Abstract: By doping an organic compound functioning as an electron donor (hereinafter referred to as donor molecules) into an organic compound layer contacting a cathode, donor levels can be formed between respective LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) levels between the cathode and the organic compound layer, and therefore electrons can be injected from the cathode, and transmission of the injected electrons can be performed with good efficiency. Further, there are no problems such as excessive energy loss, deterioration of the organic compound layer itself, and the like accompanying electron movement, and therefore an increase in the electron injecting characteristics and a decrease in the driver voltage can both be achieved without depending on the work function of the cathode material.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer is formed by dropping liquid crystal by a dropping method, a surface of a sealant which is formed over a first substrate is cured by a first cure treatment before dropping the liquid crystal, and then the liquid crystal is dropped. A second substrate has a plurality of projections in a sealant adhesive region. The first substrate and the second substrate are attached to each other with the liquid crystal interposed therebetween so that the plurality of projections is in contact with an uncured region in the sealant formed over the first substrate.

Abstract: It is an object to prevent disordered orientation of liquid crystal molecules which is due to division of substrates even when a liquid crystal dripping method is used, and to provide a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device in which liquid crystal is not adversely affected even when a sealant not cured and liquid crystal are in contact. In a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal dripping method, a scribe groove is provided for at least one of a pair of substrates with a diamond cutter or the like before the pair of substrates are attached under reduced pressure. After the scribing, the pair of substrates are attached under reduced pressure, heat treatment for curing the sealant and aligning the liquid crystal molecules is performed, and the substrates are divided by applying impact using a breaking apparatus.

Abstract: Smectic liquid crystal is dropped by a dropping method in which a plurality of droplets of smectic liquid crystal are dropped to an alignment film so that the droplets are aligned in a line which is parallel to a rubbing direction of the alignment film which is formed in a region surrounded by a seal pattern of a sealant having an opening over a substrate. Excess liquid crystal is drained away from the seal pattern of a sealant through the opening of the seal pattern.

Abstract: To prevent alignment disorder of liquid crystal molecules, which is caused in manufacturing steps, and to manufacture a liquid crystal display device including a uniform liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned with high accuracy. In addition, to provide a technique for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device which is capable of fast response and high performance, and has high image quality with reduced display defects, with high yield. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, including dropping smectic liquid crystal by a dropping method in which a plurality of droplets of smectic liquid crystal are dropped to an alignment film so that the droplets are aligned in a line which is parallel to a rubbing direction of the alignment film which is formed in a region surrounded by a seal pattern of a sealant over a substrate.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an antireflective film having an anti-reflection function with which reflection of incident light from external can be further reduced and a high-visibility display device having such an antireflective film. The tops of the plurality of pyramidal projections are evenly spaced and each side of the base of a pyramidal projection is in contact with one side of the base of an adjacent pyramidal projection. That is, one pyramidal projection is surrounded by other pyramidal projections, and the base of the pyramidal projection and the base of the adjacent pyramidal projection have a side in common.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a high-visibility antireflection film having an antireflection function which can further reduce reflection and a display device that has the antireflection film. A plurality of projections in a pyramidal shape (hereinafter, referred to as pyramidal projection) that are adjacent to each other are provided, and the refractive index of the projection is made to change by the physical pyramidal shape to the outer side (air side) from a surface of a display screen, so that reflection of light is prevented. In addition, the plurality of pyramidal projections are each covered with a film formed of a material having a higher refractive index than the pyramidal projections.

Abstract: To provide a PDP and an FED with high visibility, having an anti-reflection function capable of reducing reflection of incident light from external. An anti-reflection layer including a plurality of pyramid-shaped projections, apexes of which are provided at equal intervals and in which each side of a base which forms a pyramid shape of one of the plurality of pyramid-shaped projections is in contact with a side of a base which forms a pyramid shape of an adjacent pyramid-shaped projection, is included. In other words, one pyramid-shaped projection is surrounded by other pyramid-shaped projections, and the base of the pyramid-shaped projection shares a side of a base with the base of the adjacent pyramid-shaped projection.

Abstract: The package structure may includes: a sensor chip having a detecting device formed on a front surface of a substrate; through electrodes that are arranged at predetermined positions of the substrate around the detecting device, electrically insulated at circumferences thereof, pierce the substrate from the front surface to a rear surface, are connected with lead patterns of the detecting device on the front surface side, and connected with signal fetching means for the outside on the rear surface side; a flow path body on which the sensor chip is mounted and which has a flow path (a conduction path) for a fluid being formed on a surface facing the detecting device and sealing means.

Abstract: An object is to provide an anti-reflection film which has an anti-reflection function capable of further reducing reflection of incident light from external, and has excellent visibility, and a display device having the anti-reflection film. A plurality of adjacent hexagonal pyramidal projections is geometrically provided, so that reflection of light is prevented. A refractive index is changed from a display screen surface side to the outside (the air side) because of a physical form that is a hexagonal pyramid. The plurality of hexagonal pyramidal projections can be provided without gaps therebetween and each of six side surfaces thereof is provided at an different angle from a base; thus, light can be sufficiently scattered in many directions.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a plasma display and a field emission display that each have high visibility and an anti-reflection function that can further reduce reflection of incident light from external. Reflection of light can be prevented by having an anti-reflection layer that geometrically includes a plurality of adjacent pyramidal projections. In addition, a plurality of hexagonal pyramidal projections, each of which is provided with a protective layer formed of a material having a lower refractive index than a refractive index of the pyramidal projection so as to fill a space among the plurality of pyramidal projections, can be provided to be packed together without any spaces. Further, six sides of a pyramidal projection face different directions with respect to a base. Therefore, light can be diffused in many directions efficiently.

