Abstract: An image display apparatus configured by a display panel having an image memory element in a pixel, which achieves low power consumption. A nonvolatile image memory element 1, which can change the resistance value by phase change, is connected to a pixel electrode 25 of a liquid crystal element 5. The output of a thin-film transistor 17 driven by scanning and signal electrode lines 7, 9 is connected to the pixel electrode 25. When the scanning electrode line 7 is selected to have a high level voltage, the thin-film transistor 17 is turned on and a current signal flowing through the signal electrode 9 is sent through the image memory element 1 to a reference electrode line 15. Depending on the current value or pulse width passing through the image memory element 1, the resistance of the image memory element 1 is changed and is stored as a resistance value.

Abstract: An optical switch includes at least one light-receiving core for receiving an optical signal, a plurality of light-emitting cores which are used selectively for emitting the optical signal, and a plurality of waveguides connecting the light-receiving core and the plurality of light-emitting cores. A nonlinear optical element which, when pumped, changes its refractive index by 2% or above relative to the surroundings to control a traveling direction of the optical signal is disposed near at least one of the plurality of waveguides.

Abstract: Optical signals of which wavelength is multipled and which are transferred via an optical fiber 10 make incidence to refractive index distributing lens 34 and are converted into substantially parallel light beams, the optical signals converted make incidence into a polarized light conversion element 20a and are separated therein into two light beams and are emitted in a form of two linear polarized light beams of which polarization direction are aligned. The linear polarized light beams are separated by wavelength separation filters 28a, 28b and 28c, and make incidence with every two wavelength components either into a polarized light conversion element 20b or into polarized light conversion element 20c, and the optical paths for the light beams separated into two by the polarized light conversion element 20a are joined to form one light beam path for every waveform component.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical system that has superior optical characteristic and wear resistance and can be formed at low temperatures. An optical system 101 for adjusting visible light transmittance to have a desired value comprises fluoride 103, and at least part of the optical system has a crystal grain diameter of 3 nm to 10 nm. The fluoride 103 has a specific surface area of 1 m2/g to 5 m2/g.

Abstract: Optical signals of which wavelength is multipled and which are transferred via an optical fiber 10 make incidence to refractive index distributing lens 34 and are converted into substantially parallel light beams, the optical signals converted make incidence into a polarized light conversion element 20a and are separated therein into two light beams and are emitted in a form of two linear polarized light beams of which polarization direction are aligned. The linear polarized light beams are separated by wavelength separation filters 28a, 28b and 28c, and make incidence with every two wavelength components either into a polarized light conversion element 20b or into polarized light conversion element 20c, and the optical paths for the light beams separated into two by the polarized light conversion element 20a are joined to form one light beam path for every waveform component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a single-phase induction motor comprising a main winding, an auxiliary winding which is arranged so that an electrical angle of the auxiliary winding is different from that of the main winding, a plurality of driving capacitors which are connected to the auxiliary winding, a relay for controlling on/off of the driving capacitor in response to the driving load, and a rotor having apertures on the gap side of the slots. The invention further relates to a rotor assembling apparatus comprising a bush to which a rotor core assembly is inserted for die-casting, wherein a clearance between said bush and said rotor core assembly is narrower to the extent that said rotor core assembly can be taken out after die casting; and a core band having a clearance between the core band and the bush in the circumferential direction of said bush, said core band is engaged into said bush so that movement in the axis direction is restricted.

Abstract: The invention relates to a single-phase induction motor comprising a main winding, an auxiliary winding which is arranged so that an electrical angle of the auxiliary winding is different from that of the main winding, a plurality of driving capacitors which are connected to the auxiliary winding, a relay for controlling on/off of the driving capacitor in response to the driving load, and a rotor having apertures on the gap side of the slots. The invention further relates to a rotor assembling apparatus comprising a bush to which a rotor core assembly is inserted for die-casting, wherein a clearance between said bush and said rotor core assembly is narrower to the extent that said rotor core assembly can be taken out after die casting; and a core band having a clearance between the core band and the bush in the circumferential direction of said bush, said core band is engaged into said bush so that movement in the axis direction is restricted.

Abstract: A reflective-type display device having a light modulating layer, including a host dispersed with light scatterers, which is held between two transparent electrodes; and a light absorbing layer disposed in back of the light modulating layer. The size of each light scatterer or the nearest distance between the adjacent light scatterers is nearly equivalent to the wavelength of incident light at least in two-dimensional directions. The refractive index ratio relative to incident light between the light scatterers and host is changed from 1 to 1.5 or more depending on the magnitude of a voltage applied across the electrodes.

Abstract: An optical arrangement for an optical scanning apparatus which can record a plurality of high precision information concurrently, provides for a laser beam emitted from a single light source to be polarized in two polarization directions, and each of the two polarized beams is further imparted with different information according to its polarization direction. Then, the two polarized beams are used for scanning over a photosensitive member to concurrently record respective information at different positions on the photosensitive member. In order to suppress induced light fluctuation depending on an incident angle of light on the beam splitter, an optical rotation means is provided in the optical system, such that a desired optical rotation control can be obtained corresponding to the incident angle on the beam splitter, so as to compensate for the fluctuation of light whereby the beam splitter can be arranged to be free of the influence of the incidence angle of the beam.

Abstract: A high-speed image forming method and apparatus is capable of directly controlling a toner by the force of an energy beam. Selected toner particles in a mass of toner adhering to the surface of a transparent drum are irradiated with a laser beam emitted by a laser disposed within the transparent drum and controlled for scanning according to image information. The laser beam separates the selected toner particles from the transparent drum by the force it produces on the particles, and then the separated toner particles are moved to a paper sheet by the force of an electric field produced by a developing electrode. Each toner particle need only be irradiated with the light for a comparatively short period of time, so that an image can be formed at high speed.

