Abstract: A communication system includes circuitry. The circuitry receives an input of language information. The circuitry performs recognition on the input language information. The circuitry displays one or more images corresponding to the input language information on a display, based on a result of the recognition.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developer includes: a toner A to which silica particles (A) containing an elemental nitrogen-containing compound containing elemental molybdenum are externally added; and a carrier B including a core material and a coating resin layer that covers the core material and contains inorganic particles. In the silica particles (A), the ratio NMo/NSi of a Net intensity NMo of elemental molybdenum that is measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis to a Net intensity NSi of elemental silicon that is measured by the X-ray fluorescence analysis is from 0.035 to 0.45 inclusive.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developer includes a toner including toner particles that include a binder resin and a release agent and have an exposure ratio of the release agent of 15% or more and 30% or less, and a carrier including magnetic particles and resin cover layers covering the magnetic particles and including inorganic particles, wherein the inorganic particles have an arithmetic average particle size of 5 nm or more and 90 nm or less, the resin cover layers have an average thickness of 0.6 ?m or more and 1.4 ?m or less, and a fine-irregularity-structure surface roughness of surfaces of the carrier three-dimensionally analyzed has, in an analysis region, a ratio B/A of an irregularity-surface area B to a plan-view area A of 1.020 or more and 1.100 or less.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developer includes: toner particles; silica particles that are externally added to the toner particles and include an elemental nitrogen-containing compound containing elemental molybdenum and in which the ratio (Mo/Si) of a Net intensity of elemental molybdenum that is measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis to a Net intensity of elemental silicon in the silica particles that is measured by the X-ray fluorescence analysis is from 0.035 to 0.45 inclusive; and a carrier having a relative dielectric loss factor of from 0.5 to 2.0 inclusive.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing carrier includes a core material and a resin coating layer that contains strontium titanate particles and coats the core material, in which a content of the strontium titanate particles is 10% by mass or more and 55% by mass or less with respect to a total mass of the resin coating layer, and a proportion of strontium atoms within a surface of the resin coating layer, the proportion being determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, is 0.2 at % or more and 1.0 at % or less.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes a light emitting apparatus and a host apparatus. The light emitting apparatus includes a housing extending in a first direction, a light emitting device mounted in the housing, an optical connector including a first optical connection part provided at one end of the housing, and an electrical connector including a first electrical connection part provided at one end of the housing and receiving a voltage to drive the light emitting device. The host apparatus includes a host optical connector including a second optical connection part which faces the first optical connection part and is optically coupled thereto, a host electrical connector including a second electrical connection part facing the first electrical connection part and being electrically connected to the first electrical connection part, and a host board mounting the host optical connector and the host electrical connector thereon.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst with high selectivity for an ?,?-unsaturated aldehyde, an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid, and the like. Problems are solved by a catalyst containing at least molybdenum and bismuth and having a B/A of 1.3 to 5 when a ratio of the amount of bismuth atoms to the amount of molybdenum atoms, calculated from ICP (inductively coupled plasma) atomic emission spectrometry is A, and a ratio of a peak area of bismuth atoms to a peak area of molybdenum atoms, measured by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry is B.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes a package, a board, a plurality of first optical cables, and a first optical connector. The package includes an integrated circuit and an optical device that converts an electrical signal from the integrated circuit into an optical signal. The board includes a main surface, and the package is disposed on the main surface. Each of the plurality of first optical cables includes a plurality of optical fibers. Each of the plurality of first optical cables includes a first end portion and a second end portion on a side opposite thereto. Each of a plurality of the first end portions is optically coupled to the optical device, and each of a plurality of the second end portions is attached to the first optical connector. The first optical connector is disposed on the main surface of the board to be entirely located inside an edge of the board.

Abstract: An optical connector jig for connecting a second optical connector to a first optical connector, or disconnecting the second optical connector from the first optical connector, includes a first housing and a second housing. The first housing includes a positioning portion to determine a position of the jig with respect to the first optical connector in cooperation with a member indicating a position of the first optical connector. The second housing grips the second optical connector such that, when the jig is positioned with respect to the first optical connector, a connection surface of the second optical connector faces a connection surface of the first optical connector. The second housing moves with respect to the first housing such that the connection surface of the gripped second optical connector is close to or away from the connection surface of the first optical connector.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developer contains toner particles, silica particles that are added to an exterior of the toner particles and contain a nitrogen element-containing compound, and a carrier that has a core material and a nitrogen element-containing coating resin layer, in which a content of the nitrogen element-containing compound with respect to the silica particles is 0.005% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less in terms of a nitrogen element, and in a case where A represents a pore volume of pores that the silica particles include and have a diameter of 1 nm or more and 50 nm or less, which is determined from a pore size distribution curve obtained by a nitrogen adsorption method before baking of the silica particles at 350° C.

