Abstract: For providing a read apparatus and a method of detecting deterioration of a disk, which can detect the deterioration of the disk securely at a low cost, when focus adjust and tracking adjust of an optical pick-up 3 can be acted normally within adjustable range by a servo DSP 5, the deterioration of the disk is detected based on a focus adjust value and a tracking adjust value.

Abstract: The present invention provides a direction finder antenna that includes an antenna mount having one flat portion and four extensible whip antenna elements respectively upright provided rotatably at antenna upright-provided points formed on one circumference at an antenna upright-provided surface. The four extensible whip antenna elements can be rotatably set to arbitrary angular positions lying in sector-shaped areas each having an open angle of 180° orthogonal to the one circumference, which are formed on the antenna upright-provided surface side, centering on the respective antenna upright-provided points at the antenna upright-provided surface.

Abstract: An information recording medium reproducing system has an insertion opening, a recording medium storing portion and a medium carrying device. Photodetectors are provided for detecting passing of the recording medium and for producing a passing signal when the medium passes. A controller is provided for controlling operation of the medium carrying device. The controller applies a discharge signal to the medium carrying device when the passing signal is not produced within a predetermined time, whereby the medium carrying device is actuated in discharge operation.

Abstract: A valve seat, press-fitted into a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, containing an iron-based sintered alloy, includes a valve-seating section and a head-seating section. The valve-seating section and the head-seating section are monolithically formed by a sintering process and form a double layer structure. The valve-seating section includes a first iron-based sintered alloy member that has a porosity of 10 to 25 percent by volume and a sintered density of 6.1 to 7.1 g/cm3 and contains hard particles dispersed in a matrix. The head-seating section includes a second iron-based sintered alloy member that has a porosity of 10 to 20 percent by volume and a sintered density of 6.4 to 7.1 g/cm3.

Abstract: A Michelson interferometer 1 of a thickness measuring device 100 comprises two optical cables 4 and 5 connected by an optical coupler 3, and the optical cables 4 and 5 are formed by polarization optical fibers 41 or the like, connected by the optical connectors 42 or the like. The optical connectors 42 or the like, are adjusted in angle and position by rotating the optical fibers 41 or the like, to be connected around the optical axis.

Abstract: There is disclosed an information reproduction apparatus (P) which reproduces music information recorded on a recording medium (DK) wherein the apparatus (P) has a CPU (14) which inhibits reproduction of music information recorded in compressed form based on a preset quality benchmark (e.g., a bit rate) for a sound quality of music information. The information reproduction apparatus (P) may further includes an operation section (15) used to set a quality range indicated by the quality benchmark, on a basis of which music information is inhibited from being reproduced. Using the apparatus, information recorded in a recording medium as a compressed file is reproduced without causing discomfort to a user.

Abstract: An iron-based sintered alloy material for a valve seat having improved wear resistance and reduced opposite aggressibility to a mating valve. The iron-based sintered alloy material contains 10% to 20% by area of first hard particles and 15% to 35% by area of second hard particles dispersed in a base matrix phase, the first and the second hard particles accounting for 25% to 55% by area in total. The first hard particles are composed of a cobalt-based intermetallic compound and have a size of 10 to 150 ?m and a hardness of at least 500HV0.1 and less than 800HV0.1. The second hard particles are composed of a cobalt-based intermetallic compound and have a size of 10 to 150 ?m and a hardness of at least 800HV0.1 and less than 1100HV0.1. Solid lubricant particles may also be dispersed in the base matrix phase.

Abstract: At each measurement time, measurement light is supplied from a measurement light source 11, and interference light obtained when reflected light from a semiconductor wafer W and reference light from a reference light generating section 14 are coupled is detected by a photodetector 15. A thickness calculating section 16 obtains a light intensity distribution representing the correlation between the light intensity of the interference light and the reference optical path length, selects a wafer upper surface peak and wafer lower surface peak from a plurality of light intensity peaks in the light intensity distribution using a predetermined selection criterion, and calculates the thickness of the semiconductor wafer W from the optical path length difference between the light intensity peaks.

Abstract: An information recording medium reproducing system has an insertion opening, a recording medium storing portion and a medium carrying device. Photodetectors are provided for detecting passing of the recording medium and for producing a passing signal when the medium passes. A controller is provided for controlling operation of the medium carrying device. The controller applies a discharge signal to the medium carrying device when the passing signal is not produced within a predetermined time, whereby the medium carrying device is actuated in discharge operation.

Abstract: A valve seat, press-fitted into a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, containing an iron-based sintered alloy, includes a valve-seating section and a head-seating section. The valve-seating section and the head-seating section are monolithically formed by a sintering process and form a double layer structure. The valve-seating section includes a first iron-based sintered alloy member that has a porosity of 10 to 25 percent by volume and a sintered density of 6.1 to 7.1 g/cm3 and contains hard particles dispersed in a matrix. The head-seating section includes a second iron-based sintered alloy member that has a porosity of 10 to 20 percent by volume and a sintered density of 6.4 to 7.1 g/cm3.

Abstract: At each measurement time, reflected light from a semiconductor wafer W or the like by measurement light from a measurement light source 11 is coupled to reference light from a reference light generating section 14, and interference light is detected by a photodetector 15. A raw thickness value calculating section 16b selects two light intensity peaks corresponding to the upper and lower surfaces of the wafer W from a light intensity distribution between an interference light intensity and a reference optical path length and calculates a raw thickness value. A statistical thickness value calculating section 16c executes statistical processing including data sorting, determination whether the raw thickness value falls within an allowable numerical value range, and determination of a thickness change line, thereby obtaining a statistical thickness value.

