Abstract: An actuator includes a holder having a movement hole, a lens barrel which moves within the movement hole, and driving means for driving the lens barrel. Each of the driving means is provided with driving members composed of an artificial muscle. The lens barrel can be suitably moved within the movement hole by making the driving members perform a predetermined operation.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a high-brightness, small, low-cost optical apparatus which covers a wide-angle to super-wide-angle region and which reliably corrects various aberrations with a small number of lenses. [Solving Means] At least one negative lens unit 1, a meniscus lens 2 that is convex on an object side, an aperture stop S, and a double-convex positive lens 3 are arranged in order from the object side. At least one of the lenses positioned on the object side of the aperture stop S and the positive lens 3 include respective aspherical surfaces.

Abstract: A small-diameter positioning tube is formed in an external wall surface of a housing (upper case and lower case) that is a constructional element of a camera body via a stepped part. When the camera body is attached to a mounting base using screws, a positioning tube is fitted into an opening, and the stepped part is caused to abut on an outer peripheral edge of an upper surface of the opening. In this state, the screws are fastened so that the fastening force of the screws can be received by an abutting part between the stepped part and the opening. If the invention is constructed in this way, the fastening force of the screws does not directly act on the lens holding member that is received and fixed inside the housing, even if the camera body is firmly attached to the mounting base by the fastening force of the screws, any distortion caused in the lens holding member or a lens can be relieved.

Abstract: A front group is formed of a negative first lens as a meniscus lens which is convex at the object side and a negative second lens, and a rear group is formed of a biconvex positive third lens, an aperture stop, a negative fourth lens and a biconvex positive fifth lens. The first lens is a glass lens, and the second lens is a plastic aspherical lens. The following conditions are satisfied: ?2.4<fI/f<?1.55, 0.15<f2/f1<0.35, va<29, and vb>50, where f denotes a focal distance of a whole system, f1 denotes a focal distance of the first lens, f2 denotes a focal distance of the second lens, fI denotes a focal distance of the front group, va denotes an average value of abbe numbers of the third and the forth lenses, and vb denotes an average value of abbe numbers of the rest of the lenses.

Abstract: An illuminating device is disclosed., which is high brightness and able to reduce leaking light and preferably made thin. A front light has a light guide plate, a bar light guide body and a light emitting element. A prism shape for reflecting propagating light within the light guide plate and emitting this propagating light to the side of an emitting face of the light guide plate is formed on the emitting face of the light guide plate.

Abstract: A front group is formed of a negative first lens as a meniscus lens which is convex at the object side and a negative second lens, and a rear group is formed of a biconvex positive third lens, an aperture stop, a negative fourth lens and a biconvex positive fifth lens. The first lens is a glass lens, and the second lens is a plastic aspherical lens. The following conditions arc satisfied: ?2.4<fI/f<?1.55, 0.15<f2/f1<0.35, va<29, and vb>50, where f denotes a focal distance of a whole system, f1 denotes a focal distance of the first lens, f2 denotes a focal distance of the second lens, fI denotes a focal distance of the front group, va denotes an average value of abbe numbers of the third and the forth lenses, and vb denotes an average value of abbe numbers of the rest of the lenses.

Abstract: When a voltage is applied between outside electrodes and a common electrode that constitute driving parts of a driving unit provided between a holder holding a lens and a lens barrel, as shown in FIG. 9, respective dielectric elastomers provided in the driving parts are slightly deformed in a direction that is crushed in an X1–X2 direction. Thus, the entire lens can be slightly moved in the direction of an arrow (X2-direction). This enables an optical axis O?—O? of the lens to coincide with or get closer to a reference optical axis.

Abstract: In a front light, an intermediate light guide protrudes from a light guide plate toward a light emitting element in the direction along a light incident face of the light guide plate. A side face of the intermediate light guide opposing the light incident face serves as an emergent face from which light from the light emitting element is emitted to the light guide plate, and an outer side face remote from the emergent face serves as a reflecting face for reflecting light propagating inside the intermediate light guide. The outer side face of the intermediate light guide is provided with a prism face having a plurality of grooves of wedge-shaped cross section, and a reflective film formed thereon. The prism face is provided distant from an end face of the intermediate light guide close to the light emitting element.

Abstract: The invention provides a light guide member and an illuminating device which are able to efficiently uniformly irradiate illumination light to only an area requiring illumination. Therefore, a reflection face is constructed by reflection stripes such as many grooves, etc. widened in a concentric circle shape. Light from a light source unit is widened toward this entire reflection face without irregularities by a diffusing portion such as a reflection prism, etc. Thus, only the range actually requiring the illumination can be illuminated without irregularities, and visibility of the illumination range using a front light is raised.

