Abstract: By a method for producing a liquid crystal cell substrate having a base and a birefringent layer, which includes producing a precursor layer of the birefringent layer by applying a solution of a polymer that hardens to form the birefringent layer, directly onto one surface of the base, and producing the birefringent layer by hardening the precursor layer, the present invention provides a method for producing a birefringent layer on a liquid crystal cell substrate or a liquid crystal cell substrate of a liquid crystal panel used in a liquid crystal display.

Abstract: By a method for producing a liquid crystal cell substrate having a base and a birefringent layer, which includes producing a precursor layer of the birefringent layer by applying a solution of a polymer that hardens to form the birefringent layer, directly onto one surface of the base, and producing the birefringent layer by hardening the precursor layer, the present invention provides a method for producing a birefringent layer on a liquid crystal cell substrate or a liquid crystal cell substrate of a liquid crystal panel used in a liquid crystal display.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device is disclosed which has a simple constitution, is excellent in device stability and emission efficiency, and attains high brightness. The organic electroluminescent device comprises an organic electroluminescent element (2) and a polarized-light scattering film (1) which comprises a light-transmitting resin (11) and dispersedly contained therein minute regions (12) differing from the light-transmitting resin in birefringent characteristics and in which the difference in refractive index between the minute regions and the light-transmitting resin in the axis direction in which a linearly polarized light has a maximum transmittance, &Dgr;n1, is smaller than 0.03 and that in a direction perpendicular to the &Dgr;n1 direction, &Dgr;n2, is from 0.03 to 0.5, the light produced by the organic electroluminescent element being emitted from the device through the polarized-light scattering film.

Abstract: A birefringent film in which molecules oriented in a direction parallel to the film plane and molecules oriented in the direction of the thickness of the film are present in a mixed state. Also, a process for producing the birefringent film, which comprises laminating a resin film on one or both sides thereof with a shrinkable film, thereby preparing a laminate, and then heat stretching the laminate, thereby performing stretching treatment of the resin film while imparting to the resin film the ability to shrink in the direction crossing the stretching direction. A retardation film is formed by using at least one birefringent film and has refractive indexes, n.sub.x and n.sub.y, in two directions parallel to the plate plane and crossing each other at right angles and a refractive index, n.sub.z, in the direction of the thickness of the plate, said refractive indexes n.sub.x, n.sub.y, and n.sub.z satisfying the following equation:0<(n.sub.x -n.sub.z)/(n.sub.x -n.sub.y)<1provided that n.sub.x >n.sub.y.