Abstract: An electromagnetic relay includes an electromagnet block having coils wound about the bodies of spools through which iron cores are provided. The electromagnet block is accommodated in a concave part that opens upward of a box-shaped case such that the shaft centers of the iron cores can be orthogonal to the bottom surface of the box-shaped case. The electromagnet block is excited and demagnetized by the passage and break of electric current through the coils so that a contact mechanism can be driven by a movable iron piece that is absorbed to and leaves magnetic pole portions at the upper ends of the iron cores. In this case, the electromagnet block is hung at the upper opening edge of the box-shaped case such that a space can be provided between the bottom surface of the box-shaped case and the electromagnet block.

Abstract: A switching device which can be small-sized by improving a shielding performance and can improve the reliability of switching characteristics. A permanent magnet disposed near stationary contacts is arranged in its pole-face perpendicularly of the axis of a moving contact member.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a solid state imaging apparatus comprises the steps of preparing a semiconductor wafer on which a plurality of solid state imaging devices are formed, grinding an opposite side of a surface of the semiconductor wafer where the solid state imaging devices are formed, attaching the back grinded semiconductor wafer to a dicing ring via a dicing tape, performing a hydrophilicizing process to the back grinded semiconductor wafer attached to the dicing ring and to an adhesive of the dicing tape, dicing the hydrophilicized semiconductor wafer by a dicing blade and removing adhering material appeared by the dicing by performing rinsing that gives a low damage to the solid state imaging device. The manufacturing method of a solid state imaging apparatus wherein a dicing process can be performed without decreasing an optical property of a solid state imaging device can be provided.

Abstract: It is to provide a switching device that can be downsized and improved in reliability of the switching characteristic by making it difficult to damage and deteriorate a permanent magnet that is a component and by improving the shutoff performance. It is a switching device which makes a movable contact into/out of contact with a fixed contact, with a permanent magnet arranged in the vicinity of the fixed contact in a fixed contact terminal provided with the fixed contact on its free end. A narrow portion is formed between the fixed contact and the permanent magnet, hence to form an angle.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay includes an electromagnet block having coils wound about the bodies of spools through which iron cores are provided. The electromagnet block is accommodated in a concave part that opens upward of a box-shaped case such that the shaft centers of the iron cores can be orthogonal to the bottom surface of the box-shaped case. The electromagnet block is excited and demagnetized by the passage and break of electric current through the coils so that a contact mechanism can be driven by a movable iron piece that is absorbed to and leaves magnetic pole portions at the upper ends of the iron cores. In this case, the electromagnet block is hung at the upper opening edge of the box-shaped case such that a space can be provided between the bottom surface of the box-shaped case and the electromagnet block.

Abstract: It is to provide an electromagnetic relay that can perform the return operation of a movable iron piece quickly, free from a fear of welding the contact. In the electromagnetic relay, an iron core is penetrated through a through hole formed on the bottom surface of the aluminum case and coil is wound around the shaft of the protruding iron core. Through applying a voltage to the coil for magnetization and stopping the voltage for demagnetization, a contact mechanism is driven with a movable iron piece that is going and returning, attracted by and separated from a magnetic pole portion of the iron core. In particular, a slit for preventing generation of eddy current is provided on the opening end of the through hole.

Abstract: In the supporting structure of fixed contact terminals, a pair of fixed contact terminals with respective fixed contacts provided on their free ends are supported by fixed contact bases and the both ends of a movable contact piece contact with and separate from the pair of the fixed contacts. Cut-off grooves are provided on the surfaces of the fixed contact bases at each position near the fixed contacts, and they are formed in a converted T shape on a cross section, partitioning the pair of fixed contact terminals.

Abstract: The present invention intends to provide a sealing structure of a terminal that is low in a processing temperature for sealing, easy in sealing operation and high in the productivity. In the invention, the thermal expansion coefficient of a sealing material is made equivalent to or more than the linear expansion coefficient of a metallic sealing case block by adding inorganic filler to a liquid thermosetting polymer.

Abstract: A switching device of low power consumption type, in which magnetic pole portions 37c of a pair of iron cores 37 constructing an electromagnet block 30 are individually arranged on the bottom face of a sealing case 41. The other end portions of the paired iron cores 37 are connected to each other by a yoke 39. As the electromagnet block 30 is magnetized and demagnetized, the two end portions of a moving iron member 63 of a contact mechanism block 50 are attracted by and leave the paired magnetic pole portions 37c of the iron cores 37.

Abstract: A switching device of low power consumption type, in which magnetic pole portions 37c of a pair of iron cores 37 constructing an electromagnet block 30 are individually arranged on the bottom face of a sealing case 41. The other end portions of the paired iron cores 37 are connected to each other by a yoke 39. As the electromagnet block 30 is magnetized and demagnetized, the two end portions of a moving iron member 63 of a contact mechanism block 50 are attracted by and leave the paired magnetic pole portions 37c of the iron cores 37.

