Abstract: An electronic filing system which can record an image reproduced from a photographed image of a developed film together with a photographic information pertaining thereto on a recording medium such as an optical disk. The system includes a device for reproducing an image from the photographed image of the film, a reading device for reading the photographic information recorded on the film, and a writing device for writing the reproduced image and photographic information on the recording medium.

Abstract: Photosensor rows are disposed in such a manner that one photosensor row is shifted by a half of a layout pitch of photosensors, relative to another adjacent photosensor row. Column direction charge transfer devices are disposed in such a manner that two column direction charge transfer devices are disposed between adjacent two photosensors in the row direction and one column direction charge transfer device is disposed between obliquely adjacent two photosensors.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming apparatus which adopts a simultaneous transfer and fixing method and is capable of obtaining a high-grade image which has high luster, a favorable balance of color and an excellent transparency. In an image forming apparatus provided with a transfer and fixing device which includes a heating roller and a pressure roller for transferring and fixing a toner image on an intermediate transfer body to a recording medium, the transferring and fixing operation is carried out using the heating roller and the pressure roller under a condition that the ratio a/b between the length a of a nip region N of the heating roller and the pressure roller in a direction A at the central portion of these rollers extending in a roller axial direction and the length b of the nip region N in the direction A at both ends of these rollers extending in the roller axial direction is set to be more than 0.8.

Abstract: A multiple-wound, three-phase, variable speed motor having N independent winding sets is driven by N inverters, each responding to 1/N of the torque and excitation current commands, and the torque current is limited as a function of N times the limiting current each inverter may tolerate, when all inverters are functioning. When M inverters fail, they are disconnected from the motor, the torque current is limited as function of N-M times the limiting current each inverter may tolerate. The remaining N-M inverters may each respond to 1/(N-M) of the torque and excitation commands. The excitation current may be maximized as (N-M) times the limiting current divided by the square root of two. The speed command may be predetermined by the integration over an acceleration interval, of the maximum acceleration achievable with torque available from those of the inverters which have not failed, in view of the inverters' current limits.

Abstract: A camera is provided with a photographing device for setting various photographing conditions which determine a state of a subject image to be obtained as a picture, the photography device including an exposure device having a Plurality of selectively settable exposure modes for automatically setting at least one exposure value based on brightness of a subject, a mode selector for selecting one of the plurality of exposure modes, a calculation unit for calculating an amount indicative of the state of the subject image in accordance with the photographing conditions set by the photography device, an estimation unit for estimating visual effects which the subject image provides based on the calculated state amount, and a display device for displaying the visual effect corresponding to the exposure mode selected by the mode selection means in accordance with the estimated visual effects.

Abstract: In vector control apparatus and method for a three-phase multiplex winding motor, a plurality of inverters are installed, each inverter operatively driving a corresponding one of multiplex windings of the motor and a plurality of inverter controllers are installed whose number corresponds to that of the inverters. Each controller includes: a decoupling voltage calculator for calculating d-axis and q-axis voltage setting values V.sub.1 d* and V.sub.1 q* on the basis of an excitation instruction value Io*, a torque instruction value I.sub.T *, d-axis-and-q-axis current instruction values i.sub.1 d* and i.sub.1 q* which are quotients of the excitation instruction value Io* and the torque instruction value I.sub.T * divided respectively by the multiplex number N of the windings of the motor, and a power supply frequency .omega. which is an addition of a slip frequency .omega.s to a rotor revolution frequency .omega.

Abstract: A method of forming an image for transferring, to a predetermined recording medium, a toner image transported to a transfer position by a toner image support for supporting the toner image and transporting the image from a predetermined toner image forming position to a predetermined toner image transfer position, wherein the method comprises the steps of:adhering a transported toner image to the recording medium, and transferring and fixing the image under heating; andusing a recording medium which has a thermoplastic light transmissive resin layer disposed on the surface of a substrate, and in which a tensile modulus of elasticity E (N/mm.sup.2) in a cross direction (CD direction) of the substrate of the recording medium and a thickness (t) mm of the substrate satisfy the following relation (1):E.multidot.t.sup.3 .gtoreq.8(N.multidot.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus heats and presses a toner image retaining medium, with a toner image being formed thereon, and a sheet of print paper in face-contact with each other so that the toner image is transferred and simultaneously fixed onto the print paper, and rectifies the curling of the face-contact medium and paper during the heat-pressing process, thereby attaining a high print quality without creases on the paper which would otherwise emerge due to the heat-pressing process.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus such as a printer and a copying machine, employs a simultaneous transfer and fixing method to obtain a highly lustrous image of high image quality, free of uneven lusterand disordered pixels over the entire density area. Assuming the outside diameter of the convex side roll to be R (mm), the hardness of hardness test of durometer type A and the thickness of the surface layer of the concave side roll to be HR (degree) and dR (mm) respectively, the hardness of hardness test of durometer type A and the thickness of the surface layer of the toner image carrier in contact with the recording medium to be Hb (degree) and db (.mu.m) respectively, and the nip width to be N (mm), the material and thickness of each surface layer for these two rolls and the intermediate transfer belt are selected so as to satisfy the following relationship:(Hb/HR)>0.8566 Ln{(N.sup.2 /R).multidot.(db/dR)}-0.5077where Ln<X> represents natural logarithm of X.

