Abstract: A main object of the present disclosure is to provide a reflection-type optical encoder scale capable of sufficiently reducing the reflectance on a low reflection region. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing a reflection-type optical encoder scale comprising: a high reflection region and a low reflection region alternately placed on a transparent substrate, wherein the low reflection region includes a low reflection portion including at least three stacked inorganic layers, and a reflectance on the low reflection region is 5% or less, wherein the high reflection region includes at least one stacked inorganic layer, and a reflectance on the high reflection region is 60% or more, and wherein a value of a ratio S/N represented by the following formula (3) is 6 or more, (3) the ratio S/N=the reflectance on the high reflection region/the reflectance on the low reflection region.

Abstract: Provided is a prediction apparatus including a feature extraction unit configured to extract a feature based on past behavior series data of a prediction target and output behavior feature data, a behavior series prediction unit configured to predict a future behavior series of the prediction target based on the behavior feature data using a trained behavior series prediction model for predicting a behavior series, and a mood series prediction unit configured to predict a future mood series of the prediction target based on the behavior feature data and past mood series data of the prediction target using a trained mood series prediction model for predicting a mood series.

Abstract: An intersection determination is made regarding whether or not a traffic route included in map information intersects a boundary between areas on a basis of the traffic route and an area shape between areas that are adjacent in the map information, the intersection determination being made for each pair of adjacent areas. On a basis of a weight determined for the boundary in a case where the intersection determination is made that no intersection exists, a movement cost graph expressing a movement cost for each area that accounts for the weight is constructed. A corrected shortest distance between areas is calculated on a basis of the movement cost graph. A human mobility between areas is estimated for each timestep, the timestep being the length of a predetermined time interval, according to a predetermined function for estimating the human mobility between areas on a basis of the corrected shortest distance between areas and a population of each of the areas at different predetermined times.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a data acquisition unit that acquires data indicating a relationship between success or failure of a task and an amount of a loss-framed incentive indicating an incentive that is forfeited in a case where the task is not successful, and information indicating a motivation function representing motivation of a user for the task, a parameter determination unit that determines a parameter of the motivation function based on the data, and an incentive measure calculation unit that calculates an incentive measure indicating an amount of a loss-framed incentive based on the determined parameter and the motivation function.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a plurality of fins that are spaced from each other and are arranged to divide a heat medium flow passage into a plurality of narrow passages. Each fin incudes a plurality of thick wall portions and a plurality of thin wall portions which are alternately arranged in a passage longitudinal direction. Each adjacent two of the plurality of fins, which are adjacent to each other, are defined as one fine and another fin, and each of the plurality of thick wall portions of the one fin is opposed to an adjacent one of the plurality of thin wall portions of the another fin in a fin arrangement direction, and each of the plurality of thin wall portions of the one fin is opposed to an adjacent one of the plurality of thick wall portions of the another fin in the fin arrangement direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel antibody-pyrrolodiazepine derivative and a novel antibody-pyrrolodiazepine derivative conjugate using the same, and a novel CLDN6 and/or CLDN9 antibody.

Abstract: The present disclosure enables vehicle dispatch in consideration of individual differences of each orderer for a price and a required time by a computer executing an input procedure to input parameters for a distance matrix relating to a distance between a taxi and an orderer giving a taxi dispatch order, a travel distance for an order, an opportunity cost parameter for a taxi driver, and an acceptance probability function of the orderer, and a calculation procedure to calculate a price and a required time to be presented to the orderer by solving an optimization problem formulated using the parameters.

Abstract: A display device comprising a transistor and a display element over the transistor, wherein the transistor includes a gate electrode on an insulating surface, a gate insulating layer on the gate electrode, and source/drain electrodes on the oxide semiconductor layer and the gate insulating layer, each including a first conductive layer containing nitrogen and a second conductive layer on the first conductive layer, and an insulating layer contains oxygen on the oxide semiconductor layer and the source/drain electrodes.

Abstract: An incentive optimization method according to an embodiment provides an incentive optimization method for optimizing an incentive granting method for a behavior of an individual, the incentive optimization method including being executable on a computer and including: estimating a parameter of a model for each individual, the model using the incentive granting method as input and outputting a degree of achievement with respect to a target behavior, by using a sequence of the behavior and observation data of the incentive granting method with respect to the sequence; and calculating an incentive granting method that maximizes the degree of achievement using the model in which the estimated parameter is set.

Abstract: A main object of the present disclosure is to provide a reflection-type optical encoder scale capable of sufficiently reducing the reflectance on a low reflection region. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing a reflection-type optical encoder scale comprising a high reflection region and a low reflection region alternately placed on a substrate, wherein the low reflection region includes a low reflection portion including a metallic chromium film formed on the substrate, and a chromium oxide film and a chromium nitride film randomly formed on the metallic chromium film; and the high reflection region has higher reflectance of incident light from opposite side to the substrate of the reflection-type optical encoder scale, than the low reflection region.

Abstract: A learning device includes one or more processors. The processors generate a plurality of pieces of learning data to be used in a plurality of learning processes, respectively, to learn a parameter of a neural network using an objective function. The processors calculate a first partial gradient using a partial data and the parameter added with noise, with respect to at least a part of the learning data out of the plurality of pieces of learning data. The partial data is obtained by dividing the learning data. The first partial gradient is a gradient of the objective function relating to the parameter for the partial data. The noise is calculated based on a second partial gradient calculated for another piece of the learning data. The processors update the parameter using the first partial gradient.

