Abstract: The technology described herein is directed towards real-time monitoring of qubit states in quantum computers using a system based on rf-SQUIDs (radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference devices) and a direct current signal that is sourced to a superconducting quantum circuit wire, and measured by, a classical computing device. In one implementation, the rf-SQUIDs are positioned at strategic locations, between superconducting quantum circuit wires, in a quantum computer, such as before and after attenuators, and before parametric amplifiers. The direct current control signal facilitates the detection of magnetic flux and inductance without adding load or noise to the superconducting quantum circuit wires, which enhances the detection of qubit state changes. The monitoring and detection system dynamically and precisely monitors qubit state changes and provides real-time feedback to the quantum processing unit to adjust the qubit states, and thereby maintain the integrity of quantum computations.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed towards a self-healing communications network based on a trained model set that can autonomously identify and mitigate faults within the network. In one example implementation, described is a system that integrates advanced artificial intelligence (AI) into a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) framework of the communications network for self-healing of the network in the event that any RIS is compromised with respect to its ability to effectively redirect communications. The trained model set can detect faults and damage in the network in real-time, e.g., via an isolation forest model. For such anomalies, the trained model set (e.g., via a support vector machine model) can classify the fault, and autonomously reconfigure (via instructions from a deep reinforcement learning model) the RIS elements to bypass faulty components and restore optimal communication paths.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed towards phase-change material-based (e.g., chalcogenide) radio frequency components for use in the unit cells of a reconfigurable intelligent surface, and controlled to reconfigure the unit cells' operational characteristics based on user equipment location information. Artificial intelligence prediction based on user equipment location information preconfigures the patterns (per unit cell phase data) in anticipation of real-time reconfiguration, facilitating rapid reconfiguration of the reconfigurable intelligent surface, minimizing delays and enhancing overall system responsiveness and efficiency. The phase-change material determines the shape of the unit cells' resonating elements, and is real-time reconfigurable by the application of heat via a voltage pulse. By arranging the heating elements below the material, and actuating each one to provide resistive or conductive portions (e.g.

Abstract: A system and method comprising a reconfigurable metasurface to manipulate an electromagnetic wave includes a plurality of reconfigurable metasurface unit cells. Each of the plurality of reconfigurable metasurface unit cells includes a non-reconfigurable metal fixed center node, non-reconfigurable metal fixed ring, a plurality of metasurface reconfigurable split rings and a plurality of refractory heaters to selectably heat each of the plurality of metasurface reconfigurable split rings to switch, individually, a non-volatile phase change material of each of the plurality of metasurface reconfigurable split rings between a conductive state and dielectric state via a plurality of contact pads operatively coupled to the plurality of refractory heaters.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed towards increasing the secrecy capacity/performance of an intelligent reflective surface (IRS)-assisted communication system. Described is determining a location for placement of the IRS to achieve the maximum secrecy capacity with respect to a receiver in an environment. Gradient descent along with ray tracing, facilitates determination of the optimal placement, which can be used along with an alignment strategy of tile-allocation and phase-shift adjustment for the IRS to optimize the secrecy capacity within constraints. When implemented at the determined location, IRS-assisted communications result in significant improvement of the secrecy capacity performance for an (e.g., indoor) media communication network.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed towards a phase change material-based (e.g., chalcogenide) radio frequency switch matrix device. The switch matrix has phase change material-based switches between the device's ports, in which the phase change material switches are controlled to be in either conductive or nonconductive states, thereby respectively coupling or decoupling any port to any other port, e.g., in different operational states. A controller can selectively pulse the respective junctions of respective switches to independently determine their respective conductive or nonconductive states as needed for a specified operational state. In one implementation, the switch design is symmetrical. The phase change alloy switch device described herein provides high switching speeds, low insertion loss, good isolation and is relatively straightforward to fabricate.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed towards a tunable switched filter device including a switch matrix and selectively included or excluded fixed resonators/filters between input and output ports. Independent control of the switches of the switch matrix allows selection of different signal paths for routing a radio frequency signal from the device's input port to output port. The different signal paths can include different filters or combinations of filters, as well as a signal path that bypasses any filtering; a controller can determine which switches to open and close for each signal path. The switch matrix can be a phase change material-based (e.g., chalcogenide) radio frequency switch matrix device, in which each switch is controlled to be in either conductive (closed) or nonconductive (open) states. The tunable switched filter device can be fabricated as an ultra-compact, monolithic device that includes the switch matrix and the filters.