Abstract: A clamping element for a fuel injector (18) that is insertable into a mounting hole of a cylinder head (26) of an internal combustion engine and directly injects fuel into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine has a first step ring (19). This at least partially surrounds the fuel injector (18) and has a valve pressure surface (20) that may rest on the fuel injector (18). The first step ring (19) has at least one circumferential slope surface (21) on its side facing away from the valve pressure surface (20), which engages with a corresponding circumferential slope surface (24) of a second step ring (22), which has a counterpressure surface (23). The slope surfaces (21, 24) are arranged so that the first step ring (19) and the second step ring (22) are pressed axially apart when they are rotated relatively to one another.

Abstract: A fuel injection system is used for direct injection of fuel into the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine. This fuel injection system has at least one fuel injector for each combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine which can be inserted at one spray section into a respective mounting hole provided on a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine and which has a fuel inlet orifice. In addition, there is a fuel distributor line having for each fuel injector a fuel outlet orifice connectable to the fuel inlet orifice of the fuel injector and being attachable to the cylinder head by mounting devices provided for each fuel injector. A hold-down device is provided for each fuel injector for holding down the fuel injector in the respective mounting hole of the cylinder head. Each hold-down device is connected to the respective mounting device.

Abstract: An efficient, versatile and simple expression system which confers cap-independent translation to prokaryotic RNAs in eukaryotic cells has been described. The utility of recombinant vaccinia virus for this purpose has been illustrated.