Abstract: The present invention provides an optical recording medium realizing reduced manufacturing cost of the optical recording medium. An optical recording medium 10 includes: a substrate 1; a recording layer 2 formed on the substrate 1, containing In, Sn, Pd, and oxygen, and containing oxygen atoms more than stoichiometric composition of the case where the In and the Sn are completely oxidized; and a light transmission layer 3 formed on the recording layer 2.

Abstract: [Object] To provide an optical recording layer that is capable of controlling a reflectance and a transmittance of each recording layer and obtaining good recording properties in each recording layer [Solving Means] An optical recording medium 10 includes a substrate 11 and two or more layers of recording layers 121, 122, and 123 that contain Pd, O, and M (M is one or more elements of Zn, Al, In, and Sn), O is contained in an amount greater than a stoichiometric composition thereof when M is completely oxidized (into ZnO, Al2O3, In2O3, and SnO2), and in a case where a recording layer is an nth recording layer of the two or more layers of recording layers 121, 122, and 123 as counted from an opposite side of an incident side of recording light, a Pd content therein is less than that in an n?1th recording layer.

Abstract: [Object] To provide an optical recording medium that can be applied to a write-once optical recording medium having a high capacity of about 25 GB per one layer, and has good recording properties when a multilayered recording layer configuration is provided. [Solving Means] It includes a substrate 21 and two to four recording layers 221 and 222. At least one or more of these recording layers 221 and 222 are specific recording layers with a composition containing PdO and PdO2 as well as at least one of completely oxidized In, Zn, Al and Sn (in other words, In2O3, ZnO, Al2O3 and SnO2). Adjacent to the specific recording layers, dielectric layers 232a and 232b of In/Al oxide layers containing at least either of In or Al as a main component are disposed.

Abstract: An optical recording medium includes: a substrate; an information recording layer that is formed on the substrate and that has a recording film, which contains Zn or Al, Pd, and oxygen and in which the amount of oxygen is larger than that in a stoichiometric composition when Zn or Al is completely oxidized to become ZnO or Al2O3; and a light transmissive layer formed on the information recording layer.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium includes: a substrate; two or more information signal layers provided on the substrate; and a cover layer provided on the information signal layers. At least one of the two or more information signal layers is provided with an inorganic recording layer including Pd oxide, a first protective layer provided on a first main surface of the inorganic recording layer, and a second protective layer provided on a second main surface of the inorganic recording layer. And at least one of the first protective layer and the second protective layer includes a compound oxide of Si oxide, In oxide and Zr oxide as a main component.

Abstract: A recording layer for optical information recording medium excellent in recording property, an optical information recording medium including the recording layer and a sputtering target useful for formation of the recording layer are provided. A recording layer for an optical information recording medium on which recording is performed through irradiation with laser light, the recording layer including an oxide of a metal of which an absolute value of the standard free energy of oxide formation per 1 mol of oxygen is larger than that of Pd (hereinafter referred to metal X) and a Pd oxide, wherein the Pd oxide includes a Pd monoxide and a Pd dioxide, and wherein a ratio of the Pd atom to a total of the metal X atom and the Pd atom which are contained in the recording layer is 4 to 85 atomic %.

Abstract: A two-photon absorption material represented by the following General Formula (I): where R1 to R8 each represent hydrogen, halogen, a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid ester group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group; one to three of X1 to X4 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted aminophenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminophenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted N,N-diphenyl-aminophenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted indolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted azulenyl group, and the other represents or the others each represent hydrogen, halogen, a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid ester group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a perhalogenoalkyl group; and M represents two hydrogen atoms or a divalent, trivalent or tetravalent metal atom which may have oxygen or

Abstract: A photosensitized composite material and a material, an element, a device, and the like, which employ the photosensitized composite material, are provided. In the photosensitized composite material, multiphoton absorption compounds are highly sensitized for practical use by utilizing an enhanced plasmon field. The photosensitized composite material has a structure where the multiphoton absorption compounds are linked to the surface of a fine metal particle through linking groups. The fine metal particle generates an enhanced surface plasmon field in resonance with a multiphoton excitation wavelength. The multiphoton absorption compounds have a molecular structure enabling multiphoton absorption.

Abstract: A light source unit comprises a plurality of light sources emitting a plurality of light beams. A plurality of volume hologram elements are provided for the plurality of light sources respectively, each volume hologram element having a plane of incidence of an incoming light beam and a plane of outgoing radiation of a diffracted light beam which are perpendicular to each other, the plurality of volume hologram elements having mutually different Bragg conditions in which an optical intensity of a diffracted light beam is set to a maximum.

Abstract: An optical disc recording medium is irradiated with laser light having a predetermined laser power to deform an irradiated portion of a substrate into a protruding portion. Since the substrate is deformed so as to have protruding portions, a reflecting layer arranged on the substrate is also deformed so as to have protruding portions. For a pit, the deformed state of a protruding portion allows to obtain a reproduced signal level equivalent to that in each land. For a land, the deformed state of a protruding portion allows to obtain a reproduced signal level equivalent to that in each pit. Since the deformed state of each protruding portion can be controlled on the basis of the power of the laser light for irradiation, pit-to-land deformation and land-to-pit deformation can be performed by setting the laser power. Thus, recorded data can be rewritten on the optical disc recording medium recorded with the data using a combination of pits and lands formed in the substrate.