Abstract: An optical information handling device in which reflectivity of the conventional reproduction-only type optical disk is lowered to 60% or less and is made equal to the reflectivity of write-once type and rewritable type optical disks, whereby interchangeability in these of these disks is possible.

Abstract: An optical disk apparatus includes a recording method in which at least one of the scanning position, the irradiation time, the irradiation start point and the irradiation power of a light beam is arbitrarily changed, and a method and apparatus in which information is represented by a plurality of recording marks without being limited to two kinds of recording and erasion. In order to prevent overlapping recording/erasion, a recording clock generating unit delays a reference clock signal to generate a recording clock signal and a recording control unit transfers user data to an optical head in synchronism with the recording clock signal so that it is recorded on an optical disk. Also, the amount of delay is recorded to enable sure reading or reproduction. At the time of reading, a servo mark detection signal is divided to generate a clock signal having a variable frequency, thereby realizing an optical disk for which high-precision recording/reproduction is possible.

Abstract: A reliable scroll-type compressor is provided which, even when the compressor is rotated in the reverse direction by the erroneous connection of the power source terminals for example, is prevented from establishing a vacuum state within the compression chamber and no damages occur in the addendum of the stationary scroll and the orbiting scroll. The compressor includes a gear pump which includes a pump case and a pump port. The arrangement of the present invention is such that the pump case alone rotates by 180 degrees upon the reverse rotation of the motor, so that lubricating oil which is at the bottom of a hermetic vessel can be ensured to be supplied by the gear pump to each sliding portion of the compressor.

Abstract: A reliable scroll-type compressor is provided which, even when the compressor is rotated in the reverse direction by the erroneous connection of the power source terminals for example, it prevented from establishing a vacuum state within the compression chamber and no damages occur in the addendum of the stationary scroll and the orbiting scroll. Since the sliding surface of the slider is arranged to have an angle so that the slider is moved therealong in the direction in which the revolution radius of the orbiting scroll of the compressor is decreased, a clearance is generated between the stationary scroll and the orbiting scroll upon the reverse rotation.

Abstract: The information processor uses a portable memory formed on a transparent substrate which is able to be overwritten by laser power modulation system. The memory includes a disk type recording medium rotatably incorporated within a thin case, and carries out write/read/erase by means of a first magnetic field application device, a second magnetic field application device, and an optical head radiating light through the case which has at least a transparent light-incident portion. The case includes therein a rotation means for rotating the recording medium within the case, thereby enabling even further reduction in size of the information processor.

Abstract: A reliable scroll-type compressor is provided which, even when the compressor is rotated in the reverse direction by the erroneous connection of the power source terminals for example, it is prevented from establishing a vacuum state within the compression chamber and no damages occur in the addendum of the stationary scroll and the orbiting scroll. Since the sliding surface of the slide is arranged to have an angle so that the slider is moved therealong in the direction in which the revolution radius of the orbiting scroll of the compressor is decreased, a clearance is generated between the stationary scroll and the orbiting scroll upon the reverse rotation.

Abstract: A reliable scroll-type compressor is provided which, even when the compressor is rotated in the reverse direction by the erroneous connection of the power source terminals for example, is prevented from establishing a vacuum state within the compression chamber and no damages occur in the addendum arranged to have an angle so that the slider is moved therealong in the direction in which the revolution radius of the orbiting scroll of the compressor is decreased, a clearance is generated between the stationary scroll and the orbiting scroll upon the reverse rotation.

Abstract: In a scroll type compressor, the cylindrical surface of the auxiliary shaft 5c is eccentric from the cylindrical surface of the main shaft 5b and the cylindrical surface of the rotor shaft 5d, in such a manner that the amount of eccentricity thereof satisfies the following condition: 1/10000<(amount of eccentricity)/(bearing span)<20/10000, and the direction of eccentricity thereof is in a range of from 0.degree. to 40.degree. in the direction of the centrifugal force of the upper balance weight 8 with respect to the direction in which the crank section 5a receives a gas compression load, and the main shaft 5b has an initial angle of relative inclination opposite to the angle of inclination which is formed by the gas pressure load and the centrifugal load of the balance weight. During the operation of the compressor, the load deflection angle and the initial deflection angle are canceled out by each other, so that the main bearing 3a and the main shaft 5b are held in parallel with each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical memory in which an optical recording medium is built in a case, and also to a memory apparatus. Recording, reproducing and erasing operations are performed by irradiating light via a transparent portion of the case onto the built-in optical recording medium. The optical recording medium built in the case has face vibrations with respect to the case, because it is moved within the case. The present invention is characterized by employing such a construction for optically mitigating irregular fluctuation in reflectivity caused by this face vibration. In the optical memory of the present invention, the reflectivity fluctuation caused by an interference effect made between reflection light from the case and air, and also reflection light from the optical recording medium and air due to the relative deviation in the face vibrations, may be reduced by antireflection films provided in the case and the optical recording medium.

Abstract: There is provided a compact and thin optical disk unit as a memory unit suitable for a portable computer such as a book type computer and a portable recording/reproducing apparatus. In the optical disk unit, the diameter of an objective lens is limited and a beam shaping prism, a beam splitter, a mirror and a 1/4 wavelength plate are formed into a unitary structure to make easy the optical axis adjustment of an optical head and ensure highly accurate assembling.