Abstract: A birefringent film of the present invention comprises at least one kind of polycyclic compound including a —COOM group (the M denotes a counter ion), wherein an index ellipsoid satisfies a relation of nz>nx=ny. The polycyclic compound includes, for example, acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxaline derivative represented by the following general formula (I). The birefringent film of the present invention can be formed thin-type and have a high birefringent index in the thickness direction, since the birefringent film comprises the polycyclic compound.

Abstract: There is provided a substrate for a display device that has excellent gas barrier properties, flexibility, heat resistance and transparency, and has excellent dimensional stability, operability, and secondary processing characteristics. A substrate for a display device according to the present invention includes: an inorganic glass; and resin layers placed on both sides of the inorganic glass. Preferably, a ratio drsum/dg between a total thickness drsum of the resin layer and a thickness dg of the inorganic glass is 0.5 to 2.2. Preferably, the resin layers on both sides of the inorganic glass are each composed of the same material, each have the same thickness, and a thickness of each of the resin layers is equal to the thickness of the inorganic glass. Preferably, an average coefficient of linear expansion at 170° C. of the substrate for a display device is 20 ppm ° C.?1 or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transparent substrate excellent in solvent crack resistance, toughness, heat resistance, and flexibility. A transparent substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: an inorganic glass; and a first resin layer placed on at least one side of the inorganic glass, wherein: the first resin layer contains a resin compound having a weight-average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene of 8×104 to 100×104; and no solvent crack occurs when a mixed solvent containing 20 wt % to 95 wt % of at least one kind of solvent selected from the group consisting of acetone, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and N,N-dimethylformamide is brought into contact with the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transparent substrate that significantly prevents the progress of a crack in a thin-plate glass and the rupture of the glass, and is excellent in bending property and flexibility. A transparent substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a thin-plate glass having a thickness of 10 ?m to 100 ?m; and a resin layer on at least one side of the thin-plate glass, wherein a shrinkage stress of the resin layer on the thin-plate glass is 5 MPa or more.

Abstract: An antiglare film and an antiglare sheet with which an image display apparatus excelling in contrast while maintaining excellent antiglare performance is obtained, and a simple process for producing them are provided. In the antiglare film of the present invention, a rugged shape in a first direction is substantially different from a rugged shape in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. Preferably, an average gradient angle ?a1 of the rugged shape in the first direction is larger than an average gradient angle ?a2 of the rugged shape in the second direction. More preferably, a difference ??a=?a1??a2 between the average gradient angle ?a1 and the average gradient angle ?a2 is 0.5° to 30°.

Abstract: A polarizing plate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a polarizer, a UV-shielding layer containing inorganic fine particles each having a band gap of 3.0 eV or more and a binder resin and a protective film. The UV-shielding layer contains the inorganic fine particles at a content of 40 to 80 vol %, and has a thickness of 400 nm or less.

Abstract: The organic-inorganic composite particles can be dispersed as primary particles in a solvent and/or a resin and have a plurality of mutually different organic groups on the surface of inorganic particles.

Abstract: There is provided a transparent substrate which can be reduced in thickness, which is excellent in adhesiveness between an inorganic glass and a resin layer under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, bending property, flexibility, and impact resistance, and which significantly prevents the progress of a crack in a glass. A transparent substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: an inorganic glass; and a resin layer, which is obtained by applying a solution of a thermoplastic resin onto one side or both sides of the inorganic glass, wherein: the solution comprises a first thermoplastic resin having a hydroxy group at a terminal; the inorganic glass and the resin layer comprise an epoxy group-terminated coupling agent layer therebetween; the coupling agent layer is directly formed on the inorganic glass; and the resin layer is directly formed on the coupling agent layer.

Abstract: There is provided a transparent substrate which is excellent in dimensional stability, which significantly prevents the progress of a crack in an inorganic glass and the rupture of the inorganic glass, and which is excellent in flexibility. A transparent substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: an inorganic glass having a thickness of 10 ?m to 100 ?m; and a resin layer on one side, or each of both sides, of the inorganic glass, wherein: a ratio of a total thickness of the resin layer to a thickness of the inorganic glass is 0.9 to 4; the resin layer has a modulus of elasticity at 25° C. of 1.5 GPa to 10 GPa; and the resin layer has a fracture toughness value at 25° C. of 1.5 MPa·m1/2 to 10 MPa·m1/2.

Abstract: There is provided a flexible substrate having excellent flexibility and gas barrier properties. A flexible substrate 100 according to the present invention includes: a base material 20 including an inorganic glass 10 and resin layers 11 and 11? placed on both sides of the inorganic glass 10; and an inorganic thin film 12 placed on a side of one of the resin layers where the inorganic glass is not placed, wherein the inorganic thin film 12 is formed on at least a peripheral edge of one surface of the base material.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical element having a new structure that can he applied to a directional diffusion film suitably with a simpler process than before. An optical element includes a plurality of through holes in a transparent film matrix. The plurality of through holes are placed in a state where axial directions thereof are approximately in parallel with one another, and the axial directions of the through holes are inclined or approximately parallel to a thickness direction of the transparent film matrix.

