Abstract: The steel material includes a chemical composition containing, in mass %, C: 0.15 to 0.45%, Si: 0.50% or less, Mn: 0.20 to 0.60%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Cr: 0.80 to 1.50%, Mo: 0.17 to 0.30%, V: 0.24 to 0.40%, Al: 0.005 to 0.100%, N: 0.0300% or less, O: 0.0015% or less, and the balance being Fe and impurities, and satisfying Formula (1) to Formula (4) described in Embodiment, wherein, in its microstructure, a total area fraction of ferrite and pearlite is 10.0% or more, and a proportion of a content of V (mass %) in electrolytic extraction residue to the content of V (mass %) in the chemical composition is 10.0% or less.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data encoding method includes encoding information of a current node included in an N-ary tree structure of three-dimensional points included in three-dimensional data, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. In the encoding, reference to information of a first node included in neighboring nodes spatially neighboring the current node is permitted, and reference to information of a second node included in the neighboring nodes is prohibited, the first node having a same parent node as the current node, the second node having a different parent node from the parent node of the current node.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data creation method for use in a vehicle including a sensor and a data receiver that transmits and receives three-dimensional data to and from an external device. The three-dimensional data creation method includes: creating second three-dimensional data based on information detected by the sensor and first three-dimensional data received by the data receiver; and transmitting, to the external device, third three-dimensional data that is part of the second three-dimensional data.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises a main body casing; a fixing unit which fixes a developer to a sheet by means of heating and pressurization; a fan which is provided to discharge air inside the main body casing to outside of the main body casing; and a controller. The fixing unit includes a heating unit which heats the sheet; and a temperature sensor which detects a temperature of the heating unit. When the fixing unit is fixing the developer to the sheet, the controller is configured to: determine a heating unit temperature based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor; stop the fan in a case of determining that the heating unit temperature is not less than a threshold value; and drive the fan in a case of determining that the heating unit temperature is less than the threshold value.

Abstract: A mirror unit 2 includes a mirror device 20 including a base 21 and a movable mirror 22, an optical function member 13, and a fixed mirror 16 that is disposed on a side opposite to the mirror device 20 with respect to the optical function member 13. The mirror device 20 is provided with a light passage portion 24 that constitutes a first portion of an optical path between the beam splitter unit 3 and the fixed mirror 16. The optical function member 13 is provided with a light transmitting portion 14 that constitutes a second portion of the optical path between the beam splitter unit 3 and the fixed mirror 16. A second surface 21b of the base 21 and a third surface 13a of the optical function member 13 are joined to each other.

Abstract: A vacuum valve includes a structure having: a container in which a fixed-side end plate and a movable-side end plate are fixed to both ends of an insulation cylinder; and an arc shield at an intermediate portion of the insulation cylinder. The vacuum valve includes: a voltage nonlinear resistance layer containing particles having a voltage nonlinear resistance characteristic at at least either one of an outer creepage surface or an inner creepage surface of the insulation cylinder. A filling rate of the particles in the voltage nonlinear resistance layer has a distribution along a film thickness direction, and a filling rate of the particles in an outermost layer is not greater than half of an average filling rate of the particles in an entirety of the voltage nonlinear resistance layer.

Abstract: An information generation method is performed by an information generation device which generates information for a learning model that infers whether a mobile object is movable in a predetermined region. The information generation method includes: obtaining at least (i) first information and (ii) second information when the mobile object moves in a first region, the first information being obtained from a sensor provided in the mobile object, the second information relating to movement of the mobile object; inferring whether the mobile object is movable in the first region according to the second information; and generating fourth information for a learning model, the fourth information associating the first information, the second information, and third information with one another, the third information indicating an inference result which is obtained in the inferring.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes plural image holding bodies that are provided for respective colors of toners and hold toner images having the respective colors, an intermediate transfer body onto which the toner images having the respective colors held by the plural image holding bodies are transferred, a waste toner collection unit that collects toners remaining on the intermediate transfer body as a waste toner in a case where the toner images having the respective colors transferred onto the intermediate transfer body are transferred onto a recording material, a waste toner developing unit that uses the waste toner collected by the waste toner collection unit to develop a toner image on an image holding body of the plural image holding bodies or the other image holding body of the plural image holding bodies, and a control unit that performs a control to cause the waste toner developing unit to develop the toner image in a case where a predetermined condition about a ratio of a waste toner having each

Abstract: An extensible boom is extended in an extension direction from a state of being rolled in a cylindrical form, the extension direction being one of short directions of the cylindrical form. Protruding portions and recessed portions are alternately formed at each of one end and another end in a long direction of the cylindrical form. The protruding portions at the one end are located opposite the recessed portions at the other end. The recessed portions at the one end are located opposite the protruding portions at the other end. When the extensible boom is extended along the extension direction, the protruding portions at the one end engage with the recessed portions at the other end, and the recessed portions at the one end engage with the protruding portions at the other end, such that a cylindrical shape is formed along the extension direction.

