Abstract: In a horizontal electric field drive type liquid crystal electro-optic device wherein a liquid crystal material is driven by controlling the strength of an electric field parallel to a substrate, noncontinuity of the electric field strength around each pixel electrode is minimized and thereby the occurrence of flaws in the orientation of the liquid crystal material and dispersion in operation are reduced and a construction having improved display characteristics and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. In a horizontal electric field drive type liquid crystal electro-optic device wherein a gate electrode 403, a source electrode 407, a drain electrode 408, a semiconductor film 406 and a common electrode 404 are formed on a glass substrate and a liquid crystal material is driven by controlling the strength of an electric field substantially parallel to the glass substrate, the electrodes and the semiconductor film are made curved, for example semi-circular or semi-elliptical, in sectional profile.

Abstract: The luminance of different colors of light emitted from EL elements in a pixel portion of a light emitting device is equalized and the luminance of light emitted from the EL elements is raised. The pixel portion of the light emitting device has EL elements whose EL layers contain triplet compounds and EL elements whose EL layers contain singlet compounds in combination. The luminance of light emitted from the plural EL elements is thus equalized. Furthermore, a hole transporting layer has a laminate structure to thereby cause the EL elements to emit light of higher luminance.

Abstract: A display device is disclosed. The display device has a first substrate having a thin film transistor connected to a pixel electrode. Further, the display device has a second substrate opposed to the first substrate and having a resin black matrix.

Abstract: Techniques for successively fabricating liquid crystal cells at low cost, using two resinous substrates wound on their respective rolls. A color filter and an electrode pattern are formed by printing techniques. Furthermore, an orientation film is printed. These manufacturing steps are carried out successively by rotating various rolls.

Abstract: The luminance of different colors of light emitted from EL elements in a pixel portion of a light emitting device is equalized and the luminance of light emitted from the EL elements is raised. The pixel portion of the light emitting device has EL elements whose EL layers contain triplet compounds and EL elements whose EL layers contain singlet compounds in combination. The luminance of light emitted from the plural EL elements is thus equalized. Furthermore, a hole transporting layer has a laminate structure to thereby cause the EL elements to emit light of higher luminance.

Abstract: A brighter active matrix type liquid crystal electro-optical device with a higher contrast, yet having a wider visual angle is realized, said liquid crystal electro-optical device comprises a liquid crystal layer and means for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer in the direction parallel to the substrate, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises a liquid crystal material dispersed in a polymer material. Also a liquid crystal electro-optical device comprising a liquid crystal layer disposed on a substrate is included, wherein the transmission mode or the dispersion mode of an incident light is selected by an electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer in the direction parallel to the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device which performs image display by controlling a liquid crystal layer by a lateral electric field that is parallel with a substrate, the lateral electric field is formed by a black matrix and a pixel electrode. That is, a common electrode and a black matrix are commonized which are separately provided conventionally. Further, a storage capacitor is formed in an area where the black matrix and a pixel line coextend with a third interlayer insulating film interposed in between. Since the storage capacitor is formed by using all the area where a thin-film transistor is covered with the black matrix, sufficient capacitance can be secured even if the widths of electrodes and wiring lines are reduced in the future.

Abstract: To provide a novel liquid crystal display device comprising a light reflection layer where light is likely to more effectively reflect, and a method of manufacturing the same. The present invention can realize high resolution and high opening rate by using a dielectric multi-layer film as the light reflection layer to form thereon a pixel electrode consisting of a transparent conductive films.

Abstract: Techniques for successively fabricating liquid crystal cells at low cost, using two resinous substrates wound on their respective rolls. A color filter and an electrode pattern are formed by printing techniques. Furthermore, an orientation film is printed. These manufacturing steps are carried out successively by rotating various rolls.

Abstract: A reflection type liquid crystal display panel is arranged such that between an active matrix substrate and an opposing substrate there are provided thin film transistors, interlayer insulating film, pixel electrodes, light reflecting films, orientation film, phase transition type guest/host liquid crystal, orientation film, opposing electrode, and color filter in this order. The pixel electrodes are disposed on the active matrix substrate in the form of a matrix with the interlayer insulating film interposed therebetween and also are respectively connected to the thin film transistors. The light reflecting films are each formed by the upper surface of the pixel electrode per se being made into a porous layer. The porous layer formed as the light reflecting film can make the light scattering large in amount and can also reflect the light in a desired direction by changing its pore size or depth.

Abstract: In a sealing method of a top-emission organic light emitting element, in the case of using a method of filling with a sealing agent between a substrate mounted with pixels and an opposed substrate, the organic light-emitting element is degraded by ultraviolet rays when irradiation of the ultraviolet rays is performed toward the pixels in order to achieve ultraviolet curing of the sealing agent filling on the pixels. It is an object of the present invention to propose a method for avoiding this phenomenon to provide an organic light-emitting device with superior stability. In order for a sealing agent 13 filling on a pixel portion 14 to have a larger absorbance to ultraviolet rays, an ultraviolet-absorbent material is dispersed in a sealing agent to make an adjustment so that the absorbance of ultraviolet absorption wavelength of 400 nm or less becomes 1 or more.