Abstract: Plurality of current mirror circuits CM1 to CM5 at which the same amount of current I1 flows in the circuits. Transistors Qa4/Qb5 are ON state when it is in the steady state. Transistors Qa5/Qb7 turn ON and transistors Qb6/Qa6 turn OFF when a voltage generation circuit 3 applies a voltage more than predetermined value V12 to node N3. Therefore node N3 becomes fixed voltage V12. On the other hand, voltage generation circuit 3 applies a voltage less than predetermined value V23 to node N3, transistors Qb5/Qa6 turn ON, and transistors Qa5/Qb7 turn OFF. Accordingly, the node N3 becomes fixed voltage V23.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical recording medium realizing reduced manufacturing cost of the optical recording medium. An optical recording medium 10 includes: a substrate 1; a recording layer 2 formed on the substrate 1, containing In, Sn, Pd, and oxygen, and containing oxygen atoms more than stoichiometric composition of the case where the In and the Sn are completely oxidized; and a light transmission layer 3 formed on the recording layer 2.

Abstract: A hydrogen producing apparatus according to the present invention includes a hydrogen-generating-material containing vessel 1 for containing a hydrogen generating material, a water containing vessel 2 for containing water, a water supply portion for supplying water from the water containing vessel 2 to the hydrogen-generating-material containing vessel 1, a hydrogen outflow portion for leading out hydrogen from the hydrogen-generating-material containing vessel 1, a gas-liquid separating part 7 for separating water from a mixture of hydrogen and water discharged from the hydrogen-generating-material containing vessel 1, and a water collecting portion for collecting water separated by the gas-liquid separating part 7 into the water containing vessel 2.

Abstract: A liquid surface level control method for an ion-exchange resin tower according to the present invention comprises steps of determining an operation signal (S18, S28, S38) of a discharge device of liquid (6) to be discharged from the ion-exchange resin tower (2a, 2b, 2c), based on a liquid surface level PID operation signal obtained by calculating a liquid surface level signal (S12) in a PID way and a supply flow rate signal (S10, S18, S28) supplied to the ion-exchange resin tower (2a, 2b, 2c), and moving the liquid surface level (6a) close to the target liquid surface level. Preferably, the interface level (4a) is detected by means of an interface level sensor (52), and the target liquid surface level is increased or decreased according to the increase/decrease of the interface level (4a). The interface level sensor (52) includes a plurality of light emitting parts and a plurality of light receiving parts which are opposite to each other in a one-to-one relation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydrogen generator capable of estimating the remaining amount of hydrogen without adding a detection means, which leads to an increase in the cost, and a fuel cell system including the hydrogen generator.

Abstract: A production method for an optical recording medium including a substrate, an information recording layer, and a light transmission layer, includes: molding the substrate; forming on the substrate the information recording layer so as to have a multilayer structure including a layer that has been sputtered under a first deposition condition and a layer that has been sputtered under a second deposition condition with use of targets of the same composition; and forming the light transmission layer on the information recording layer.

Abstract: There is provided a method of manufacturing an optical recording medium capable of reducing a manufacturing cost of an optical recording medium. When manufacturing an optical recording medium 10 including a recording layer 2 formed on a substrate 1, and a light transmitting layer 3 formed on the recording layer 2, the method of manufacturing the optical recording medium includes a step of forming the recording layer 2 containing In and/or Sn, Pd, and oxygen through a use of sputtering method by using an In2O3 target and/or a SnO2 target, and a Pd target while allowing an oxygen gas and a nitrogen gas to flow.

Abstract: An optical recording medium includes: a substrate; an information recording layer that is formed on the substrate and that has a recording film, which contains Zn or Al, Pd, and oxygen and in which the amount of oxygen is larger than that in a stoichiometric composition when Zn or Al is completely oxidized to become ZnO or Al2O3; and a light transmissive layer formed on the information recording layer.

Abstract: A hydrogen generating material reacts with water to produce hydrogen and includes at least one metal material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, and their alloys. The metal material includes particles with a particle size of 60 ?m or less in a proportion of 80 wt % or more. The hydrogen generating material can produce hydrogen easily and efficiently at low temperatures. A hydrogen generator can be made portable by using the hydrogen generating material. Moreover, the use of the hydrogen generating material as a hydrogen fuel source can reduce the size of a fuel cell and improve the electrical efficiency.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator of the present invention has a vessel for containing a hydrogen generating material including a metallic material for generating hydrogen by an exothermic reaction with water. The vessel includes a water supply pipe for supplying water into the vessel and a hydrogen outlet for discharging hydrogen generated in the vessel to the outside of the vessel. In the hydrogen generator, a wall surface of the vessel facing the hydrogen outlet is set as a reference plane, a water supply port at the end of the water supply pipe disposed inside the vessel is disposed in the vicinity of the reference plane, the water supply pipe includes a perpendicular portion extending from the vicinity of the center of the reference plane in a direction perpendicular to the reference plane, and a water absorbent is disposed on the periphery of the perpendicular portion of the water supply pipe and not disposed on a portion of 15% or more of an effective length of the perpendicular portion on the hydrogen outlet side.