Abstract: An iron-base sintered alloy material for a valve sheet is a material in which a hard particle composed of one or more elements selected from C, Cr, Mo, Co, Si, Ni, S and Fe is dispersed in a base matrix phase, a porosity is 12 to 25% by volume ratio, and a density after sintering is 6.1 to 6.9 g/cm3. Thereby, production of iron oxide at operation of an internal combustion engine is accelerated, and the abrasion resistance is remarkably improved. It is preferable that a base matrix portion containing a base matrix phase and the hard particle has the composition containing a total of 10.0 to 40.0% of one or more selected from Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu, Co, V, Mn, W and C, and the balance substantially Fe. It is preferable that a solid lubricant particle of one or more selected from a sulfide and a fluoride is firther dispersed in a base matrix phase at 0.3 to 3.5% by area ratio.

Abstract: An information recording medium reproducing system has an insertion opening, a recording medium storing portion and a medium carrying device. Photodetectors are provided for detecting passing of the recording medium and for producing a passing signal when the medium passes. A controller is provided for controlling operation of the medium carrying device. The controller applies a discharge signal to the medium carrying device when the passing signal is not produced within a predetermined time, whereby the medium carrying device is actuated in discharge operation.

Abstract: An information recording medium reproducing system has an insertion opening, a recording medium storing portion and a medium carrying device. Photodetectors are provided for detecting passing of the recording medium and for producing a passing signal when the medium passes. A controller is provided for controlling operation of the medium carrying device. The controller applies a discharge signal to the medium carrying device when the passing signal is not produced within a predetermined time, whereby the medium carrying device is actuated in discharge operation.

Abstract: An information recording-reproducing apparatus includes carrier rollers 1a, 2a arranged in a carriage path having a width almost equal to a diameter of a large diameter disc, and a mechanical side switch PSW at one peripheral end of the carriage path. First and second optical detectors P1, P2 are arranged in the carriage path at an interval smaller than a diameter of the small diameter disc. The first optical detector P1 and the side switch PSW are arranged at an interval larger than the diameter of the small diameter disc, while the second optical detector P2 and the side switch PSW are arranged at an interval smaller than the diameter of the small diameter disc. The type of the disc as well as difference between the disc and an object other than the disc are determined based on the detection signals from the optical detectors P1, P2 and the side switch PSW.

Abstract: An information recording-reproducing apparatus includes carrier rollers arranged in a carriage path having a width almost equal to a diameter of a large diameter disc, and a mechanical side switch PSW at one peripheral end of the carriage path. First and second optical detectors are arranged in the carriage path at an interval smaller than a diameter of the small diameter disc. The first optical detector and the side switch are arranged at an interval larger than the diameter of the small diameter disc, while the second optical detector and the side switch are arranged at an interval smaller than the diameter of the small diameter disc. The type of the disc as well as difference between the disc and an object other than the disc are determined based on the detection signals from the optical detectors and the side switch.

Abstract: A camera incorporates a photo film support plate, which supports a back of photo film. The photo film has a magnetic recording area. An opening is formed in the photo film support plate. A magnetic head projects forwards from inside the opening, for recording information to and/or reading information from the magnetic recording area. A head base plate is mounted on a rear face of the photo film support plate to cover the opening, for supporting the magnetic head. Adhesive agent is applied to the periphery of the head base plate, and hardened for securing the head base plate to the photo film support plate. A pair of recesses are formed in a rear face of the head base plate in a vicinity of the periphery. The adhesive agent is disposed to extend from a front face of the head base plate to a surface of the recesses, which enlarge a contact area between the adhesive agent and the head base plate.

Abstract: At each measurement time, reflected light from a semiconductor wafer W or the like by measurement light from a measurement light source 11 is coupled to reference light from a reference light generating section 14, and interference light is detected by a photodetector 15. A raw thickness value calculating section 16b selects two light intensity peaks corresponding to the upper and lower surfaces of the wafer W from a light intensity distribution between an interference light intensity and a reference optical path length and calculates a raw thickness value. A statistical thickness value calculating section 16c executes statistical processing including data sorting, determination whether the raw thickness value falls within an allowable numerical value range, and determination of a thickness change line, thereby obtaining a statistical thickness value.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the absence or the presence of the occurrence of the abnormal insertion that a plurality of disc bodies each of which should be inserted separately one by one are inserted consecutively, provided with: a passing detecting device for detecting the passing of the disc body, mounted on the passing route of the disc body, and a determining device for determining the occurrence of the abnormal insertion if the detecting device detects the passing again after the detecting device detected the passing once.

Abstract: A first detector is provided for detecting an optical disc inserted in an opening of a reproducing system and for producing a first signal, and a second detector is provided on a reproducing device for detecting the disc carried to the device and for producing a second signal. A sensing circuit is provided for sensing a temporary reduction of a voltage of power supplied to the system and for producing a temporary reduction signal. A control means is provided to be responsive to the first signal and to the temporary reduction signal for operating a carrying device to carry the disc in an unloading direction, and in a loading direction when the disc reaches a predetermined position.