Abstract: A process for the semiconductor laser diode is disclosed, which prevents the abnormal growth occurred at the second growth for the burying region of the buried hetero structure. The ICP (Induction-Coupled Plasma) CVD apparatus forms a silicon oxide file with a thickness of above 2 ?m as adjusting the bias power PBIAS. Patterning the silicon oxide mask and dry-etching the semiconductor layers, a mesa structure including the active layer may be formed. As leaving the patterned silicon oxide film, the second growth for the burying region buries the mesa structure. The residual stress of the silicon oxide film is ?250 to ?150 MPa at a room temperature, while, it is ?200 to 100 MPa at temperatures from 500 to 700° C.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric-film-type electron emitter of high durability exhibiting suppressed reduction in electron emission quantity, which reduction would otherwise occur with repeated use of the electron emitter. The electron emitter includes a substrate, a lower electrode, an emitter layer, and an upper electrode. The upper electrode has a plurality of openings, and an emitter section located on the top surface of the emitter layer is exposed through the openings to a reduced-pressure atmosphere. The electron emitter is configured so that when a pulse drive voltage Va is applied between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, electrons are accumulated on the emitter section, and then the electrons are emitted toward the reduced-pressure atmosphere. The emitter layer contains a primary component (i.e., a ferroelectric composition) and an additional component.

Abstract: Provided are a dielectric element and an electron emitter exhibiting suppressed deterioration of element characteristics, which deterioration would otherwise occur with repeated use thereof. An electron emitter (i.e., a dielectric element) of the present invention is configured so as to operate through application of a predetermined driving electric field to an emitter layer. The emitter layer is formed of a dielectric layer containing, as a primary component, a PMN-PT-PZ ternary solid solution composition, and having a Curie temperature Tc (° C.) falling within a range of 60?Tc?150.

Abstract: This method of forming a carbonaceous material projection structure includes: the step of applying a resist 11 onto a diamond substrate 10; the step of forming holes 12 in the applied resist 11, the holes 12 being provided according to a predetermined arrangement, a wall 12b of each of the holes 12 being inversely tapered from an aperture 12a toward a bottom; the step of depositing a mask material through the aperture 12a to form a mask deposition 14 in each of the holes 12; the step of lifting off a mask material 13 deposited on the resist 11 together with the resist 11; and etching the diamond substrate 10 using the mask deposition 14 as a mask to form a carbonaceous material projection.

Abstract: An ink composition useful in an oil-based ballpoint pen capable of drawing a satisfactory line on the surfaces of various materials to be written which are not only papers but also non-permeable materials such as glasses and plastics as well as fibrous materials such as fabrics is provided. Such a ink composition comprises a colorant, an organic solvent having a vapor pressure of 5.0 to 50 mmHg (20° C.) as a main solvent, such as n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and propylene glycol monomethyl ether and a shear-viscosity reducing agent.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric-film-type electron emitter of high durability exhibiting suppressed reduction in electron emission quantity, which reduction would otherwise occur with repeated use of the electron emitter. The electron emitter includes a substrate, a lower electrode, an emitter layer, and an upper electrode. The upper electrode has a plurality of openings, and an emitter section located on the top surface of the emitter layer is exposed through the openings to a reduced-pressure atmosphere. The electron emitter is configured so that when a pulse drive voltage Va is applied between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, electrons are accumulated on the emitter section, and then the electrons are emitted toward the reduced-pressure atmosphere. The emitter layer contains a primary component (i.e., a ferroelectric composition) and an additional component.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical waveguide device that is capable of reducing the imbalance in the refractive index profile of a core, and an optical waveguide device that has the reduced imbalance in the refractive index profile are provided. The method of manufacturing an optical waveguide device has the steps of forming a groove in a first cladding layer having a first dopant that lowers the refractive index of the first cladding layer below the refractive index of pure silica glass, forming a core in the groove, and forming a second cladding layer having a second dopant that lowers the refractive index of the second cladding layer below the refractive index of pure silica glass, over the first cladding layer and the core.

Abstract: The present invention provides a semiconductor laser diode prevents not only the adhesion of the upper electrode but the heat dissipation of the mesa from degrading. The laser diode includes a substrate, portion of which forms a mesa including an active layer, an insulating layer formed so as to bury the mesa, and an electrode formed on the mesa and the insulating layer. This insulating layer may be selected from SiO2, SiON, SiN, Al2O3 or ZrO2 and formed by the inductive coupling plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (ICP-CVD) technique.