Abstract: A gauge carrier holds an optical fiber having a gauge portion provided in one axial part thereof. A center region has a predefined stiffness and holds the gauge portion. Length in the longitudinal direction of the gauge carrier is equal to or greater than length of the gauge portion. Two split regions each have a stiffness different from that of the center portion, total length of the split regions in the longitudinal direction of the gauge carrier is greater than the length of the center region in the longitudinal direction, one of the split regions is positioned in front of the center region and holds a part of the optical fiber that is in front of the gauge portion, and the other is positioned in back of the center region and holds a part of the optical fiber that is in the back of the gauge portion.

Abstract: A training method includes: obtaining an image and a distance image corresponding to the image; cutting a partial area out from the distance image obtained; generating an embedded image by pasting the partial area cut out from the distance image onto a predetermined area in the image, where the predetermined area is located at a position corresponding to the position of the partial area and has a size corresponding to the size of the partial area; and training a machine learning model, using training data including the embedded image as input data and the distance image as correct answer data.

Abstract: An extraction tool that is configured to extract an object inside a hole includes: a grip having an end; a first member including a non-contact part provided at the end of the grip and not being able to come into contact with the object, and a contact layer provided at the end of the non-contact part and being able to come into contact with the object; and a second member surrounding at least a part of the first member. The non-contact part of the first member can slide with respect to the second member.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data encoding method includes encoding information of a current node included in an N-ary tree structure of three-dimensional points included in three-dimensional data, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. In the encoding, reference to information of a first node included in neighboring nodes spatially neighboring the current node is permitted, and reference to information of a second node included in the neighboring nodes is prohibited, the first node having a same parent node as the current node, the second node having a different parent node from the parent node of the current node.

Abstract: A three-dimensional information processing method includes: obtaining, via a communication channel, map data that includes first three-dimensional position information; generating second three-dimensional position information from information detected by a sensor; judging whether one of the first three-dimensional position information and the second three-dimensional position information is abnormal by performing, on one of the first three-dimensional position information and the second three-dimensional position information, a process of judging whether an abnormality is present; determining a coping operation to cope with the abnormality when one of the first three-dimensional position information and the second three-dimensional position information is judged to be abnormal; and executing a control that is required to perform the coping operation.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data encoding method includes: generating an N-ary tree structure of three-dimensional points included in three-dimensional data, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2; generating first encoded data by encoding a first branch using a first encoding process, the first branch having, as a root, a first node included in a first layer that is one of layers included in the N-ary tree structure; generating second encoded data by encoding a second branch using a second encoding process different from the first encoding process, the second branch having, as a root, a second node included in the first layer and different from the first node; and generating a bitstream including the first encoded data and the second encoded data.

Abstract: A display method is a display method performed by a display device that operates in conjunction with a mobile object, and includes: determining which one of first surrounding information, which is video showing a surrounding condition of the mobile object and is generated using two-dimensional information, and second surrounding information, which is video showing the surrounding condition of the mobile object and is generated using three-dimensional data, is to be displayed, based on a driving condition of the mobile object; and displaying the one of the first surrounding information and the second surrounding information that is determined to be displayed.

Abstract: A three-dimensional information processing method includes: obtaining, via a communication channel, map data that includes first three-dimensional position information; generating second three-dimensional position information from information detected by a sensor; judging whether one of the first three-dimensional position information and the second three-dimensional position information is abnormal by performing, on one of the first three-dimensional position information and the second three-dimensional position information, a process of judging whether an abnormality is present; determining a coping operation to cope with the abnormality when one of the first three-dimensional position information and the second three-dimensional position information is judged to be abnormal; and executing a control that is required to perform the coping operation.

Abstract: A display method is a display method performed by a display device that operates in conjunction with a mobile object, and includes: determining which one of first surrounding information, which is video showing a surrounding condition of the mobile object and is generated using two-dimensional information, and second surrounding information, which is video showing the surrounding condition of the mobile object and is generated using three-dimensional data, is to be displayed, based on a driving condition of the mobile object; and displaying the one of the first surrounding information and the second surrounding information that is determined to be displayed.

Abstract: A calibrator for a camera includes a controlling circuit, a photographing circuit, a calculating circuit, and an instructing circuit. The controlling circuit is configured to control a movable body to move into a shooting area of the camera. A marker is provided on the movable body for calibration of the camera. The photographing circuit is configured to control the camera to photograph the marker. The calculating circuit is configured to calculate at least one parameter of the camera based on the photographed marker. The instructing circuit is configured to transmit the at least one parameter to the camera to calibrate the camera.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data creation method includes: creating first three-dimensional data from information detected by a sensor; receiving encoded three-dimensional data that is obtained by encoding second three-dimensional data; decoding the received encoded three-dimensional data to obtain the second three-dimensional data; and merging the first three-dimensional data with the second three-dimensional data to create third three-dimensional data.