Abstract: A flow path is formed in a zigzag shape to have a predetermined width from an upstream side to a downstream side. Accordingly, both side surfaces of the flow path divide the flow path into a plurality of regions from the upstream side to the downstream side to function as regulation surfaces for regulating the number of test particles filled inside the regions. Further, when a test is performed on each of the regions, the accumulated amount of tolerances of the test particles in the respective regions is small, which makes it possible to test the test particles with high accuracy.

Abstract: Light shielding portions are provided along a flow path on a top surface of a plate substrate at both sides, that is, an X1 side (right side) and an X2 side (left side) of the flow path. Then, when a fluorescent intensity is measured to determine whether a test sample reacts or not, a small amount of light emitted from the plate substrate and a lid body is also properly shielded by the light shielding portions, so that the stability of measuring the fluorescent intensity with respect to beads arranged inside the flow path can be improved.

Abstract: A testing plate includes a base body having a concave portion therein and a lid body. A space is formed by the concave portion and the lid body. Minute particles are arranged in the space, and plural types of position regulating units are arranged in the space. A plurality of position regulating portions are provided in the position regulating units, respectively, and the position regulating portions are arranged at regulation intervals which are respectively smaller than the diameters of the minute particles. The positions of the minute particles are respectively regulated by the position regulating units.

Abstract: A test plate includes a plate substrate and a lid body. The plate substrate includes a flow path; an upstream storage chamber that is connected to the upstream side of the flow path and stores an upstream material; and a downstream storage chamber that is connected to the downstream side of the flow path and stores a downstream material. At least a portion of a surface of a space from the upstream storage chamber to the downstream storage chamber through the flow path is composed of a water-repellent surface.

Abstract: An actuator includes a holder having a movement hole, a lens barrel which moves within the movement hole, and driving means for driving the lens barrel. Each of the driving means is provided with driving members composed of an artificial muscle. The lens barrel can be suitably moved within the movement hole by making the driving members perform a predetermined operation.

Abstract: When a voltage is applied between outside electrodes and a common electrode that constitute driving parts of a driving unit provided between a holder holding a lens and a lens barrel, as shown in FIG. 9, respective dielectric elastomers provided in the driving parts are slightly deformed in a direction that is crushed in an X1-X2 direction. Thus, the entire lens can be slightly moved in the direction of an arrow (X2-direction). This enables an optical axis O?-O? of the lens to coincide with or get closer to a reference optical axis.

Abstract: An illuminating device is disclosed., which is high brightness and able to reduce leaking light and preferably made thin. A front light has a light guide plate, a bar light guide body and a light emitting element. A prism shape for reflecting propagating light within the light guide plate and emitting this propagating light to the side of an emitting face of the light guide plate is formed on the emitting face of the light guide plate.

Abstract: An optical disk cartridge includes a casing having a pair of walls for accommodating an optical disk therein. In the optical disk cartridge, the walls of the casing are formed with clamping windows for clamping the disk at the central portions thereof, and are formed with reading and writing windows for reading information from the disk and writing information on the disk from the clamping windows to side edges of the casing. A shutter capable of opening and closing the clamping windows and the reading and writing windows is slidably provided. The horizontal size of the clamping windows along a sliding direction of the shutter is formed shorter than the vertical size thereof orthogonal to the sliding direction of the shutter.

Abstract: The invention provides a light guide member and an illuminating device which are able to efficiently uniformly irradiate illumination light to only an area requiring illumination. Therefore, a reflection face is constructed by reflection stripes such as many grooves, etc. widened in a concentric circle shape. Light from a light source unit is widened toward this entire reflection face without irregularities by a diffusing portion such as a reflection prism, etc. Thus, only the range actually requiring the illumination can be illuminated without irregularities, and visibility of the illumination range using a front light is raised.

Abstract: One major surface of a light guide plate is formed, in stripe form in a plan view, with a plurality of prism grooves each consisting of a slight slope and a steep slope. The inclination angles of the slight slope and the steep slope are in ranges of 1° to 10° and 41° to 45°, respectively. The width of the steep slope in the one major surface of the light guide plate increases as the position increases from a light incident surface of the light guide plate such that a ratio of the width of the steep slope at a position farthest from the light incident surface to the width of the steep slope at a position closest to the light incident surface is 1.1 to 1.5.

Abstract: In a front light, an intermediate light guide protrudes from a light guide plate toward a light emitting element in the direction along a light incident face of the light guide plate. A side face of the intermediate light guide opposing the light incident face serves as an emergent face from which light from the light emitting element is emitted to the light guide plate, and an outer side face remote from the emergent face serves as a reflecting face for reflecting light propagating inside the intermediate light guide. The outer side face of the intermediate light guide is provided with a prism face having a plurality of grooves of wedge-shaped cross section, and a reflective film formed thereon. The prism face is provided distant from an end face of the intermediate light guide close to the light emitting element.