Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a circuit block formed in a peripheral edge portion of a semiconductor chip, a circuit block pad formed on the circuit block providing an electrical connection for said circuit block, and a bonding pad laterally offset from the circuit block and the circuit block pad, the bonding pad being electrically connected to the circuit block pad and electrically connected to a lead frame by a bonding wire, the laterally offset bonding pad thereby functioning as a substitute wire bonding pad for the circuit block.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first power supply line; a second power supply line; a first cell arrangement area in which a first cell is arranged; and a switch area in which a switching transistor and a decoupling capacitance are arranged. The first cell is provided in a first well of a first conductive type, the switching transistor is provided in a second well of the first conductive type, and the decoupling capacitance is provided in a separation area of a second conductive type to separate the first well and the second well from each other. The switching transistor connects the first power supply line and the second power supply line in response to a control signal, the first cell operates with power supplied from the second power supply line, and the decoupling capacitance is connected with the first power supply line.

Abstract: An ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) analysis device includes: a circuit simulation unit; a border cell extraction unit; and a check unit. The circuit simulation unit executes a circuit simulation of design data of a semiconductor integrated circuit including a plurality of circuits of a plurality of power supply systems, to calculate potentials in a plurality of current paths between pads of different two of the plurality of power supply systems, when one of an ESD current and an ESD voltage is applied between the pads. The border cell extraction unit extracts border cells from circuits of the different two of the plurality of power supply systems, wherein the circuits are included in the plurality of circuits, the border cells input and/or output signals between the circuits. The check unit checks an ESD tolerance by calculating a potential difference between the border cells, based on the calculated potentials, the extracted border cells.

Abstract: A process of producing expandable styrene resin particles, wherein in suspension polymerization of styrene monomers, the concentration of oxygen in a reaction vessel is kept low at least in a late stage of the polymerization, and the resulting styrene resin particles are impregnated with an expanding agent before or after completion of the polymerization. Preferably, at a polymerization rate of 60% or higher, the concentration of oxygen in the reaction vessel is kept at 7 volt % or lower. When additional styrene monomers are added during the polymerization, they are added and adsorbed to styrene resin particles in the course of polymerization while the concentration of oxygen is kept low. By this method, the particles whose internal portion has a low molecular weight and surface portion has a high molecular weight are obtained. A foamed article produced from the particles has high strength and a good appearance.

Abstract: A process of producing expandable styrene resin particles, wherein in suspension polymerization of styrene monomers, the concentration of oxygen in a reaction vessel is kept low at least in a late stage of the polymerization, and the resulting styrene resin particles are impregnated with an expanding agent before or after completion of the polymerization. Preferably, at a polymerization rate of 60% or higher, the concentration of oxygen in the reaction vessel is kept at 7 vol % or lower. When additional styrene monomers are added during the polymerization, they are added and adsorbed to styrene resin particles in the course of polymerization while the concentration of oxygen is kept low. By this method, the particles whose internal portion has a low molecular weight and surface portion has a high molecular weight are obtained. A foamed article produced from the particles has high strength and a good appearance.

Abstract: A process of producing expandable styrene resin particles, wherein in suspension polymerization of styrene monomers, the concentration of oxygen in a reaction vessel is kept low at least in a late stage of the polymerization, and the resulting styrene resin particles are impregnated with an expanding agent before or after completion of the polymerization. Preferably, at a polymerization rate of 60% or higher, the concentration of oxygen in the reaction vessel is kept at 7 vol % or lower. When additional styrene monomers are added during the polymerization, they are added and adsorbed to styrene resin particles in the course of polymerization while the concentration of oxygen is kept low. By this method, the particles whose internal portion has a low molecular weight and surface portion has a high molecular weight are obtained. A foamed article produced from the particles has high strength and a good appearance.

Abstract: Use of a lubricating grease composition-comprising: (A) base oil selected from mineral oil, synthetic oil or mixtures thereof; (B) one or more urea compounds; and (C) one or more metal salts of a fatty acid wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminium, magnesium, zinc, calcium and mixtures thereof, in order to reduce fretting corrosion.

Abstract: A verification method of an integrated circuit including an input/output buffer placed in a periphery of a semiconductor device and an internal circuit. The verification method stores physical information on routing of the input/output buffer into a library of the input/output buffer and verifies a placement of the input/output buffer based on the physical information.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical module, and an optical transmission line comprising the optical module. The optical module has a structure in which an optical-modulator-mounted carrier is formed of a semiconductor substrate; a transmission line on the carrier is formed of a coplanar waveguide; a transmission line for inputting a signal into the transmission line is formed on a dielectric substrate; the transmission line on the input side which is a grounded coplanar waveguide is coupled by a conversion line to the transmission line on the output side which is a coplanar waveguide; and an electrical connection between the transmission lines is made by use of a conductor wire.

Abstract: A process of producing expandable styrene resin particles, wherein in suspension polymerization of styrene monomers, styrene monomers are added to be adsorbed to styrene resin particles in the course of polymerization, while the concentration of oxygen in a reaction vessel is kept at 7 vol % or lower in a late stage of the polymerization, and the resulting styrene resin particles are impregnated with pentane as a foaming agent. The molecular weight in the outside of the particles obtained is selectively higher. The impregnation of pentane enables the particle to have low VOC (low volatile organic compound) properties. Furthermore the expanded particles have excellent appearance and strength since the outside thereof has a high molecular weight.

