Abstract: A method of discharge processing of a semiconductor comprises the steps of: providing a low-resistivity portion on the semiconductor; and application of a given voltage through the low-resistivity portion between the semiconductor and a tool electrode suitably positioned with respect to the semiconductor to discharge the voltage. In the conventional photolithography technique, formation of a through-hole with a good straightness is difficult because of side etching. On the other hand, the prior art discharge processing is difficult to process a semiconductor because a potential barrier occurs, so that a high voltage is required for discharge processing. However, the high voltage deteriorates the semiconductor. In the discharge processing of the invention, a relative low voltage can be used for discharge processing of a semiconductor by providing the low-resistivity portion on the semiconductor. The low-resistivity portion may be formed by deposition of aluminum.

Abstract: A riding simulation apparatus comprises a color picture image signal generating apparatus for outputting video image information of a forward field of view of the rider and video image information of the rear of the rider, a display apparatus for receiving the video image information outputted from the color picture image signal generating apparatus, masking a picture image based on the video image information of the rear of the rider and reflecting a video image based on the image information of the forward field of view of the rider on a flat screen provided at a position forwardly of the rider, and a pair of left and right liquid crystal television sets provided at the positions of back mirrors of the simulation motorcycle for receiving the video image information of the rear of the rider and displaying a picture image based on the video image information of the rear of the rider.

Abstract: A pen-type computer input device is used to move a cursor on the display of a computer system or enter data such as of figures, letters, numerals, or the like into a computer system. The pen-type computer input device includes a shank, a ball rotatably supported on the tip end of the shank, a pair of rotatable members rotatable about X and Y axes extending perpendicularly to each other and held in rolling contact with the ball, and a rotation detector for detecting the direction in which the rotatable members rotate and the distance by which the rotatable members move. Since the rotation of the ball is directly transmitted to the rotatable members and the distance by which the rotatable members move is detected, the pen-type computer input device is small in size and can easily be handled.

Abstract: A pen-type input device for computers includes a ball rotatably supported by an end of a pen-like elongate handle and rotatable in response to the movement of the pen-type input device for causing one or both of first and second rotating detection members to rotate about their own axes extending perpendicular to one another, and a pattern on each respective rotating detecting member having a series of alternating light-reflecting portions and light-absorbing portions for receiving light projected from a light-emitting device and for reflecting light back to a light-sensitive device which in turn sends an electric detection signal to a detecting circuit of a circuit board. The direction of rotation and the amount of movement of each respective rotating member is detected by the detecting circuit and the detected data are sent to a computer whereby a curve corresponding to the movement of the ball is created on a display surface of the computer.

Abstract: A pen-type computer input device is used to move a cursor on the display of a computer system or enter data such as of figures, letters, numerals, or the like into a computer system. The pen-type computer input device includes a shank, a pen nib disposed on the tip end of the shank, and a sensor disposed in the shank, for detecting the directions in which and the distances by which the pen nib moves in two perpendicular directions in a plane, in response to movement of the pen nib, and for producing an output signal representative of the directions and distances. Since the sensor can detect the distance by which the pen nib moves without any mechanical motion transmitting mechanism incorporated in the pen nib, the pen-type computer input device may be small in size and can be handled with ease.

Abstract: A synchronous operation control system for a numerically controlled machine such as a gear grinding machine or a hobbing machine includes a first motor for rotating a master shaft supporting a tool, a second motor for rotating a slave shaft, and a workpiece shaft operatively coupled to the slave shaft for supporting a workpiece which is to be machined by the tool. First and second encoders are coupled respectively to the master and slave shafts. Processors are provided for differentiating output signals from the first and second encoders with respect to time and thereafter calculating at least positional errors between the master, slave, and workpiece shafts. In addition, an adder is provided for adding output signals from the processors and applying an output signal to the second motor.

Abstract: A pen-type computer input device is used to move a cursor on the display of a computer system or enter data such as of figures, letters, numerals, or the like into a computer system. The pen-type computer input device includes a shank, a ball rotatably supported on the tip end of the shank, the ball having a plurality of identifiable regions on an outer peripheral surface thereof, and a circuit including a sensor unit for detecting the identifiable regions in response to rotation of the ball, and for detecting the directions in which the ball rotates and the distances by which the ball moves two perpendicular directions in a plane, and producing an output signal representative of the directions and distances. Since the sensor unit can detect the distance by which the pen-type computer input device moves without any mechanical motion transmitting mechanism incorporated in the shank, the pen-type computer input device may be small in size and can be handled with ease.

Abstract: An apparatus for working an aspherical surface on a workpiece including a mechanism for adjusting a position of a workpiece in a horizontal direction, a rotary table having a vertical axis of rotation rotatably mounted on the adjusting mechanism, the rotary table including a work chuck for holding a workpiece on the rotary table, a spindle having a tool on a lower end thereof, a mechanism for rotating the spindle around an axial direction thereof and a compressed spring for supporting the spindle. A first mechanism adjusts a position of the tool in the axial direction of the spindle, the first mechanism including a sliding plate for sliding the spindle in the axial direction thereof.

Abstract: An electric discharge machining system of machining a microshaft by electric discharge made between the microshaft and a conductive wire used as a working tool. The microshaft is vertically supported by a bearing to be rotatable about its own axis and movable up and down in directions of the axis by a microshaft driving device and the wire is arranged to travel in a direction of its own axis and to be movable in directions close to and away from the microshaft by a wire driving device, whereby the wire is relatively movable with respect to the microshaft in horizontal and vertical directions.

Abstract: Processing of plural works can be made simultaneously by using divided laser beams which is issued from one large Co.sub.2 laser beam source, the dividing being made by one or more rotary chopper mirror(s) comprising reflecting parts and light passing parts, and its ration and pulsive start and stop of laser oscillation are controlled in interrelated manner and by controlling the duty time of the laser oscillation in PWM manner. The distribution of powers of the laser beams divided by the rotary chopper mirrors is desirably selectable, thereby enabling simultaneous processing of plural works under the different processing conditions.

Abstract: In a polygon mirror construction comprising a polygon mirror with a hole formed at the central position for passing through a shaft of a motor and a supporting means fixed to the shaft of the motor for supporting the polygon mirror, and a space, a groove or a heat insulating plate is formed between the polygon mirror and the supporting means, thereby a heat rise of the polygon mirror is prevented and high accuracy of the polygon mirror construction is assured.