Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting at least one microorganism in a sample, including: cultivating the sample in a liquid medium in the presence of at least one specific ligand of the microorganism, and at least one scavenger having a lower affinity to the microorganism than the ligand, the binding of a compound to the ligand producing a first measurable signal and the binding of a compound to the scavenger producing a second measurable signal; determining the values of the first and second signals for at least one cultivation period; wherein it is deduced that the sample includes the microorganism when the values of the first signal and second signal are different for the same cultivation period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for real-time measurement of the secretion of at least one compound by at least one individual cell, comprising: the culturing, in a liquid medium, of at least one cell in a culture chamber, at least one wall of which comprises at least one sensitive area, a sensitive area comprising a plurality of ligands, attached to a solid support, each ligand being able to bind specifically to the compound, and an element for real-time transduction of a signal produced by the binding of the compound to one of the ligands; the identification, in a sensitive area, of at least one spot producing a signal; the real-time measurement of the signal produced by the spot identified, representing the amount of compound secreted by an individual cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting and quantifying an analyte present in a liquid of interest using a solid support, the surface of which comprises at least one active area on which at least one probe capable of binding said analyte is immobilized and a solution containing at least one secondary reagent capable of binding to the analyte, said method comprising a step consisting of recycling said solution in order to put it back into contact with the surface and notably with the active area at least one additional time. The present invention also relates to a device which may be applied within the scope of such a method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for receiving a fluid sample, which is designed such as to form an electrode, such as a counter electrode or a working electrode, in an electrochemical cell. The inventive device comprises an end part having at least one cavity which opens to the exterior via an opening and which is equipped with a base. The invention is characterized in that the aforementioned end part comprises a first electrically-insulating hydrophobic zone which is adjacent to the cavity opening and a second electrically-conducting hydrophilic zone which is adjacent to the first zone and which at least partially covers the base of the cavity, such that, when the end part is immersed in the fluid and then removed therefrom, the cavity retains part of the fluid by means of capillary action.

Abstract: The aim of the present invention is to provide a method for attaching a protein to a conductive polymer, that can be used in particular for producing a sensor or a multisensor, for example a biochip. This aim, and also others, are achieved, in accordance with the invention, by means of a method for attaching a protein to a pyrrole polymer, comprising the following steps: coupling of the protein to be attached with pyrrole so as to obtain a first solution of a protein-pyrrole coupling compound, preparation of a second solution of pyrrole not containing the protein, mixing of said first solution with said second solution so as to obtain an electropolymerization solution, electropolymerization of the pyrrole and of the protein coupled to the pyrrole on a conductive support using said electropolymerization solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for functionalising at least a portion of a wall of a pore of a carrier material, characterised in that it comprises: a) contacting the pore with a solution of electrically activated entities and positioning two electrodes in said solution in order to create inside the pore, and when an electric signal is applied between the two electrodes, a voltage drop capable of generating a localised deposit on said wall; and b) applying an electric signal between the two electrodes in order to activate the electrically activated entities and carry out said functionalisation function.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for receiving a fluid sample, which is designed such as to form an electrode, such as a counter electrode or a working electrode, in an electrochemical cell. The inventive device comprises an end part having at least one cavity which opens to the exterior via an opening and which is equipped with a base. The invention is characterized in that the aforementioned end part comprises a first electrically-insulating hydrophobic zone which is adjacent to the cavity opening and a second electrically-conducting hydrophilic zone which is adjacent to the first zone and which at least partially covers the base of the cavity, such that, when the end part is immersed in the fluid and then removed therefrom, the cavity retains part of the fluid by means of capillary action.

Abstract: The aim of the present invention is to provide a method for attaching a protein to a conductive polymer, that can be used in particular for producing a sensor or a multisensor, for example a biochip. This aim, and also others, are achieved, in accordance with the invention, by means of a method for attaching a protein to a pyrrole polymer, comprising the following steps: coupling of the protein to be attached with pyrrole so as to obtain a first solution of a protein-pyrrole coupling compound, preparation of a second solution of pyrrole not containing the protein, mixing of said first solution with said second solution so as to obtain an electropolymerization solution, electropolymerization of the pyrrole and of the protein coupled to the pyrrole on a conductive support using said electropolymerization solution.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for fabricating matrices of addressed ligands on a carrier. According to this method, an element is used such as a reservoir (1) filled with ligand and containing an electrode (3) to deposit and electrochemically fix the ligand to the conductive carrier (7). The ligand may be an oligonucleotide or a peptide, and fixing may be obtained by electropolymerisation of this oligonucleotide or peptide carrying a pyrrole group at 5? with pyrrole.

