Abstract: An image bearing member is provided, including a substrate and a surface layer formed by optically curing at least a radical polymerizable compound with a charge transport structure and a radical polymerizable monomer without a charge transport structure, wherein the transmission factor of the surface layer for light having a wavelength by 25 nm longer than an absorption end wavelength of photo-absorption spectrum of the surface layer prior to optical curing is not less than 65%.

Abstract: An image forming method including: forming an electrostatic latent image on an image bearing member; developing the latent image with a toner; transferring the toner image onto a receiving material; and fixing the toner image. The image bearing member includes a substrate, and a charge generation layer, a charge transport layer and a crosslinked charge transport layer, wherein the crosslinked charge transport layer includes a compound obtained from radical polymerizable monomers including a monomer having three or more functional groups and no charge transport structure and a monomer having one functional group and a charge transport structure. The toner includes a binder resin, a colorant, and a release agent, wherein tetrahydrofuran-soluble components of the binder resin have a molecular weight distribution such that at least one peak is observed in a range of from 1,000 to 10,000 and the half-width of the molecular weight distribution curve is not greater than 15,000.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing infectious hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles, comprising a step of introducing an expression vector into a cell that allows HCV proliferation, such expression vector comprising: DNA sequences encoding the 5? untranslated region, structural proteins, and, if necessary, non-structural proteins of HCV and DNA sequences encoding non-structural proteins and the 3? untranslated region derived from the HCV JFH1 strain, which are located downstream of a polymerase I promoter; and a DNA fragment containing an RNA polymerase I terminator, which is located further downstream thereof.

Abstract: A photoconductor comprising a photosensitive layer disposed on a support, wherein the photosensitive layer has a crosslinked layer and the crosslinked layer is produced by curing a dispersion in which at least one of an acryl-modified polyoraganosiloxane having a radical reactivity and an acryl-modified polyoraganosiloxane having an amine structure is dispersed in a radical polymerizable monomer.

Abstract: A photoconductor comprising a photosensitive layer disposed on an support, wherein the photosensitive layer has at least a crosslinked layer and the crosslinked layer is produced by curing at least a radical polymerizable monomer having three or more functionalities and no charge transport structure and a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transport structure through irradiating a light energy in an atmosphere having a low oxygen concentration of 0.001 vol % to 2.0 vol %.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises units obtained from a radical polymerizing monomer, in which an aliphatic group having two radical polymerizing groups and a charge transporting group including no radical polymerizing group are connected to each other in a single bond, at the surface thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a recombinant hepatitis C virus-like particle comprising the steps of introducing into (i) a cell in which an RNA replicon comprising a nucleotide sequence comprising the 5? untranslated region, the nucleotide sequence coding for the NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B proteins, and the 3? untranslated region of a genome RNA derived from a hepatitis C virus strain autonomously replicates, (ii) a vector expressing the Core, E1, E2, and p7 proteins derived from a hepatitis C virus strain that is the same as or different from that as defined in the above (i), culturing the cell, and recovering the produced virus-like particle, and a recombinant hepatitis C virus particle produced by this method.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor that is excellent in the stability of image quality and can realize high durability is provided. In an electrophotographic photoconductor in which an underlying layer, a photoconductive layer, and a crosslinked-type charge transportation layer are stacked on an electrically conductive support in order, the underlying layer is composed of at least two layers being a layer containing an inorganic pigment and a layer including no inorganic pigment, and the crosslinked-type charge transportation layer is formed by curing, at least, a three-or-more-functional radical-polymerizable monomer having no charge transporting structure and a radical-polymerizable compound having one-functional charge transporting structure.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer overlying the electroconductive substrate. An outermost layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is a crosslinked layer including a radical polymerizing monomer having three or more functional groups without a charge transporting structure. The outermost layer also includes a radical polymerizing compound having one functional group with a charge transporting structure and a reactive silicone compound having a radical polymerizing functional group.

Abstract: An image forming process using an electrostatic latent image carrier containing a support and a photoconductive layer including: a charge generating layer, a charge transportable layer, and a cross-linked charge transportable layer which are disposed on the support in this order and the cross-linked charge transportable layer comprises a compound produced by the reaction between a trifunctional or more functional radical-polymerizable compound having no charge transportable structure, and a monofunctional radical-polymerizable compound having a charge transportable structure, and a toner produced in the form of particles by producing an adhesive base material through reacting a compound having an active hydrogen group with a polymer which can be reacted with the above-noted compound having an active hydrogen group in an aqueous medium.

