Abstract: A circuit interrupter includes separable contacts; an operating mechanism; an electronic trip unit; and a current sensor assembly including: a harvester circuit having a primary conductor through which input current passes, a secondary winding and a harvester core structured to saturate at a first input current level, a Rogowski coil structured to measure voltage at an output of the Rogowski coil, the measured voltage indicative of output current of the Rogowski coil, where linearity of the output of Rogowski coil deviates more than a deviation tolerance based at least in part on saturation of the harvester core at the first input current level, and a compensation coil arranged at 180 degree opposite to the secondary winding of the harvester core, the compensation coil structured to delay saturation of the harvester core until the input current reaches a second input current level higher than the first input current level.

Abstract: A circuit interrupter includes separable contacts; an operating mechanism; an electronic trip unit; and a current sensor assembly including: a harvester circuit having a primary conductor through which input current passes, a secondary winding and a harvester core structured to saturate at a first input current level, a Rogowski coil structured to measure voltage at an output of the Rogowski coil, the measured voltage indicative of output current of the Rogowski coil, where linearity of the output of Rogowski coil deviates more than a deviation tolerance based at least in part on saturation of the harvester core at the first input current level, and a compensation coil arranged at 180 degree opposite to the secondary winding of the harvester core, the compensation coil structured to delay saturation of the harvester core until the input current reaches a second input current level higher than the first input current level.

Abstract: A vehicle charging system includes a battery bank including at least one repurposed battery and a charging station in electrical communication with the battery bank and configured to deliver a DC output from the battery bank to an electrified vehicle.

Abstract: A Rogowski coil includes a magnetic core and a winding. The magnetic core includes an encircling body. The winding includes a conductive wire. The winding is disposed in a generally helical coil about the core body.

Abstract: A method of forming a high energy density composite cathode material is disclosed. The method includes providing a lithium-rich manganese layered oxide (LRMO), coating the LRMO with a TiO2 precursor, and ball-milling the TiO2 coated LRMO with LiH to form a LixTiO2 coated LRMO composite, wherein x is less than or equal to 1 and greater than zero.

Abstract: A vehicle can include a traction battery and a controller in communication with the battery to determine the battery state using sensed battery electrode capacity to account for battery aging. The sensed battery electrode capacity can be dependent on active lithium ions at a positive electrode of the traction battery. The controller can compare a battery voltage model to measured battery voltage during a vehicle drive cycle, receive sensed current throughput data and open circuit voltage at the battery, and determine if a deviation threshold is exceeded. The controller can also correct electrode capacity using a mean of the measured open-circuit voltage to correct the capacity error to less than one amp-hour or initiate an active lithium capacity correction using a variance of the current throughput to correct the capacity error to less than one amp-hour. This information can be used to control the vehicle and battery usage.

Abstract: A method of forming a solid state battery is disclosed. In a moisture-free inert atmosphere, the method includes combining unreacted solid electrolyte precursors to form a green sheet, stacking the green sheet in between porous electrodes to form a solid state battery, and heating the battery to a melting point temperature of the precursors such that the precursors form a liquid phase penetrating pores in the electrodes to form ion conducting channels in the battery.

Abstract: A Rogowski coil includes a thermally stable core with a toroid body and a winding including a conductive wire. The winding is disposed in a generally helical coil (36) about the core body.

Abstract: A Rogowski coil includes a magnetic core and a winding. The magnetic core includes an encircling body. The winding includes a conductive wire. The winding is disposed in a generally helical coil about the core body.

Abstract: A lithium-sulfur battery cell includes a lithium anode and a carbon-sulfur cathode including a sulfur-impregnated carbon nanostructure defined by one or more layers of elementally doped nanoporous carbon arranged on one or more carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A method of forming a high energy density composite cathode material is disclosed. The method includes providing a lithium-rich manganese layered oxide (LRMO), coating the LRMO with a TiO2 precursor, and ball-milling the TiO2 coated LRMO with LiH to form a LixTiO2 coated LRMO composite, wherein x is less than or equal to 1 and greater than zero.