Abstract: A learning device includes one or more processors. The processors generate a plurality of pieces of learning data to be used in a plurality of learning processes, respectively, to learn a parameter of a neural network using an objective function. The processors calculate a first partial gradient using a partial data and the parameter added with noise, with respect to at least a part of the learning data out of the plurality of pieces of learning data. The partial data is obtained by dividing the learning data. The first partial gradient is a gradient of the objective function relating to the parameter for the partial data. The noise is calculated based on a second partial gradient calculated for another piece of the learning data. The processors update the parameter using the first partial gradient.

Abstract: A blade receives light emitted from a light source and repeats a predetermined periodic motion to scan the front of a vehicle with reflected light of the emitted light. A position detector generates a position detection signal S4 indicating a timing at which a predetermined reference point of the blade passes a predetermined position. Based on the position detection signal S4, a period calculator calculates a period Tp of the periodic motion of the blade. A light intensity calculator receives light-distribution-pattern information S3 to be formed in front of the vehicle and calculates light intensity to be generated by the light source at each time based on the position detection signal S4 and the period Tp. A driver turns on a semiconductor light source so as to obtain the light intensity calculated by the light intensity calculator at each time.

Abstract: A lighting circuit includes a voltage converter configured to receive a DC voltage to perform voltage conversion and supply a drive current to a light source unit including a light emitting element, a bypass switch configured to form a bypass path through which the drive current bypasses the light emitting element, and a controller configured to control the voltage converter and the bypass switch. The light source unit includes a plurality of light emitting elements connected in series. The bypass path includes at least one bypass switch which are connected in parallel with at least one of the light emitting elements. When turning on the light emitting element of the light source unit, the controller controls the voltage conversion to start in a state where the bypass switch is turned on, and then, turns off the bypass switch to turn on the light emitting element.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, in nth (n is a natural number) processing, a first node calculates a first gradient to update a first weight and a second node calculates a second gradient to update the first weight. In mth (m is a natural number) processing, a third node calculates a third gradient to update a third weight and a fourth node calculates a fourth gradient to update the third weight. If the calculation by the first and second nodes is faster than the calculation by the third and fourth nodes, in n+1th processing, a second weight updated from the first weight is further updated using the first and second gradients, and, in m+1th processing, a fourth weight updated from the third weight is further updated using the first to fourth gradients.

Abstract: A lighting circuit includes a voltage converter configured to receive a DC voltage to perform voltage conversion and supply a drive current to a light source unit including a light emitting element, a bypass switch configured to form a bypass path through which the drive current bypasses the light emitting element, and a controller configured to control the voltage converter and the bypass switch. The light source unit includes a plurality of light emitting elements connected in series. The bypass path includes at least one bypass switch which are connected in parallel with at least one of the light emitting elements. When turning on the light emitting element of the light source unit, the controller controls the voltage conversion to start in a state where the bypass switch is turned on, and then, turns off the bypass switch to turn on the light emitting element.

Abstract: A blade receives light emitted from a light source and repeats a predetermined periodic motion to scan the front of a vehicle with reflected light of the emitted light. A position detector generates a position detection signal S4 indicating a timing at which a predetermined reference point of the blade passes a predetermined position. Based on the position detection signal S4, a period calculator calculates a period Tp of the periodic motion of the blade. A light intensity calculator receives light-distribution-pattern information S3 to be formed in front of the vehicle and calculates light intensity to be generated by the light source at each time based on the position detection signal S4 and the period Tp. A driver turns on a semiconductor light source so as to obtain the light intensity calculated by the light intensity calculator at each time.

Abstract: A decrease in resistance against an abnormal current of a semiconductor device is suppressed. A first transistor is sandwiched between two second transistors (a first one and a second one of the second transistors) in a second direction. Both of a distance between a second source contact and a second drain contact that are coupled to the one second transistor, and a distance between a second source contact and a second drain contact that are coupled to the other second transistor are larger than a distance between a second source contact and a second drain contact that are coupled to a third one of the second transistors located farthest from the first transistor in the second direction.

Abstract: A decrease in resistance against an abnormal current of a semiconductor device is suppressed. A first transistor is sandwiched between two second transistors (a first one and a second one of the second transistors) in a second direction. Both of a distance between a second source contact and a second drain contact that are coupled to the one second transistor, and a distance between a second source contact and a second drain contact that are coupled to the other second transistor are larger than a distance between a second source contact and a second drain contact that are coupled to a third one of the second transistors located farthest from the first transistor in the second direction.

Abstract: In an interlayer insulating film in which contact plugs are embedded, a capacitor element is formed which has electrodes each formed of a metal. Over a substrate, the interlayer insulating film is formed. The interlayer insulating film includes a first insulating film and a second insulating film. In the second insulating film, the first and second contact plugs are formed. The first and second contact plugs extend through the second insulating film to reach first and second gate electrodes. In a surface of the substrate, an isolation film is formed. Within a region overlapping the isolation film in planar view, the capacitor element is formed. The capacitor element includes the lower and upper electrodes. Each of the lower and upper electrodes contains a metal. The lower and upper electrodes of the capacitor element are formed over the first insulating film to be embedded in the second insulating film.