Abstract: A driving method for a solid-state image sensing device includes the steps of: transferring signal charges generated at pixels (12) arranged in odd rows in the column upward direction through vertical transfer paths (13) each arranged for each column; temporarily accumulating the upward transferred signal charges for one field at a first accumulation region (14) and transferring the accumulated signal charges row by row in sequence for each field period through other vertical transfer paths (18) to a first horizontal path (16); transferring the upward transferred signal charges in the horizontal row direction row by row through the first horizontal transfer path (16); transferring signal charges generated at pixels (12) arranged in even rows in the column downward direction through the same vertical transfer paths (13); temporarily accumulating the downward transferred signal charges for one field at a second accumulation region (15) and transferring the accumulated signal charges row by row in sequence for e

Abstract: In still frame images from a film, the first frame of an image block is produced in a fade-in manner for gradually outputting a picture. If the end of a beginning part of a theme block is detected from information for a next frame, the process is advanced to a step to select a production method including relevantly large movement on the assumption that the scene is moved to an intermediate part of the theme block. If the intermediate part is ended, a different production method including relevantly small movement is selected on the assumption that the scene is moved to an end part.

Abstract: An inertia lowering control apparatus for a two-mass inertia system, the two-mass inertia system having a motor (induction motor), a load of the motor, and a flexible drive shaft having a low rigidity interconnected between the motor and load, is used to suppress an axially torsional vibration occurring on the flexible shaft in the two-mass inertia system. For example, the first-order lag filter having a transfer function as 1/(1+ST.sub.F) is added at an output portion of the Simulator Following Control section which serves as a disturbance suppression circuit together with a shaft torque estimating observer to estimate a shaft applied torque .tau..sub.S. A simulation of the above-described example indicated that even if the observer gain of the shaft torque estimating observer was relatively small, the effect of suppressing the axially torsional vibration was remarkable.

Abstract: An electrostatic recording head comprises an insulating substrate having a builtup structure thereon. The builtup structure includes, in the following order, a plurality of dielectric electrode strips having portions which are arranged in parallel to and kept away from one another, a first insulating layer, a plurality of discharge electrode strips each extending to intersect with the respective portions of the dielectric electrode strips, a second insulating layer having a plurality of openings to form part of an ion generating space region at individual intersected portions of said discharge electrode strips and said dielectric electrode strips, and a screen electrode which is provided to complete each ion generating space region in association with the second insulating layer and has a plurality of openings, through which ions are passed, corresponding to the respective ion generating space regions.

Abstract: A process for preparing mesophase pitch based carbon fibers is disclosed, wherein mesophase pitch fibers are gas-phase nitrated in an atmosphere of an oxygen-containing gas such as air or an inert gas such as nitrogen containing 0.1 to 50% by volume of NO.sub.2 at a low temperature of not higher than 100.degree. C. for a long period of time. The carbon fibers thus obtained are excellent in both mechanical strength and elastic modulus and have well-balanced physical properties.

Abstract: A silicon nitride powder which provides a water-based slurry with a low viscosity and a high powder concentration. The silicon nitride powder has a specific surface area of 6 to 25 m.sup.2 /g, a number of coarse particles of coarse primary particles, agglomerated particles and/or fused particles, and having a size of 3 to 50 .mu.m, of not more than 1000 per 1 cm.sup.3 of the powder, a number of foreign metallic particles, having a size of more than 20 .mu.m, of not more than 3 per 1 cm.sup.3 of the powder, and a number of foreign metallic particles, having a size of 10 to 20 .mu.m, of not more than 15 per 1 cm.sup.3 of the powder.

Abstract: A crystalline silicon nitride powder having a high specific surface area and an enhanced sintering property is produced with a high producibility and a large scale, by calcining a silane material comprising at least one nitrogen-containing silane compound in a nitrogen-containing inert gas mixed with 0.1 to 5%, based on the total volume of the mixed gas, of molecular oxygen, preferably at 600.degree. to 1200.degree. C.; baking the resultant amorphous silicon nitride powder in a nitrogen-containing inert gas preferably at 1400.degree. to 1700.degree. C.; and milling the resultant crystalline silicon nitride powder in a mixed gas atmosphere comprising 5 to 40% by volume of molecular oxygen and the balance consisting of an inert gas preferably at 0.degree. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A silicon nitride powder containing .beta.-phase and .alpha.-phase at a ratio by weight (.beta./.alpha.) of from 0.018 to 0.032, and composed of crystallites 0.2 .mu.m or less in diameter.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a spinning nozzle having one or more discharge openings and one or more introduction openings located upstream the discharge openings for producing pitch-based carbon fibers characterized by the presence of one or more spiral members in each introduction openings. According to the nozzle of the present invention, part of the pitch which is introduced to the introduction opening flows down along the spiral member while the flow of the pitch is affected by the spiral member. The remaining pitch flows into the discharge opening without being in contact with the spiral member, and then both are spun after being mixed through the discharge opening to prepare carbon fibers having a random structure. Especially, the carbon fibers of higher performances can be prepared when a spiral having uneven outer diameters is employed.

Abstract: In a method for overlap welding the inner surface of an elbow pipe, the elbow pipe is first divided axially into several pieces. These pieces are then stacked such that the inner arc of any piece is continuous with the outer arc of neighboring piece(s) to form an elbow piece stack. The inner surface of this stack may then be automatically overlap welded to a high uniformity of thickness using a relatively simple welding method. By fixing a short straight end tube to each end of the elbow piece stack it becomes possible using a relatively simple welding method to automatically overlap weld the entire surface area of the inner surface of the elbow piece stack continuously and to a high uniformity of thickness thus further improving productivity and quality of finish. The welded stack of elbow pieces is then dismantled and the elbow pipe is reassembled from the separate pieces.

Abstract: A speed estimation observer for a motor control system outputs a motor speed estimate in a motor speed control system upon receiving a torque command and an averaged motor speed value. The speed estimation observer includes a time lag correction value calculating block for implementing a correction of a model output speed estimate. Therefore, the accuracy and stability of the speed estimation are improved, and the control system keeps the stability in a speed range of low to high speed and ensures the disturbance suppressing effect in a high speed range.