Abstract: A switching device which can be small-sized by improving a shielding performance and can improve the reliability of switching characteristics.

Abstract: A method for optimizing placement and routing includes producing a net list constituting circuit connection information in a hardware description language, executing logic synthesis of the net list to output a gate-level net list with optimized logic, determining clusterings based on logic gap information used for optimizing the logic, outputting clustering information expressing a particular determination, and executing placement and routing based on the gate-level net list and the clustering information.

Abstract: A method and a network architecture for mapping Internetworking Protocol (IP) multicast and Integrated Services (i.e. differing levels of quality of service) over asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks, based upon multicast switches, allowing IP/resource reservation protocol (RSVP) applications running on ATM hosts to seamlessly participate in Internet-wide multicast sessions. The method and architecture employ ATM capabilities to support features such as receiver heterogeneity, shortcut routing and scalability.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a solid-state image pickup device including the steps of preparing a package including a housing section to house a solid-state image pickup element chip and an opening section in an upper section thereof, sporadically applying adhesive with a predetermined thickness on a bottom surface of the housing section, moving the solid-state image pickup element toward the housing section, an upper surface of the package and an upper surface of the element each having desired parallelism with respect to a predetermined reference surface with high precision, bringing a rear surface of the solid-state image pickup element into contact with the adhesive and stopping the movement of the element before the element comes into contact with the bottom surface of the housing section, curing the adhesive while the solid-state image pickup element is floating on the adhesive and fixing the element in the housing section.

Abstract: An ultraviolet light measuring chip and a sensor are provided simple in structure, easy to handle and of high precise measurement. The chip comprises a first reaction chamber for detection of total received light and a second reaction chamber for detection of ultraviolet-cut received light. The first and second chambers contain or hold therein counter and reference electrodes immersed in coexistent electrolyte solution containing quinone, organic solvent and electrolyte the solution being also contained the chambers. The first chamber has a total light transmission window and a first working electrode immersed in the electrolyte solution. The second chamber has an ultraviolet-cut light transmission window and a second working electrode immersed in the electrolyte solution. The sensor is adapted to sweep voltages of the first and second working electrodes to the respective reference electrodes, detect respective currents and calculate out an amount of ultraviolet light from difference of the detected currents.

Abstract: Casing 5 is formed with a recess 67 toward an internal space in which the internal components are not located. The recess 67 is formed with a gate portion 69 as a resin inlet for forming the casing 5, and a bleeder portion 68 which is opened during a sealing operation and then sealed.

Abstract: An ultraviolet light measuring chip and a sensor are provided simple in structure, easy to handle and of high precise measurement. The chip comprises a first reaction chamber for detection of total received light and a second reaction chamber for detection of ultraviolet-cut received light. The first and second chambers contain or hold therein counter and reference electrodes immersed in coexistent electrolyte solution containing quinone, organic solvent and electrolyte the solution being also contained the chambers. The first chamber has a total light transmission window and a first working electrode immersed in the electrolyte solution. The second chamber has an ultraviolet-cut light transmission window and a second working electrode immersed in the electrolyte solution. The sensor is adapted to sweep voltages of the first and second working electrodes to the respective reference electrodes, detect respective currents and calculate out an amount of ultraviolet light from difference of the detected currents.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a solid-state image pickup device including the steps of preparing a package including a housing section to house a solid-state image pickup element chip and an opening section in an upper section thereof, sporadically applying adhesive with a predetermined thickness on a bottom surface of the housing section, moving the solid-state image pickup element toward the housing section, an upper surface of the package and an upper surface of the element each having desired parallelism with respect to a predetermined reference surface with high precision, bringing a rear surface of the solid-state image pickup element into contact with the adhesive and stopping the movement of the element before the element comes into contact with the bottom surface of the housing section, curing the adhesive while the solid-state image pickup element is floating on the adhesive and fixing the element in the housing section.

Abstract: An acidity measuring apparatus includes a measuring container for accommodating an electrolyte solution including one of a 1,2-benzoquinone derivative and a 1,4-benzoquinone derivative, an organic solvent, an electrolyte and an acid-containing subject for measurement; a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode section provided in the measuring container and immersed in the electrolyte solution; and a control section for sweeping a potential of the working electrode within a prescribed range and for detecting a value of a pre-peak current generated by the acid and flowing between the working electrode and the counter electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing 3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-alkoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl ethers represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R stands for a lower alkyl group, and X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 stand for a hydrogen atom or fluorine atom,which comprises subjecting a 3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-alkoxy-3-halogenophenyl)-2-methylpropyl ether or 3-phenoxybenzyl-2-(4-alkoxy-3,5-dihalogenophenyl)-2-methylpropyl ether represented by the following formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R stands for a lower alkyl group, X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 stand for a hydrogen atom or fluorine atom, and Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 stand for a hydrogen atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom, with the proviso that at least one of Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.