Abstract: The present invention provides a glass optical waveguide device that comprises silica glass and is usable despite a relatively large refractive index difference between its core layer and cladding layer, and a method of manufacturing such device. This optical waveguide device includes a core layer on or over a substrate and a cladding layer that covers the core layer, wherein the core layer is made of silica glass containing an additive for raising the refractive index, and the relative refractive index difference of the core layer with respect to the cladding layer is at least 2.5%.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical waveguide device that is capable of reducing the imbalance in the refractive index profile of a core, and an optical waveguide device that has the reduced imbalance in the refractive index profile are provided. The method of manufacturing an optical waveguide device has the steps of forming a groove in a first cladding layer having a first dopant that lowers the refractive index of the first cladding layer below the refractive index of pure silica glass, forming a core in the groove, and forming a second cladding layer having a second dopant that lowers the refractive index of the second cladding layer below the refractive index of pure silica glass, over the first cladding layer and the core.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical waveguide device with low scattering loss is provided. This method comprises, in the following order, the steps of forming a groove by etching in a cladding member having a glass region including a first dopant that lowers the softening temperature of the glass region, heat treating the cladding member at a temperature that is higher than the lowered softening temperature, forming a core within the groove, and forming an overcladding layer composed of glass including a second dopant over the core and the cladding member. Alternatively, this method comprises the steps of forming a groove by etching in a cladding member having a glass region including one of elemental germanium, elemental phosphorus, and elemental boron, heat treating the cladding member after the formation of the groove, forming a core within the groove, and forming an overcladding layer over the core and the cladding member.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing an optical waveguide device, the surface of a core can be planarized in a concaving process. In this manufacturing method, a plasma CVD apparatus having a coil for producing plasma and a table for mounting products is used. In the method, a first cladding having a concavity is mounted on the table, a core film is formed on the first cladding while high-frequency electric power P1 is supplied to the coil and high-frequency electric power P2 is supplied to the table, a resist film is formed on the core film, a core is formed in the concavity by etching the resist film and the core film, and a second cladding is formed on the first cladding and the core.

Abstract: The present invention provides a glass optical waveguide device that comprises silica glass and is usable despite a relatively large refractive index difference between its core layer and cladding layer, and a method of manufacturing such device. This optical waveguide device includes a core layer on or over a substrate and a cladding layer that covers the core layer, wherein the core layer is made of silica glass containing an additive for raising the refractive index, and the relative refractive index difference of the core layer with respect to the cladding layer is at least 2.5%.

Abstract: A fastening device for facilitating temporary fastening of an electronic component to a circuit board. The fastening device includes a base embedded in an electronic device and two elastic plates extending from the base. Each elastic plate includes a diagonal portion, which extend diagonally relative to the plane of the circuit board, and a leg, which extends continuously from the diagonal portion. When the legs are inserted through a connecting hole of the circuit board, the resilient force of the elastic plates presses the diagonal portions against the wall of the connecting hole.

Abstract: An imaging system for use with a patrol car includes at least one image pick-up device, a memory device, and a controller. The controller executes instructions to store image information captured by the image pick-up device in the memory device. Various operating modes of the imaging system may be selected based in part upon the operating conditions of the patrol car. Recording and transmitting of the image information may be performed manually or automatically, depending upon the operator of the system and the conditions of the patrol car. Both the interior of the patrol car (i.e., rear seat), and the environment outside of the patrol car (i.e., to the front and rear of the vehicle), may be recorded by the image pick-up systems. Additionally, automatic control such as 360° views upon reaching a desired destination may be performed based upon the configuration of the imaging system.

Abstract: An ink composition useful in an oil-based ballpoint pen capable of drawing a satisfactory line on the surfaces of various materials to be written which are not only papers but also non-permeable materials such as glasses and plastics as well as fibrous materials such as fabrics is provided. Such a ink composition comprises a colorant, an organic solvent having a vapor pressure of 5.0 to 50 mmHg (20° C.) as a main solvent, such as n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and propylene glycol monomethyl ether and a shear-viscosity reducing agent.

Abstract: A method of storing video information, i.e., video data, transmitted to a control unit via a plurality of communication paths is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of (a) providing a first memory means in the respective communication paths connected to the control unit, and (b) storing the video information in the first memory means. The video information is transmitted to the first memory means via the respective communication paths. The first memory means acts as a buffer system allowing the storage of multiple image frames. The method further comprises the steps of (c) reading the video data stored in the first memory means in units of a predetermined quantity; and (d) storing the units of read video information in a second memory means.

Abstract: A connector includes a connector body and bases formed on the lower surface of the connector body. When the connector is fixed to a printed board, a part of each base or the lower surface of the connector body contacts the surface of the printed board in accordance with the thickness of the board. Therefore, the connector can be fixed to any one of printed boards having different thicknesses with common fixing pins.

Abstract: Frequency converting sections 104a to 104n convert the frequency of modulated transmission signals to signals of an intermediate frequency by multiplying the transmission signals by a local signal; filter sections 105a to 105n attenuate the transmission signals after frequency conversion in the frequency regions outside the frequency band of the desired signals; and E/O sections 106a to 106n convert the transmission signals from electric signals to optical signals and output them to the O/E sections 151a to 151n of the base station apparatus 150.

Abstract: A fastening device for facilitating temporary fastening of an electronic component to a circuit board. The fastening device includes a base embedded in an electronic device and two elastic plates extending from the base. Each elastic plate includes a diagonal portion, which extend diagonally relative to the plane of the circuit board, and a leg, which extends continuously from the diagonal portion. When the legs are inserted through a connecting hole of the circuit board, the resilient force of the elastic plates presses the diagonal portions against the wall of the connecting hole.