Abstract: There is provided a substrate for a display device that has excellent gas barrier properties, flexibility, heat resistance and transparency, and has excellent dimensional stability, operability, and secondary processing characteristics. A substrate for a display device according to the present invention includes: an inorganic glass; and resin layers placed on both sides of the inorganic glass. Preferably, a ratio drsum/dg between a total thickness drsum of the resin layer and a thickness dg of the inorganic glass is 0.5 to 2.2. Preferably, the resin layers on both sides of the inorganic glass are each composed of the same material, each have the same thickness, and a thickness of each of the resin layers is equal to the thickness of the inorganic glass. Preferably, an average coefficient of linear expansion at 170° C. of the substrate for a display device is 20 ppm° C.?1 or less.

Abstract: An antiglare film and an antiglare sheet with which an image display apparatus excelling in contrast while maintaining excellent antiglare performance is obtained, and a simple process for producing them are provided. In the antiglare film of the present invention, a rugged shape in a first direction is substantially different from a rugged shape in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. Preferably, an average gradient angle ?a1 of the rugged shape in the first direction is larger than an average gradient angle ?a2 of the rugged shape in the second direction. More preferably, a difference ??a=?a1??a2 between the average gradient angle ?a1 and the average gradient angle ?a2 is 0.5° to 30°.

Abstract: A flat panel display is provided that increases visibility without deteriorating the properties of flat panel displays such as LCDs with increased variation in definition or the like. Further, an antiglare film is provided that is used for the flat panel display. A flat panel display includes an antiglare film at a viewing side surface thereof. The flat panel display includes a black matrix pattern. An aperture ratio A (%) of the black matrix pattern, an average interval Sm (mm) between concaves and convexes of a surface of the antiglare film, and a haze H (%) satisfy a relationship of the following Formula (1), and the total haze value is 15 or less. A>(100Sm?0.142H+5.1)/0.

Abstract: A birefringent film of the present invention comprises at least one kind of polycyclic compound including a —COOM group (the M denotes a counter ion), wherein an index ellipsoid satisfies a relation of nz>nx=ny. The polycyclic compound includes, for example, acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxaline derivative represented by the following general formula (I). The birefringent film of the present invention can be formed thin-type and have a high birefringent index in the thickness direction, since the birefringent film comprises the polycyclic compound.

Abstract: Provided is very thin liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal display apparatus with a high contrast ratio in an oblique direction, less light leakage, and a small color shift in an oblique direction. The liquid crystal panel of the present invention includes a liquid crystal cell, a first polarizer arranged on one side of the liquid crystal cell, a second polarizer arranged on the other side of the liquid crystal cell, a first optical element arranged between the first polarizer and the liquid crystal cell, and a second optical element arranged between the first optical element and the liquid crystal cell. The first optical element has substantially optically negative uniaxial property, and the second optical element exhibits a refractive index ellipsoid of nx>nz>ny, and is formed of one or more kinds of polycylic compound having a —SO3M group and/or a —COOM group (M represents a counter ion).

Abstract: Provided are a liquid crystal panel and a liquid crystal display apparatus with a high contrast ratio in an oblique direction, less light leakage, a small color shift in an oblique direction, and extremely small thickness. The liquid crystal panel of the present invention includes a liquid crystal cell, a first polarizer arranged on one side of the liquid crystal cell, an optical element (A), an optical element (B), and a second polarizer arranged on the other side of the liquid crystal cell. The optical element (A) exhibits a refractive index ellipsoid of nx>nz>ny, is formed of a specific polycyclic compound, and has an Nz coefficient of 0.05 to 0.45. The optical element (B) exhibits a refractive index ellipsoid of nx>nz>ny and has an Nz coefficient of 0.55 to 0.95.

Abstract: Provided is a thin birefringent film whose refractive index is three-dimensionally controlled. The present invention provides a birefringent film including at least one polycyclic compound containing a —SO3M group and/or a —COOM group having a refractive index ellipsoid satisfying a relationship represented by nx>nz>ny, in which M represents a counter ion. Since such a birefringent film has a high in-plane refractive index, the thickness thereof is sharply reduced as compared with a conventional birefringent film and a desired retardation value can be obtained.

Abstract: An acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxaline sulfo- and carboxy-derivative of the present invention is represented by a structure formula selected from the group consisting of structures I: wherein: k, l are individually integers in the range of 0 to 4; m, n are individually integers in the range of 0 to 6; M is a counter ion. The acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxaline sulfo- and carboxy-derivative can form a lyotropic liquid crystal system and is useful for an optically anisotropic film.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device containing an organic electroluminescent element (2) and a polarized-light scattering film (1) which comprises a light-transmitting resin (11) and dispersedly contained therein minute regions (12) differing from the light-transmitting resin in birefringent characteristics and in which the difference in refractive index between the minute regions and the light-transmitting resin in the axis direction in which a linearly polarized light has a maximum transmittance, ?n1, is smaller than 0.03 and that in a direction perpendicular to the ?n1 direction, ?n2, is from 0.03 to 0.5, the light produced by the organic electroluminescent element being emitted from the device through the polarized-light scattering film. Also disclosed are a polarizing surface light source which comprises the organic electroluminescent device and a liquid-crystal display which comprises the polarizing surface light source and a liquid-crystal cell disposed on the light emission side of the light source.