Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein for sidelink (SL) collision detection and indication (e.g., in new radio (NR) vehicular communications (V2X)). A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may send resource reservations (e.g., in sidelink control information (SCI)). A receiving (RX) WTRU may receive SCI from (e.g., multiple) transmitting (TX) WTRUs, where the TX WTRUs are reserving resources for transmission. The TX WTRUs may be unaware of the other TX WTRUs (e.g., unaware of the resources being reserved by other TX WTRUs). Resources may be in conflict, for example, if the reserved resources overlap (e.g., partially or completely). Collision may occur, for example, if multiple TX WTRUs reserve the resources in conflict for transmission and/or if the TX WTRUs reserving the resources in conflict for transmission do not reselect a non-conflicting resource.

Abstract: There may be approaches for sidelink unlicensed (SL U) channel access in Mode 2. For example, a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may perform SL U channel access and resource selection for channel occupancy time (COT) sharing and COT initiation within a resource selection window (RSW). The WTRU may detect COT and share based on control information, such as remaining duration, the number of scheduled transmission(s) within the COT, frequency resource assignment, priority, cast type, WTRU source and/or destination ID, COT/resource reservation, channel congestion, etc. The WTRU may determine SL COT initiation based on LBT and SCI sensing information including COT/resource reservation, priority, cast type, WTRU source and/or destination ID, channel congestion, etc. The WTRU may determine transmission resources within shared and initiated SL COT based on WTRU source and/or destination ID of a TB to transmit, RB interlace assignment indicated in decoded SCI associated with an overlapping reserved COT.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein that may be used to determine a destination for sidelink transmission based on the priority of the transmission and/or other parameters associated with the transmission. In examples, a destination may be selected if one or more logical channels associated with the destination have a bucket size parameter exceeding a certain threshold and the one or more logical channels have a highest priority. Various other techniques are also described herein that relate to the configuration and/or report of QoS information, selection of sidelink resources, use of a minimum communication range, etc.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, receives a positioning request message from another WTRU (1402). The positioning request message indicates a request associated with one or more of a sidelink positioning reference signals, SL-PRS, transmission or a SL-PRS reception and indicates a range of one or more parameters associated with the SL-PRS transmission or reception; these parameters comprise one or more of SL-RSRP, angle of departure AoD, angle of arrival AoA, and a line of sight LOS/NLOS metric. The WTRU measures the one or more parameters indicated in the positioning request message (1404) and performs the SL-PRS transmission (1410) or the SL-PRS reception (1410) on the condition that the measured parameters are within the range indicated in the positioning request message (1408).

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products directed to selection and/or reselection of WTRUs and paths are provided. Among such methods is a method that may be implemented in a first WTRU and may include determining first measurements based on first sidelink transmissions received from a second WTRU; receiving, from the second WTRU, second measurements associated with a path between the first WTRU and a third WTRU, wherein second measurements are based, at least in part, on sidelink transmissions exchanged between the third WTRU and the second WTRU or between the third WTRU and a fourth WTRU; determining a measurement of the path based on any of the first and second measurements; determining transmission parameters for transmitting discovery messages during a communication period based on any of the measurement of the path and quality of service criteria; and transmitting the discovery messages according to the transmission parameters.

Abstract: A system and methods for beam failure recovery and management for multi-carrier communications with beamforming are disclosed herein. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may monitor for and detect a beam failure of a beam associated with a secondary cell (Scell). The WTRU may select an Scell candidate beam. The WTRU may transmit using a selected uplink (UL) resource in a primary cell (SpCell) a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) including an indication of Scell beam failure and identifying the selected candidate beam. The WTRU may receive an Scell beam failure indication response on the SpCell indicating an SCell index and a downlink (DL) quasi co-location (QCL) reference associated with the Scell. The WTRU may verify that the DL QCL reference matches with the candidate beam. The WTRU may perform random access on the SCell using the selected QCL reference and the selected candidate beam.

Abstract: Systems and methods described herein are provided for beamforming and uplink control and data transmission techniques. Such techniques enable a UE to maintain at least one beam process for operation with multiple beams and/or points. A beam process may be indicated for transmission or reception over a downlink or uplink physical channel. Power, timing, and channel state information may be specific to a beam process. A beam process may be established as part of a random access procedure in which resources may be provisioned in random access response messages. Techniques are provided to handle beam process failures, to use beam processes for mobility, and to select beams using open-loop and closed-loop selection procedures.

Abstract: A method may include detecting a sidelink radio link failure and, in response, starting a first timer based on a first timer value associated with selection of a candidate node. The candidate node is a relay node or a network node. The relay node is selected for a connection reestablishment and configuration information is received that at least includes a second timer value associated with a second timer, which is associated with the connection reestablishment. The first timer is stopped upon selecting the candidate node. If the configuration information includes a third timer value associated with the connection reestablishment, the second timer is started using the third timer value upon selecting the candidate node. If the configuration information does not include the third timer value, the second timer is started using the second timer value upon selecting the candidate node. A reestablishment request message is then sent.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured for sidelink (SL) communication. The WTRU may receive SL discontinuous reception (DRX) configuration information from a peer SL WTRU. The SL DRX configuration information may comprise timer information. The timer information may comprise at least a SL on-duration timer, a SL inactivity timer, a SL hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) round trip time (RTT) timer, and a SL HARQ retransmission timer. The WTRU may apply the received SL DRX configuration information. The WTRU may report, on a condition that the WTRU has a connection to a network entity, to the network entity that the WTRU applied the received SL DRX configuration information.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for sidelink transmit-receive distance related determinations are disclosed herein. In one example, a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may be configured with an associate between range information and zone configuration. The WTRU receive an indication of a specific range information requirement and determine its own zone location based on the configured information and location means (e.g., GPS). The WTRU may also receive zone location information of a transmitting device, and determine the distance between the WTRU and the transmitting device.