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed towards a planar-type capacitor with a modified design (relative to standard capacitors), in which an array of interconnects facilitates electrical surface current flow between the first conductor and the second conductor, determines the self-resonant frequency of the capacitor, and provides an improved quality factor to an extent. The array (or enlarged area) of conducting interconnects results in capacitors with larger self-resonant frequency, e.g., having a substantially stable capacitance over a range of high radio frequencies, including millimeter wave frequencies. The designs described herein further decouple the capacitor's quality factor from the self-resonant frequency, based on a design modification to the shape of the RF signal port that changes the capacitor's parasitic inductance, facilitating greater flexibility in radio frequency component tuning. The modified capacitor provides benefits in various circuits, e.g.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed towards a capacitor with a modified design (relative to standard capacitors), in which a first conductor is coupled to a second conductor via a distributed array of conducting interconnects through a dielectric that separates the conductors. The array of interconnects facilitates electrical surface current flow between the first conductor and the second conductor, and determines the self-resonant frequency of the capacitor. The array (or enlarged area) of conducting interconnects, not present in standard capacitors, results in capacitors with larger self-resonant frequency, e.g., having a substantially stable capacitance over a range of high radio frequencies, including millimeter wave frequencies. This further provides an improved quality factor. The improvements resulting from the technology described herein facilitate more optimal surface current density. The modified capacitor provides benefits in various circuits, e.g.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed towards a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, in which MEMS micro-actuators are coupled to unit cells of the RIS. A unit cell's split ring includes a gap into which a laterally moveable metallic insert, of a laterally moveable beam, is inserted or retracted based on controlled voltages applied to MEMS actuators. When actuated, an actuator pushes the inserts attached to the laterally movable beam respect to the split rings' gaps (e.g., of a unit cell subgroup). The amount of lateral displacement of the metallic inserts is based on the voltages applied to the actuators, which changes the structure of the unit cell's geometry, whereby analog-like tuning of the unit cell's characteristics (including phase shift) is obtained. When combined with the voltage-controlled phase shifts of other unit cells of the RIS, beamforming of a reflected incoming electromagnetic wave is achieved.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed towards a quantum memory cell for writing, storing and reading a quantum bit (qubit) of information, based on variable coupling between a tunable interface resonator and quantum storage cavity. Tuning the resonators to the same frequency facilitates the energy exchange of qubit information, thereby transferring quantum information to or from the quantum storage cavity for a write operation or a read operation, respectively; detuning stores the quantum information in the quantum storage cavity by preventing transfer. One implementation uses rf-SQUIDs for tuning the tunable interface resonator, based on a control current, to the fixed resonance frequency of the quantum storage cavity. This facilitates fast frequency adjustments to tune and detune the tunable resonator, enabling management of the quantum state read/write operations. Also described is an integrated qubit monitoring system utilizing sense taps connected to the quantum storage cavity via the rf-SQUIDs.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed towards a cryogenic magnet-less circulator device, in which the circulator device is based on the spatiotemporal modulation of angular momentum for microwave photons, controlled using a modulated control signal. The circulator device is configured for integration with a quantum computer, e.g., to facilitate qubit measurements. The circulator topology and design are based on tank circuits, e.g., arranged in a star topology with different sets of radio frequency superconducting quantum interference devices (rf-SQUIDS) per tank circuit, that resonate out-of-phase based on the modulated control signal. The circulator can be fabricated on a layered superconducting chip using standard semiconductor processes, allowing one or more circulators to be integrated on the same superconducting chip as the qubits. A classical computer can be used to output the modulated control signal, and adapt the modulated control signal as needed under varying conditions.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed towards a quantum memory device comprising an array of independently addressable quantum memory cells for writing, storing and reading quantum bits (qubits) of information, based on variable coupling between tunable interface resonators and quantum storage cavities. Tuning the resonators of one quantum memory cell to the same frequency facilitates the energy exchange of qubit information, thereby transferring quantum information to or from the quantum storage cavity for a write operation or a read operation, respectively; detuning stores the quantum information in the quantum storage cavity by preventing transfer. One implementation uses rf-SQUIDs for tuning the tunable interface resonator. This facilitates fast frequency adjustments to tune and detune the tunable resonator, enabling the quantum state read/write operations. Different length resonator inductors for the quantum storage cavities in an array result in different resonance frequencies.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed towards a multi-bit random-access quantum memory (RAQM) system based on reconfigurable tunable resonators. The RAQM system includes an array of (e.g., four) tunable high-Q resonators which, when one is tuned to the same frequency as a common (shared) broadband tunable low quality resonator, strongly interact to write a qubit to the high-Q resonators, and similarly readout a previously stored qubit. The shared low-Q and multiple high-Q resonators can be fabricated in a monolithically-integrated stack, without consuming a large circuit footprint or chip area. The low-Q resonator can be coupled to an external feed-line to obtain the qubits through a circulator, facilitating efficient read/write operations from and to the quantum memory storage portion of the RAQM system. In one implementation, the circulator is a magnet-less circulator, facilitating deployment of the RAQM system at cryogenic temperatures.