Abstract: A display device capable of displaying on both screens and switching between vertical and horizontal display, and a driving method thereof. Each pixel comprises a first region including a first light emitting element, and a second region including a second light emitting element. The first region has a bottom emission structure whereas the second region has a top emission structure. The display device comprises a source signal line driver circuit for driving the pixel, a first gate signal line driver circuit having a scan direction perpendicular to that of the source signal line driver circuit, and a second gate signal line driver circuit having a scan direction perpendicular to that of the first gate signal line driver circuit. In a normal display, the first gate signal line driver circuit performs perpendicular scanning, and when switching between vertical and horizontal display, the second gate signal line driver circuit performs perpendicular scanning.

Abstract: In an active matrix semiconductor display device in which pixel TFTs and driver circuit TFT are formed on the same substrate in an integral manner, the cell gap is controlled by gap retaining members that are disposed between a pixel area and driver circuit areas. This makes it possible to provide a uniform cell thickness profile over the entire semiconductor display device. Further, since conventional grainy spacers are not used, stress is not imposed on the driver circuit TFTs when a TFT substrate and an opposed substrate are bonded together. This prevents the driver circuit TFTs from being damaged.

Abstract: There is provided a film formation apparatus which is capable of forming an EL layer using an EL material with high purity. The EL material is purified by sublimation immediately before film formation in the film formation apparatus, to thereby remove oxygen, water, and another impurity, which are included in the EL material. Also, when film formation is performed using the EL material (high purity EL material) obtained by purifying with sublimation as an evaporation source, a high purity EL layer can be formed.

Abstract: In an active matrix semiconductor display device in which pixel TFTs and driver circuit TFT are formed on the same substrate in an integral manner, the cell gap is controlled by gap retaining members that are disposed between a pixel area and driver circuit areas. This makes it possible to provide a uniform cell thickness profile over the entire semiconductor display device. Further, since conventional grainy spacers are not used, stress is not imposed on the driver circuit TFTs when a TFT substrate and an opposed substrate are bonded together. This prevents the driver circuit TFTs from being damaged.

Abstract: In a horizontal electric field drive type liquid crystal electro-optic device wherein a liquid crystal material is driven by controlling the strength of an electric field parallel to a substrate, noncontinuity of the electric field strength around each pixel electrode is minimized and thereby the occurrence of flaws in the orientation of the liquid crystal material and dispersion in operation are reduced and a construction having improved display characteristics and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. In a horizontal electric field drive type liquid crystal electro-optic device wherein a gate electrode 403, a source electrode 407, a drain electrode 408, a semiconductor film 406 and a common electrode 404 are formed on a glass substrate and a liquid crystal material is driven by controlling the strength of an electric field substantially parallel to the glass substrate, the electrodes and the semiconductor film are made curved, for example semi-circular or semi-elliptical, in sectional profile.

Abstract: To provide a novel and extremely effective structure of a liquid crystal display device in which the lowering of reflectivity due to the formation of orientation films can be prevented, a method of manufacturing the display device of the present invention comprises forming a concave or convex portion on a reflection electrode, forming a dielectric multi-layer film thereon, to thereby obtain the liquid crystal display device excellent in reflection characteristics and diffused reflection characteristics.

Abstract: A reflection type liquid crystal display panel is arranged such that between an active matrix substrate and an opposing substrate there are provided thin film transistors, interlayer insulating film, pixel electrodes, light reflecting films, orientation film, phase transition type guest/host liquid crystal, orientation film, opposing electrode, and color filter in this order. The pixel electrodes are disposed on the active matrix substrate in the form of a matrix with the interlayer insulating film interposed therebetween and also are respectively connected to the thin film transistors. The light reflecting films are each formed by the upper surface of the pixel electrode per se being made into a porous layer. The porous layer formed as the light reflecting film can make the light scattering large in amount and can also reflect the light in a desired direction by changing its pore size or depth.

Abstract: There is provided a film formation apparatus which is capable of forming an EL layer using an EL material with high purity. The EL material is purified by sublimation immediately before film formation in the film formation apparatus, to thereby remove oxygen, water, and another impurity, which are included in the EL material. Also, when film formation is performed using the EL material (high purity EL material) obtained by purifying with sublimation as an evaporation source, a high purity EL layer can be formed.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device which performs image display by controlling a liquid crystal layer by a lateral electric field that is parallel with a substrate, the lateral electric field is formed by a black matrix and a pixel electrode. That is, a common electrode and a black matrix are commonized which are separately provided conventionally. Further, a storage capacitor is formed in an area where the black matrix and a pixel line coextend with a third interlayer insulating film interposed in between. Since the storage capacitor is formed by using all the area where a thin-film transistor is covered with the black matrix, sufficient capacitance can be secured even if the widths of electrodes wiring lines are reduced in the future.