Abstract: There may be one or more systems, methods, and/or devices that address a relay wireless communication scenario. For example, in such a scenario, there may be at least three entities, a remote a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may need to communicate with a network node (e.g., gNB) and/or another WTRU that it cannot directly communicate with. This remote WTRU may communicate with a relay WTRU in order to communicate with the ultimate destination (e.g., another WTRU or a network node). The use of a relay may require establishment and configuration of one or more entities involved.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for monitoring radio links between wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) and determining of radio link failure, and may be used, among others, for New Radio (NR) vehicular communication (V2X); a mode whereby WTRUs can communicate with each other directly. A radio link between a WTRU and another WTRU may be monitored independently per ongoing unicast and/or multicast link, and radio link failure (RLF) may be determined as a function of the monitoring.

Abstract: A SL wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), configured in mode 1, with SL transmissions on unlicensed spectrum, may receive a SL grant from a gNodeB (gNB) and determine whether the SL grant falls within a COT initiated by another WTRU, based on COT structure information received from SCI transmissions of other WTRUs. If the SL grant falls within the COT initiated by another WTRU, the WTRU may perform a first LBT type to try to share the COT. If the SL grant does not fall within the COT initiated by another WTRU, the WTRU may perform a second LBT type to try to initiate its own COT. If LBT fails for the grant, the WTRU may report a failed LBT to the gNB in UCI.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures, and interfaces for a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) performing sidelink communications are provided.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for congestion control in a wireless communications system. Some embodiments including receiving a plurality of zone configurations, receiving, for each of the plurality of zone configurations, a channel busy ration (CBR) threshold and a mapping of zone identities (IDs) to resource pools; and measuring a CBR of a resource pool with which the WTRU is currently configured. If the measured CBR meets a CBR threshold of a first zone configuration of the plurality, the WTRU is configured with the first zone configuration, with a zone ID based on the first zone configuration and apposition of the WTRU, and with a resource pool base on the mapping and configured zone ID.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to methods and apparatus using V2X enhancements to perform discontinuous reception. In an embodiment, a method implemented by a first WTRU, for a device-to-device (D2D) communication between the first WTRU and a second WTRU, the method may include any of comprising receiving, from the second WTRU, D2D control information comprising: (1) first information indicating one or more first transmission resources reserved for transmission of the D2D communication and (2) second information indicating if at least one second transmission resource is reserved for retransmission of the D2D communication; determining a sleeping period for the first WTRU that ends prior to a reception time of the retransmission of the D2D communication, wherein the sleeping period is based on the second information; and receiving the retransmission of the D2D communication, after an end of the determined sleeping period.

Abstract: Systems and methods described herein are provided for beamforming and uplink control and data transmission techniques. Such techniques enable a UE to maintain at least one beam process for operation with multiple beams and/or points. A beam process may be indicated for transmission or reception over a downlink or uplink physical channel. Power, timing, and channel state information may be specific to a beam process. A beam process may be established as part of a random access procedure in which resources may be provisioned in random access response messages. Techniques are provided to handle beam process failures, to use beam processes for mobility, and to select beams using open-loop and closed-loop selection procedures.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein that may be used to determine a destination for sidelink transmission based on the priority of the transmission and/or other parameters associated with the transmission. In examples, a destination may be selected if one or more logical channels associated with the destination have a bucket size parameter exceeding a certain threshold and the one or more logical channels have a highest priority. Various other techniques are also described herein that relate to the configuration and/or report of QoS information, selection of sidelink resources, use of a minimum communication range, etc.

Abstract: An apparatus may be configured to determine whether to prioritize a sidelink (SL) logical channel group (LCG) based on an SL prioritization threshold and a UL prioritization threshold, on a condition that a UL prioritization threshold is configured. The apparatus may be configured to determine whether a prioritization value associated with the SL LCG is lower than the SL prioritization threshold. The apparatus may be configured to determine (e.g., at least) whether an uplink (UL) LCG has a prioritization value that is equal to or higher than the UL prioritization threshold. The apparatus may be configured to determine whether to prioritize SL buffer status reporting (BSR) based on a size of a UL grant and the determination of whether to prioritize the SL LCG. The apparatus may be configured to report a buffer status based on the determination of whether to prioritize the SL BSR.

Abstract: A sidelink (SL) wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU) may be configured establish a unicast link with a peer WTRU allowing use of a plurality of SL carriers and transmits data, on at least a first SL carrier to the peer WTRU. The WTRU determines a carrier-specific SL radio link failure (RLF) of the first SL carrier based on a number of detected consecutive hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) discontinuous transmissions (DTXs) exceeding a threshold HARQ DTX count and performs a SL carrier reselection procedure to select a second SL carrier, excluding SL carriers determined with carrier-specific SL RLF. The WTRU transmits, to the peer WTRU on one of the plurality of SL carriers without carrier-specific SL RLF, an indication of the carrier-specific RLF of the first SL carrier. If no SL available SL carrier remains, the WTRU releases the unicast link with the peer WTRU. Additional embodiments are disclosed.