Abstract: An electric drive module (EDM) for an electrified vehicle is provided. The EDM includes a housing; an electric motor; a single compound planetary gear set having a sun gear fixed to its input shaft, a single planetary carrier rotationally supporting pairs of compound planets in engagement with the sun gear and a ring gear, respectively; and first and second torque transfer devices (TTDs) coupled to the carrier. An output of the motor is connected to the input shaft and an output of the EDM is connected to a final drive gearset. The EDM is selectively switchable among: (i) a first gear where the first TTD is disengaged and the second TTD is engaged grounding the carrier to the housing, and (ii) a second gear where the second TTD is disengaged and the first TTD is engaged to couple for common rotation the carrier and the sun gear.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed towards a design and implementation of a reconfigurable surface that reflects an impinging electromagnetic signal, with a phase profile determined by the curvature of a flexible metallic ground plane beneath metallic resonating elements of the reconfigurable surface. The amount of curvature forms different gaps between portions of the flexible ground plane and the respective metallic resonating elements above those portions, and thus determines the shape of the reflected beam. In one implementation, four individually controllable linear actuators are mechanically coupled to the corners of the ground plane of a metasurface (panel). These actuators enable a curvature phase profile, by determining the amount of curvature of a flexible, metallic ground, which allows a reflected beam to be shaped. The design is low cost, yet operates on millimeter wavelength beams, which are useable in numerous wireless communication scenarios.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed towards a quantum memory device comprising an array of independently addressable quantum memory cells for writing, storing and reading quantum bits (qubits) of information, based on variable coupling between tunable interface resonators and quantum storage cavities. Tuning the resonators of one quantum memory cell to the same frequency facilitates the energy exchange of qubit information, thereby transferring quantum information to or from the quantum storage cavity for a write operation or a read operation, respectively; detuning stores the quantum information in the quantum storage cavity by preventing transfer. One implementation uses rf-SQUIDs for tuning the tunable interface resonator. This facilitates fast frequency adjustments to tune and detune the tunable resonator, enabling the quantum state read/write operations. Different length resonator inductors for the quantum storage cavities in an array result in different resonance frequencies.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed towards a tunable superconducting resonator with a relatively wide tuning range based on radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference devices (rf-SQUIDs). In one example implementation, the technology includes a multi-stacked capacitor, facilitating a large value capacitor using multi-layer superconducting thin films for an ultra-compact footprint. In one example design, a group of rf-SQUIDs are aligned between a transmission line/inductor in the resonator and a control line. When a small current is applied to the control line, the rf-SQUIDs' inductance, and consequently the resonator's total inductance, varies, whereby tuning the inductance is equivalent to tuning the resonant frequency for the resonator. In this way, a wideband tuning mechanism in a superconducting resonator is achieved using a relatively small, practical number of rf-SQUIDs and a straightforward application of controlled direct current.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed towards a quantum memory cell for writing, storing and reading a quantum bit (qubit) of information, based on variable coupling between a tunable interface resonator and quantum storage cavity. Tuning the resonators to the same frequency facilitates the energy exchange of qubit information, thereby transferring quantum information to or from the quantum storage cavity for a write operation or a read operation, respectively; detuning stores the quantum information in the quantum storage cavity by preventing transfer. One implementation uses rf-SQUIDs for tuning the tunable interface resonator, based on a control current, to the fixed resonance frequency of the quantum storage cavity. This facilitates fast frequency adjustments to tune and detune the tunable resonator, enabling management of the quantum state read/write operations. Also described is an integrated qubit monitoring system utilizing sense taps connected to the quantum storage cavity via the rf-SQUIDs.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed towards Butler matrix that can be implemented in a monolithic planar structure design for low-cost and scalable manufacturing. One implementation design is for a device that integrates the quadrature couplers, crossover couplers, and fixed phase-shift meandered lines of the Butler matrix, with a switch and an antenna array in a planar layout that eliminates the need for multiple layers of metallization. The implementation uses monolithic nonvolatile phase change material-based radio frequency (RF) switch elements for dynamic beamforming, by routing RF signals through the Butler matrix based on controlling conductive and nonconductive states of the phase change material corresponding to selectable switch ports. This facilitates dynamic, power-efficient reconfiguration within the Butler Matrix for flexible beam steering.