Abstract: An image bearing member including an electroconductive substrate, a charge generating layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate, a charge transport layer located overlying the charge generating layer, the charge transport layer comprising a charge transport material and a protective layer having a thickness of from 3 to 15 ?m located overlying the charge transport layer, wherein the density of the charge transport material in the protective layer at depth of 2 ?m from the surface of the charge transport layer satisfies the following relationship: 10(%)?(Charge transport material)/{(Radical polymerizable monomer having a charge transport structure)+(Radical polymerizable monomer having no charge transport structure)+(Charge transport material)}×100?30(%).

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including: an electrophotographic photoreceptor; a non-contact charger located close to the electrophotographic photoreceptor, charging the electrophotographic photoreceptor; an irradiator irradiating the electrophotographic photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image thereon; an image developer developing the electrostatic latent image with a toner to form a toner image on the electrophotographic photoreceptor; and a transferer transferring the toner image onto a transfer material, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises: an electroconductive substrate; a charge generation layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate; a charge transport layer located overlying the charge generation layer; and a crosslinked charge transport layer, located overlying the charge transport layer, wherein the crosslinked charge transport layer is formed by hardening a radical polymeric monomer having three or more functional groups without a charge transport structu

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including a crosslinked material including: units obtained from a radical polymerizing monomer A having three or more radical polymerizing groups; a compound B having the following formula (1): B1—Ar1—CH?CH—Ar2—B2 ??(1) wherein Ar1 represents a substituted or an unsubstituted monovalent group or bivalent group formed of an aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton; Ar2 represents a monovalent group or a bivalent group formed of an aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton or heterocyclic compound skeleton having one or more tertiaryamino group; and at least one of B1 and B2 is a hydrogen atom, and the other is an acryloyloxy group; a methacryloyloxy group; a vinyl group; an alkyl group having an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group or a vinyl group; or an alkoxy group having an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group or a vinyl group; and a photo polymerization initiator.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including: an electroconductive substrate; a first undercoat layer including no metal oxide, located overlying the electroconductive substrate; a second undercoat layer including a metal oxide and a binder resin, located overlying the first undercoat layer; and a photosensitive layer located overlying the second undercoat layer, wherein the metal oxide included in the second undercoat layer has a specific resistivity not less than 107 ?·cm and a block isocyanate compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoconductor including, an uppermost crosslinked surface layer including a cured product of a crosslinked surface layer composition containing a tri- or more functional radical-polymerizable monomer having no charge transportable structure, organosilica sol, an isocyanate group-containing radical-polymerizable monomer, and a curable charge transport material.

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic photoconductor that comprises a support and a cross-linked layer formed over the support, wherein the cross-linked layer comprises at least light curable of radically polymerizable compound, the difference of maximum value of the post-exposure electrical potential and minimum value of the post-exposure electrical potential when writing is conducted under the condition that image static power is 0.53 mW, exposure energy is 4.0 erg/cm2 for the electrophotographic photoconductor is within 30V.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate, wherein an outermost layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is a crosslinked layer, including: a urethane oligomer having a radical polymerizing functional group; and a radical polymerizing compound having one functional group with a charge transporting structure, or a radical polymerizing oligomer having a polyester structure; a radical polymerizing compound having three or more functional groups without a charge transporting structure; and a radical polymerizing compound having one functional group with a charge transport structure, and wherein the outermost layer has an elasticity power not less than 41%.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer, located overlying the electroconductive substrate; and a crosslinked resin surface layer, located overlying the photo sensitive layer, wherein the crosslinked resin surface layer includes a crosslinked body of trimethylolpropanetriacrylate, isocyanate including a radical polymerizable functional group and a heat or a light-curable charge transport material.

Abstract: An image bearing member including an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate and a cross linking surface layer comprising a charge transport curing compound and located overlying the photosensitive layer, wherein the charge transport curing compound includes a material including a structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula A: Chemical formula A where R1 to R5 and R1? to R5? independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R6 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and X represents an alkylene group having a straight chain or a branched chain having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including an electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer overlying the electroconductive substrate, which includes a crosslinked layer at the surface thereof, wherein the crosslinked layer is formed by a method including: coating a coating liquid, which includes a solvent; a radical polymerizing monomer having three or more functional groups and no charge transportable structure; and a radical polymerizing compound having a charge transportable structure on the photosensitive layer; and irradiating the coating liquid to be hardened while the surface of the photosensitive layer is controlled to have a temperature not higher than a boiling point of the solvent.