Abstract: A method for fabricating matrices of addressed ligands on a carrier. In the method, an element is used such as a reservoir filled with ligand and containing an electrode to deposit and electrochemically fix the ligand to the conductive carrier. The ligand may be an oligonucleotide or a peptide, and fixing may be obtained by electrocopolymerisation of this oligonucleotide or peptide carrying a pyrrole group at 5? with pyrrole.

Abstract: A method and device for testing an electronic chip (10) having on the surface a plurality of addressable electrically conductive sensitive elements (12) in which the sensitive elements on the chip are put in contact with a conductive solution (52), one or more sensitive elements (12) are addressed selectively in order to apply to each sensitive element addressed an electrical test signal referred to as an input signal, and a signal, referred to as the output signal, on an electrode (60, 60a) also in contact with the conductive solution, is measured.

Abstract: The invention concerns an analysis device including at least one chip (110) equipped with a plurality of analysis electrodes (112). In accordance with the invention, the device also includes means of individual heating (150) of the analysis electrodes. The invention can be used for the analysis of chemical or biological products, for example in an antigen/antibody recognition or DNA/DNA analysis.

Abstract: A method for preparing a copolymer of general formula (I) by electrochemically copolymerising a compound of general formula (II) with a compound [A], wherein [A] is a monomeric unit of a polymer capable of being produced by electrochemical copolymerisation, [B] is a side group that may be a monomer or a polymer and is bound to unit [A] by a covalent bond or via a spacer arm, and x and y are integers of a least 1. Said method includes a treatment enabling the surface reactivity of said copolymer to be reduced.

Abstract: A copolymer of general formula (I), wherein unit A is a monomer of an electronically conductive polymer, unit B is a nucleotide, an oligonucleotide or an analogue thereof, x, y, z are integers of 1 or higher or y is 0, and 1 is a covalent bond, or a spacer arm. Methods for preparing polymer (I) and its use, in particular for nucleic acid synthesis, sequencing and hybridization, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to nucleoside derivatives bearing electrolabile protector groupings and their use in an oligonucleotide synthesis method comprising at least one step of electronic deprotection.

Abstract: A copolymer of general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein unit A is a monomer of an electronically conductive polymer, unit B is a nucleotide, an oligonucleotide or an analogue thereof, x, y, z are integers of 1 or higher or y is 0, and l is a covalent bond, or a spacer arm. Methods for preparing said polymer and its use, in particular for nucleic acid synthesis, sequencing and hybridization, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for preparing double stranded RNA, wherein the simultaneous transcription of two complementary DNA sequence strands in a single reaction mixture is preformed, and the two resulting transcripts are immediately hybridized. The double stranded RNA fragments may be used for detecting and/or assaying nucleic acid target sequences in a biological sample.

Abstract: Process for RNA synthesis consisting in successively condensing necleosides for the formula (1) in which R.sup.1 is a puric pyrimidic optionally protected base, R.sup.2 is a leaving group such as the dimethoxytrityl radical, R.sup.3 is a phosphorus-containing radical, for example, phosphoramidite and R.sup.4 is a trialkylsilyl radical. The RNA obtained is then subjected to a protective treatment with a reagent of the formula (II), for example N(C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.3,3HF, to eliminate R.sup.4 protective groups of the 2' hydroxyl groups. Such reagent provides full deprotection in about ten hours, with an RNA of great length, for example, having more than 50 bases.

Abstract: A method for detecting specific nucleic acid sequences (a single sequence and/or a mixture of nucleic acid sequences) which are present in a biological sample, comprising at least one enzymatic amplification. Detection is carried out, after placing the biological samples in a solution in order to extract the nucleic acid, by enrichment with target sequences by putting the biological samples into contact with at least one pair of appropriate triggers, followed by at least one appropriate dilution of the obtained enrichment amplifying solution, and by putting a fraction of this solution into contact with at least one pair of triggers, followed by the detection of the obtained double-strand target nucleic acid copies. Applications in the diagnosis of genetic, infectious and tumoral diseases, in checking biological samples and in cell typing etc.