Abstract: An ester or amide derivative represented by the general formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Particularly, an ester or amide derivative of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroqunoline-2-carboxylic acid represented by the general formula (I?) or (I?), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: There is provided a structure for connecting a piston to a crankshaft in an internal combustion engine, including a piston pin fitted into the piston, a crankpin integral with the crankshaft and a connecting rod having a piston pin bearing portion slidably engaged with an outer cylindrical portion of the piston pin and a crankpin bearing portion slidably engaged with an outer cylindrical portion of the crankpin. At least one of the piston pin bearing portion of the connecting rod and the outer cylindrical portion of the piston pin and at least one of the crankpin bearing portion of the connecting rod and the outer cylindrical portion of the crankpin have hard carbon coatings formed thereon with a hydrogen content of 20 atomic % or less.

Abstract: A chain drive system includes a drive sprocket, a driven sprocket and a chain looped over the drive sprocket and the driven sprocket. The chain and the sprocket having respective sliding surfaces slidable relative to each other in the presence of lubricating oil, and any adjacent chain components of the chain having respective sliding surfaces slidable relative to each other in the presence of lubricating oil. At least one of the sliding surfaces between the chain and the sprocket and at least one of the sliding surfaces between any adjacent chain components have hard carbon coatings formed on base portions thereof. Each of the hard carbon coatings has a hydrogen content of 10 atomic % or less.

Abstract: An ester or amide derivative represented by the general formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Particularly, an ester or amide derivative of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroqunoline-2-carboxylic acid represented by the general formula (I′) or (I″), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: In a decarbonation process for removing carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide-containing gas with the use of an amine compound-containing absorbing solution, an amine compound accompanying a decarbonated exhaust gas is efficiently recovered in the following manner: A water washing section is constituted in two stages, a first-stage water washing section 64 and a second-stage water washing section 65. In these water washing sections, recovery of the amine compound accompanying the decarbonated exhaust gas is performed sequentially. Regeneration tower refluxed water is supplied as washing water to the second-stage water washing section 65. Washing water is withdrawn from the second-stage water washing section 65 and supplied to the first-stage water washing section 64. Demisters 83, 84 and 85 are provided at outlets of a carbon dioxide absorption section 73, the first-stage water washing section 64 and the second-stage water washing section 65.

Abstract: In a decarbonation process for removing carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide-containing gas with the use of an amine compound-containing absorbing solution, an amine compound accompanying a decarbonated exhaust gas is efficiently recovered in the following manner: A water washing section is constituted in two stages, a first-stage water washing section 64 and a second-stage water washing section 65. In these water washing sections, recovery of the amine compound accompanying the decarbonated exhaust gas is performed sequentially. Regeneration tower refluxed water is supplied as washing water to the second-stage water washing section 65. Washing water is withdrawn from the second-stage water washing section 65 and supplied to the first-stage water washing section 64. Demisters 83, 84 and 85 are provided at outlets of a carbon dioxide absorption section 73, the first-stage water washing section 64 and the second-stage water washing section 65.

Abstract: An ester or amide derivative represented by the general formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Particularly, an ester or amide derivative of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroqunoline-2-carboxylic acid represented by the general formula (I′) or (I″), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: In a decarbonation process for removing carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide-containing gas with the use of an amine compound-containing absorbing solution, an amine compound accompanying a decarbonated exhaust gas is efficiently recovered in the following manner: A water washing section is constituted in two stages, a first-stage water washing section 64 and a second-stage water washing section 65. In these water washing sections, recovery of the amine compound accompanying the decarbonated exhaust gas is performed sequentially. Regeneration tower refluxed water is supplied as washing water to the second-stage water washing section 65. Washing water is withdrawn from the second-stage water washing section 65 and supplied to the first-stage water washing section 64. Demisters 83, 84 and 85 are provided at outlets of a carbon dioxide absorption section 73, the first-stage water washing section 64 and the second-stage water washing section 65.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a clock generation unit which generates a clock signal, a first module which asserts a clock-control request signal, and one or more second modules, each of which receives the clock signal and the clock-control request signal, and asserts a clock-control acknowledge signal after stopping an operation thereof upon completion of a currently performed operation in response to the assertion of the clock-control request signal, wherein the clock generation unit selectively changes the clock signal supplied to the one or more second modules in response to assertion of all clock-control acknowledge signals output from the one or more second modules.