Abstract: A carrier for electrostatic image development includes: a core material; and a resin coating layer that contains nitrogen-containing silica particles and nitrogen-containing resin fine particles and covers the core material. The content of the nitrogen-containing silica particles is from 10% by mass to 55% by mass inclusive based on the total mass of the resin coating layer. The nitrogen-containing resin fine particles have a volume average particle diameter of from 100 nm to 250 nm inclusive. The mass ratio P/S of the mass P of the nitrogen-containing resin fine particles to the mass S of the nitrogen-containing silica particles is from 0.15 to 0.55 inclusive.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing carrier includes a magnetic particle and a coating resin layer that covers the magnetic particle, and an amount of the coating resin layer that is peeled off from the magnetic particle when the carrier dispersed in water is irradiated with ultrasonic waves, relative to a coating amount of the coating resin layer before ultrasonic irradiation, is 800 mass ppm or more and 2,000 mass ppm or less, and a difference between an initial coating amount of the coating resin layer of a carrier having no travel history and a coating amount of the coating resin layer of a carrier having a travel history and being taken out from an electrostatic charge image developer, relative to the initial coating amount of the coating resin layer, is 0 mass ppm or more and 3,000 mass ppm or less.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst capable of improving the selectivity of unsaturated aldehydes and unsaturated carboxylic acids, and a catalyst containing molybdenum, antimony, bismuth, and iron, wherein an atom ratio of the antimony to the molybdenum on a surface of the catalyst is greater than an atom ratio of the antimony to the molybdenum in the entire catalyst is provided.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developer includes a toner including toner particles and an external additive, wherein an amount of the external additive that is loose relative to a total mass of the external additive is 5 mass % or less, and a carrier including magnetic particles and resin cover layers covering the magnetic particles and including inorganic particles, wherein a fine-irregularity-structure surface roughness of surfaces three-dimensionally analyzed has, in an analysis region, a ratio B/A of an irregularity-surface area B to a plan-view area A of 1.020 or more and 1.100 or less.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developer includes a toner including toner particles that include a binder resin and a release agent and have an exposure ratio of the release agent of 15% or more and 30% or less, and a carrier including magnetic particles and resin cover layers covering the magnetic particles and including inorganic particles, wherein the inorganic particles have an arithmetic average particle size of 5 nm or more and 90 nm or less, the resin cover layers have an average thickness of 0.6 ?m or more and 1.4 ?m or less, and a fine-irregularity-structure surface roughness of surfaces of the carrier three-dimensionally analyzed has, in an analysis region, a ratio B/A of an irregularity-surface area B to a plan-view area A of 1.020 or more and 1.100 or less.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developer containing: a toner containing a toner particle and an external additive; and a carrier containing a magnetic particle and a resin layer covering the magnetic particle, in which the toner particle has a surface property index value of 2.0 or more and 2.8 or less; and the carrier has a surface having a ratio BIA of a surface area B to a planar view area A of 1.020 or more and 1.100 or less, the planar view area A and the surface area B being obtained by three-dimensional analysis of the surface of the carrier.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developing carrier includes core particles provided by dispersing a magnetic powder in a resin and resin cover layers covering the core particles, wherein the resin cover layers have a surface coverage of 96 area % or more, the resin cover layers include 10 mass % or more and 50 mass % or less of inorganic particles relative to a total mass of the resin cover layers, and the inorganic particles in surfaces of the carrier have a surface exposure ratio of 6 atomic % or more and 15 atomic % or less determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developer contains: a toner containing a toner particle and an external additive; and a carrier containing a magnetic particle and a resin layer covering the magnetic particle; and the toner particle has a surface property index value of 1.0 or more and less than 2.0; and the carrier has a surface having a ratio B/A of a surface area B to a plane view area A of 1.020 or more and 1.100 or less, the plane view area A and the surface area B being obtained by three-dimensional analysis of the surface of the carrier.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing carrier includes a magnetic particle and a coating resin layer that covers the magnetic particle, and an amount of the coating resin layer that is peeled off from the magnetic particle when the carrier dispersed in water is irradiated with ultrasonic waves, relative to a coating amount of the coating resin layer before ultrasonic irradiation, is 800 mass ppm or more and 2,000 mass ppm or less, and a difference between an initial coating amount of the coating resin layer of a carrier having no travel history and a coating amount of the coating resin layer of a carrier having a travel history and being taken out from an electrostatic charge image developer, relative to the initial coating amount of the coating resin layer, is 0 mass ppm or more and 3,000 mass ppm or less.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing carrier includes a magnetic particle and a coating resin layer that covers the magnetic particle and contains an inorganic particle, and the following relation 1 is satisfied: 0<(C?A)/(B?A)?0.