Abstract: A circuit interrupter that includes a passive integration channel structured to receive an output signal from a di/dt current sensor and generate a first signal output based on the output signal, and an active integration channel structured to receive the output signal from the di/dt current sensor and generate a second signal output based on the output signal that is proportional to the primary current received by the di/dt current sensor. Circuit protection functionality is provided based on the first signal output responsive to the primary current being determined to be greater than a threshold level, current metering and circuit protection functionality is provided based on the second signal output responsive to the primary current being determined to be less than or equal to the threshold level, and a seed current value is provided to the active integrator based on the first signal output.

Abstract: A power supply circuit for a trip unit of a circuit interrupter includes a current transformer, a startup circuit receiving a regulated voltage and a DC/DC converter. The startup circuit is structured to: (i) burden the current transformer with an impedance approximating the trip unit and cause the DC/DC converter to enter the shutdown mode when the regulated voltage is below a predetermined value, (ii) remove the burden and cause the DC/DC converter to exit the shutdown mode and provide power to the trip unit responsive to the regulated voltage reaching the predetermined value, and (iii) remove the burden and cause the DC/DC converter to exit the shutdown mode and provide power to the trip unit responsive to a rate of change of the regulated voltage being at least a predetermined level.

Abstract: A battery management controller includes input channels to receive a voltage signal from a battery and output channels to provide diagnostic signals to an operator. The controller is programmed to output a diagnostic signal predictive of a thermal condition in response to the voltage decreasing at a rate greater than a predetermined rate that signals that the voltage is decreasing toward a local minimum that precedes an increase in the voltage indicative of a battery temperature increase rate becoming greater than a threshold. The diagnostic signal may be used to alert the operator of the condition. The controller may be further programmed to issue commands to mitigate the thermal condition based on the diagnostic signal.

Abstract: A battery system includes a first battery module, a second battery module, a supply line, a return line, and a film heater. The supply and return lines are configured to circulate a heat transfer medium in response to a first temperature condition, and the film heat is configured to heat the first battery module and the second battery module in response to a second temperature condition.

Abstract: A method of forming a solid state battery is disclosed. In a moisture-free inert atmosphere, the method includes combining unreacted solid electrolyte precursors to form a green sheet, stacking the green sheet in between porous electrodes to form a solid state battery, and heating the battery to a melting point temperature of the precursors such that the precursors form a liquid phase penetrating pores in the electrodes to form ion conducting channels in the battery.

Abstract: A vehicle charging system includes a battery bank including at least one repurposed battery and a charging station in electrical communication with the battery bank and configured to deliver a DC output from the battery bank to an electrified vehicle.

Abstract: A sensing assembly is for an electrical switching apparatus. The electrical switching apparatus includes a base having a pocket portion, and a bus bar coupled to the base. The sensing assembly includes a housing structured to be coupled to the pocket portion, a power harvester coupled to the housing, a current sensor coupled to the housing, and a voltage sensing circuit located internal with respect to the housing and being structured to be electrically connected to the bus bar.

Abstract: A sensing assembly is for an electrical switching apparatus. The electrical switching apparatus includes a base having a pocket portion, and a bus bar coupled to the base. The sensing assembly includes a housing structured to be coupled to the pocket portion, a power harvester coupled to the housing, a current sensor coupled to the housing, and a voltage sensing circuit located internal with respect to the housing and being structured to be electrically connected to the bus bar.

Abstract: A vehicle can include a traction battery and a controller in communication with the battery to determine the battery state using sensed battery electrode capacity to account for battery aging. The sensed battery electrode capacity can be dependent on active lithium ions at a positive electrode of the traction battery. The controller can compare a battery voltage model to measured battery voltage during a vehicle drive cycle, receive sensed current though put data and open circuit voltage at the battery, and determine if a deviation threshold is exceeded. The controller can also correct electrode capacity using a mean of the measured open-circuit voltage to correct the capacity error to less than one amp-hour or initiate an active lithium capacity correction using a variance of the current throughput to correct the capacity error to less than one amp-hour. This information can be used to control the vehicle and battery usage.