Abstract: A process of producing expandable styrene resin particles, wherein in suspension polymerization of styrene monomers, the concentration of oxygen in a reaction vessel is kept low at least in a late stage of the polymerization, and the resulting styrene resin particles are impregnated with an expanding agent before or after completion of the polymerization. Preferably, at a polymerization rate of 60% or higher, the concentration of oxygen in the reaction vessel is kept at 7 volt % or lower. When additional styrene monomers are added during the polymerization, they are added and adsorbed to styrene resin particles in the course of polymerization while the concentration of oxygen is kept low. By this method, the particles whose internal portion has a low molecular weight and surface portion has a high molecular weight are obtained. A foamed article produced from the particles has high strength and a good appearance.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical module, and an optical transmission line comprising the optical module. The optical module has a structure in which an optical-modulator-mounted carrier is formed of a semiconductor substrate; a transmission line on the carrier is formed of a coplanar waveguide; a transmission line for inputting a signal into the transmission line is formed on a dielectric substrate; the transmission line on the input side which is a grounded coplanar waveguide is coupled by a conversion line to the transmission line on the output side which is a coplanar waveguide; and an electrical connection between the transmission lines is made by use of a conductor wire.

Abstract: A process of producing expandable styrene resin particles, wherein in suspension polymerization of styrene monomers, the concentration of oxygen in a reaction vessel is kept low at least in a late stage of the polymerization, and the resulting styrene resin particles are impregnated with an expanding agent before or after completion of the polymerization. Preferably, at a polymerization rate of 60% or higher, the concentration of oxygen in the reaction vessel is kept at 7 vol % or lower. When additional styrene monomers are added during the polymerization, they are added and adsorbed to styrene resin particles in the course of polymerization while the concentration of oxygen is kept low. By this method, the particles whose internal portion has a low molecular weight and surface portion has a high molecular weight are obtained. A foamed article produced from the particles has high strength and a good appearance.

Abstract: A process of producing expandable styrene resin particles, wherein in suspension polymerization of styrene monomers, the concentration of oxygen in a reaction vessel is kept low at least in a late stage of the polymerization, and the resulting styrene resin particles are impregnated with an expanding agent before or after completion of the polymerization. Preferably, at a polymerization rate of 60% or higher, the concentration of oxygen in the reaction vessel is kept at 7 vol % or lower. When additional styrene monomers are added during the polymerization, they are added and adsorbed to styrene resin particles in the course of polymerization while the concentration of oxygen is kept low. By this method, the particles whose internal portion has a low molecular weight and surface portion has a high molecular weight are obtained. A foamed article produced from the particles has high strength and a good appearance.

Abstract: 2-(&ohgr;-alkoxycarbonyl alkanoyl)-4-butanolide is produced with a high selectivity and yield through condensation reaction of Y-butyrolactone with a readily available, low-price dicarboxylate as represented by the following general formula: ROOC(CH2)nCOOR wherein n denotes an integer of 8-13, and R denotes an alkyl group or an alkenyl group.

Abstract: 2-(.omega.-alkoxycarbonyl alkanoyl)-4-butanolide can be produced unexpectedly with a high selectivity and yield through condensation reaction of .gamma.-butyrolactone with a highly available, lo.omega.-price dicarboxylate as represented by the following general formula:ROOC(CH2)nCOOR(where n denotes an integer of 7-13, and R denotes an alkyl group or an alkenyl group). Furthermore, a long-chain .omega.-hydroxycarboxylic acid can be produced by subjecting 2-(.omega.-alkoxycarbonyl alkanoyl)-4-butanolide to hydrolysis and decarboxylation and reducing the carbonyl groups in the resultant product into methylene groups.

Abstract: Novel tricyclic triazolo derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are useful as anti-inflammation agents, anti-allergy agents or anti-PAF agents as well as processes for producing the same are disclosed. The triazolo derivatives of the present invention are represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## ?wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 cycloalkyl; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 respectively represent hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or halogen; W represents C.dbd.O or CR.sup.4 R.sup.5 (wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 respectively represents hydrogen or lower alkyl); A represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 straight or branched saturated or unsaturated alkylene which may contain one or more hetero atoms; l represents 0 to 2, n represents 1 to 3, . . . represents single bond or double bond; Y represents N or C; Z represents C(B)Ar.sup.1 Ar.sup.2 (wherein B represents hydrogen, hydroxy or methoxy, Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.

Abstract: An agent for suppressing infiltration of eosinophils comprising as an effective ingredient a tricyclic triazolo derivative, which strongly suppresses infiltration of eosinophils into inflammatory regions, of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 cycloalkyl or substituted or non-substituted aryl; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently represent hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or halogen; W represents C.dbd.O or CR.sup.4 R.sup.5 wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently represent hydrogen or lower alkyl; A represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 straight or branched saturated or unsaturated alkylene with the proviso that it may contain one or more hetero atoms; 1 represents 0 to 2, n represents 1 to 3, -- represents single bond or double bond; Y represents N or C; Z represents C(B)Ar.sup.1 Ar.sup.2 wherein B represents hydrogen, hydroxy or methoxy, Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 independently represent hydrogen or substituted or non-substituted aryl, CAr.sup.1 Ar.sup.