Abstract: An anti-reflection film that can provide high visibility and has an anti-reflection function by which reflection of incident light from external can be further reduced, and a display device having such an anti-reflection film. A plurality of contiguous pyramidal projections is arranged in a geometric pattern, so that reflection of incident light is prevented. In addition, a protective layer formed of a material having a lower refractive index than the pyramidal projections is provided so as to fill a space between the plurality of pyramidal projections. The plurality of pyramidal projections has a hexagonal shape and can be densely arranged with no space therebetween. Further, since six sides of each pyramidal projection are provided at a different angle from the base, light can be effectively scattered in many directions.

Abstract: To provide a plasma display panel and a field emission display having an anti-reflection function which can further reduce reflection of incident light from an external source. By providing an anti-reflection layer which geometrically includes a plurality of adjacent hexagonal pyramid-shaped projections, reflection of light is prevented. The reflective index changes from a surface side of display screen to an out side (an atmosphere side) due to a physical shape of a hexagonal pyramid. The plurality of hexagonal pyramid-shaped projections can be provided densely without any space remaining, and six surfaces of side of the hexagonal pyramid-shaped projection are each provided at different angles to a base surface. Therefore, light ray can be effectively scattered in many directions.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a PDP and an FED with excellent visibility and a high level of reliability that each have an antireflective function by which reflection of external light can be reduced. A plurality of adjacent pyramidal-shaped projections and an antireflective layer equipped with a covering film that covers the projections are provided. The reflection of light is prevented by the index of refraction of incident light from external being changed by a pyramid, which is a physical shape, projecting out toward an external side (atmosphere side) of a substrate that is to be used as a display screen as well as by the covering film used to cover the projections being formed of a material that has a higher index of refraction than the index of refraction of the pyramidal projection.

Abstract: The luminance of different colors of light emitted from EL elements in a pixel portion of a light emitting device is equalized and the luminance of light emitted from the EL elements is raised. The pixel portion of the light emitting device has EL elements whose EL layers contain triplet compounds and EL elements whose EL layers contain singlet compounds in combination. The luminance of light emitted from the plural EL elements is thus equalized. Furthermore, a hole transporting layer has a laminate structure to thereby cause the EL elements to emit light of higher luminance.

Abstract: By doping an organic compound functioning as an electron donor (hereinafter referred to as donor molecules) into an organic compound layer contacting a cathode, donor levels can be formed between respective LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) levels between the cathode and the organic compound layer, and therefore electrons can be injected from the cathode, and transmission of the injected electrons can be performed with good efficiency. Further, there are no problems such as excessive energy loss, deterioration of the organic compound layer itself, and the like accompanying electron movement, and therefore an increase in the electron injecting characteristics and a decrease in the driver voltage can both be achieved without depending on the work function of the cathode material.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device which performs image display by controlling a liquid crystal layer by a lateral electric field that is parallel with a substrate, the lateral electric field is formed by a black matrix and a pixel electrode. That is, a common electrode and a black matrix are commonized which are separately provided conventionally. Further, a storage capacitor is formed in an area where the black matrix and a pixel line coextend with a third interlayer insulating film interposed in between. Since the storage capacitor is formed by using all the area where a thin-film transistor is covered with the black matrix, sufficient capacitance can be secured even if the widths of electrodes and wiring lines are reduced in the future.

Abstract: To provide a novel and extremely effective structure of a liquid crystal display device in which the lowering of reflectivity due to the formation of orientation films can be prevented, a method of manufacturing the display device of the present invention comprises forming a concave or convex portion on a reflection electrode, forming a dielectric multi-layer film thereon, to thereby obtain the liquid crystal display device excellent in reflection characteristics and diffused reflection characteristics.

Abstract: A display device capable of displaying on both screens and switching between vertical and horizontal display, and a driving method thereof. Each pixel comprises a first region including a first light emitting element, and a second region including a second light emitting element. The first region has a bottom emission structure whereas the second region has a top emission structure. The display device comprises a source signal line driver circuit for driving the pixel, a first gate signal line driver circuit having a scan direction perpendicular to that of the source signal line driver circuit, and a second gate signal line driver circuit having a scan direction perpendicular to that of the first gate signal line driver circuit. In a normal display, the first gate signal line driver circuit performs perpendicular scanning, and when switching between vertical and horizontal display, the second gate signal line driver circuit performs perpendicular scanning.

Abstract: A light-emitting device is disclosed capable of reducing the variation of an emission spectrum depending on an angle of viewing a light extraction surface. More particularly, a light-emitting device is disclosed capable of preventing impurities from dispersing from a light-emitting element into a thin film transistor as well as reducing the variation of an emission spectrum depending on an angle of viewing a light extraction surface. The disclosed light-emitting device comprises a substrate; a first insulating layer provided over the substrate; a transistor provided over the first insulating layer; and a second insulating layer having a first opening portion so that the transistor is covered and the substrate is exposed; wherein a light-emitting element is provided inside the first opening portion.