active material particles, so the coating layer suppresses direct contact of the positive electrode active material particles and an electrolytic solution even when a nonaqueous secondary battery is used at a high voltage.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material layer comprises positive electrode active material particles containing a Li compound or a Li solid solution selected from LixNiaCobMncO2, LixCobMncO2, LixNiaMncO2, LixNiaCobO2 and Li2MnO3 wherein 0.5?x?1.5, 0.1?a<1, 0.1?b<1, and 0.1?c<1, a bonding portion for bonding the positive electrode active material particles with each other and bonding the positive electrode active material particles with a current collector, and an organic coating layer for coating at least part of surfaces of at least the positive electrode active material particles. Having a high strength of bonding with the Li compound, the organic coating layer suppresses direct contact of the positive electrode active material particles and an electrolytic solution even when a lithium-ion secondary battery is used at a high voltage.

Abstract: The present invention provides a noninvasive alcohol sensor that measures ethanol concentration with high accuracy by suppressing error dependent on glucose concentration. An alcohol sensor 10 includes first light-emitting means 21, second light-emitting means 22 and third light-emitting means 23. The first light-emitting means 21 radiates light having a wavelength of 1185 nm. This wavelength of 1185 nm is a wavelength at which the light absorbance of water and the light absorbance of ethanol are equal. The second light-emitting means 22 radiates light having a wavelength of 1710 nm. The third light-emitting means 23 radiates light having a wavelength of 1750 nm. Light detection means 30 detects the intensity of each light, and control means 60 calculates ethanol concentration based on the detected light intensity.

Abstract: A method for making reduced iron using blast-furnace sludge is provided. The method includes a mixing step of mixing the blast-furnace sludge and an iron-oxide-containing powder to prepare a mixed material, an agglomerating step of agglomerating the mixed material to form agglomerates, a feeding step of feeding the agglomerates onto a continuously moving hearth, and a reducing step of heating the agglomerates to remove zinc and reduce the agglomerates.

Abstract: A method for making reduced iron using blast-furnace sludge is provided. The method includes a mixing step of mixing the blast-furnace sludge and an iron-oxide-containing powder to prepare a mixed material, an agglomerating step of agglomerating the mixed material to form agglomerates, a feeding step of feeding the agglomerates onto a continuously moving hearth, and a reducing step of heating the agglomerates to remove zinc and reduce the agglomerates.

Abstract: A mobile radio communications system having a plurality of base stations accommodating a plurality of mobile stations through radio transmission channels, each of the base stations being connected to a mobile communications exchanger through a plurality of signal lines. Each of the base stations is provided therein with a signal line allocating function unit for selecting a particular signal line from a plurality of signal lines and for allocating a communication slot for a mobile station dominated by the base station at a particular slot position on the selected signal line, a radio channel allocating function unit for allocating a communication slot for the mobile station dominated by the base station at a particular slot position on a radio transmission channel at a particular frequency, and a radio signal delay control unit for performing delay control for a timing at which the base station transmits a radio signal to the mobile station dominated by the base station.

Abstract: A mobile radio communications system having a plurality of base stations accommodating a plurality of mobile stations through radio transmission channels, each of the base stations being connected to a mobile communications exchanger through a plurality of signal lines. Each of the base stations is provided therein with a signal line allocating function unit for selecting a particular signal line from a plurality of signal lines and for allocating a communication slot for a mobile station dominated by the base station at a particular slot position on the selected signal line, a radio channel allocating function unit for allocating a communication slot for the mobile station dominated by the base station at a particular slot position on a radio transmission channel at a particular frequency, and a radio signal delay control unit for performing delay control for a timing at which the base station transmits a radio signal to the mobile station dominated by the base station.

Abstract: A mobile radio communications system having a plurality of base stations accommodating a plurality of mobile stations through radio transmission channels, each of the base stations being connected to a mobile communications exchanger through a plurality of signal lines. Each of the base stations is provided therein with a signal line allocating function unit for selecting a particular signal line from a plurality of signal lines and for allocating a communication slot for a mobile station dominated by the base station at a particular slot position on the selected signal line, a radio channel allocating function unit for allocating a communication slot for the mobile station dominated by the base station at a particular slot position on a radio transmission channel at a particular frequency, and a radio signal delay control unit for performing delay control for a timing at which the base station transmits a radio signal to the mobile station dominated by the base station.