Abstract: The invention relates to a composite or a composite membrane consisting of an ionomer and of an inorganic optionally functionalized phyllosilicate. The isomer can be: (a) a cation exchange polymer; (b) an anion exchange polymer; (c) a polymer containing both anion exchanger groupings as well as cation exchanger groupings on the polymer chain; or (d) a blend consisting of (a) and (b), whereby the mixture ratio can range from 100% (a) to 100% (b). The blend can be ionically and even covalently cross-linked. The inorganic constituents can be selected from the group consisting of phyllosilicates or tectosilicates.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for production of solutions of aminophosphonic acids and polymeric sulphonic acids in aprotic solvents. Membranes for membrane methodologies are produced from said solutions. Said membranes can also be doped with phosphoric acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel polymers or oligomers containing at least sulfinate groups (P-(SO2)nX, X=1-(n=1), 2-(n=2) or 3-(n=3) valent metal cation or H+ or ammonium ion NR4+ where R=alkyl, aryl, H), which are obtained by completely or partially reducing polymers or oligomers containing at least SO2Y-groups (Y?F, Cl, Br, I, OR, NR2 (R=alkyl and/or aryl and/or H), N-imidazolyL N-pyrazolyl) by means of suitable reducing agents in a suspension or in a solution form Polymer and polymer(blend)membranes which are obtained by further reacting the received sulfinated polymers, especially by alkylation of the sulfinate groups with mono- di- or oligo functional electrophiles. The invention further relates to methods for producing the sulfinated polymers and for further reacting the sulfinated polymers with electrophiles by S-alkylation.

Abstract: The invention relates to blends and blend membranes from low-molecular hydroxymethylene-oligo-phosphonic acids R—C(PO3H2)x(OH)y and polymers, the group R representing any organic group and the polymers containing the following functional groups: cation exchanger groups or their nonionic precursors of the type SO2X, X=Hal, OH, OMe, NR1R2, OR1 with Me=any metal cation or ammonium cation, R1, R2=H or any aryl- or alkyl group, POX2, COX and/or basic groups such as primary, secondary or tertiary amino groups, imidazole groups, pyridine groups, pyrazole groups etc. and/or OH groups. Low molecular hydroxymethylene-oligo-phosphonic acids R—C(PO3H2)x(OH)y are preferred in which x=2 and y=1. The invention also relates to low-molecular hydroxymethylene-oligo-phosphonic acids R—C(PO3H2)2(OH)1 and polymers, wherein the group R of the hydroxymethylene-oligophosphonic acid contains an aliphatic or aromatic basic group which ionically interacts with the acidic groups of the polymer or of the polymer mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to producing monomer, oligomer and polymer non-fluorinated, partially fluorinated or perfluorinated sulphonic acids by reacting halogenated, low-molecular weight, oligomer or macromolecular arenes with (hydrogen) sulphites, dithionites, sulphides or other reducing sulfur salts, possibly by oxidising sulphur-containing arene intermediates which are formed at a sulphur oxidation degree less than +6 by means of appropriate oxidation agents with formation of corresponding sulphonate functional groups (sulphonic acid, sulfohalogenide, sulphonamide and sulphonic acid ester groups).

Abstract: The invention relates to membranes made from polybenzimidazole, doped with low-molecular-weight phosphonic acids and optionally with phosphoric acids. Membranes, doped with phosphoric acid and an aminophosphonic acid have an increased proton conductivity with relation to doping with only one of the components.

Abstract: A method for producing membranes and membrane electrode units by laying thin film layers on a porous carrier substrate. The layers are applied using only one of several production methods, but have different functional properties. These membranes and membrane electrode units may be used to generate energy by electrochemical or photochemical processes, particularly applicable in fuel cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to organic/inorganic hybrid polymer blends and hybrid polymer blend membranes that are composed of: one polymer acid halide containing SO2X, POX2 or COX groups (X?, Cl, Br, I); one elemental or metallic oxide or hydroxide, obtained by the hydrolysis and/or the sol/gel reaction of an elemental and/or organometallic compound during the membrane forming process and/or by subsequently treating the membrane in aqueous acidic, alkaline or neutral electrolytes. The invention further relates to hybrid blends and hybrid blend membranes containing polymers that carry SO3H, PO3H2 and/or COOH groups, obtained by aqueous, alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the polymer acid halides contained in the polymer blend or the polymer blend membrane. The invention also relates to methods for producing the inventive hybrid blends and hybrid blend membranes.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymers obtained by S-alkylation of sulfinated polymers with alkylation agents, and AB-cross-linked polymers obtained by reacting polymers containing alkylation groups with low-molecular sulfinates, under S-alkylation, or AB-cross-linked polymers obtained by S-alkylation of sulfinated polymers with polymers containing alkylation groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymers obtained by S-alkylation of sulfinated polymers with alkylation agents, and AB-cross-linked polymers obtained by reacting polymers containing alkylation groups with low-molecular sulfinates, under S-alkylation, or AB-cross-linked polymers obtained by S-alkylation of sulfinated polymers with polymers containing alkylation groups.

Abstract: A non crosslinked, covalently crosslinked and/or ionically crosslinked polymer, having repeating units of the general formula (1) —K—R—??(1) In which K is a bond, oxygen, sulphur, the radical R is a divalent radical of an aromatic or heteroaromatic compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel polymers or oligomers containing at least sulfonite groups (P—(SO2)nX, X=1?(n=1), 2?(n=2) or 3?(n=3) valent metal cation or H+ or ammonium ion NR4+ where R=alkyl, aryl, H), which are obtained by completely or partially reducing polymers or oligomers containing at least SO2Y-groups (Y?F, Cl, Br, I, OR, NR2 (R=alkyl and/or aryl and/or H), N-imidazolyl, N-pyrazolyl) by means of suitable reducing agents in a suspension or in a solution form. The invention also relates to polymers and polymer(blend) membranes which are obtained by further reacting the obtained sulfinated polymers, especially by alkylation of the sulfinate groups with mono- di- or oligo functional electrophiles. The invention further relates to methods for producing the sulfinated polymers and for further reacting the sulfinated polymers with electrophiles by S-alkylation.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel polymers or oligomers containing at least sulfonite groups (P-(SO2)nX, X=1?(n=1), 2?(n=2) or 3?(n=3) valent metal cation or H+ or ammonium ion NR4+ wherein R=alkyl, aryl, H), which are obtained by completely or partially reducing polymers or oligomers containing at least SO2Y-groups (Y=F, Cl, Br, I, OR, NR2 (R=alkyl and/or aryl and/or H), N-imidazolyl, N-pyrazolyl) by means of suitable reducing agents in a suspension or in a solution form. The invention also relates to polymers and polymer(blend) membranes which are obtained by further reacting the obtained sulfinated polymers, especially by alkylation of the sulfinate groups with mono- di- or oligo functional electrophiles. The invention further relates to methods for producing the sulfinated polymers and for further reacting the sulfinated polymers with electrophiles by S-alkylation.

Abstract: A non crosslinked, covalently crosslinked and/or ionically crosslinked polymer, having repeating units of the general formula (1) —K—R—??(1) In which K is a bond, oxygen, sulphur, the radical R is a divalent radical of an aromatic or heteroaromatic compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to the following types of composite membranes; composites or composite membranes obtained by adding a metal salt, e.g. from ZrOCl2, to a solvent, especially DMSO, for dissolving one or more polymers in an organic solvent or in aqueous systems, in addition to the subsequent precipitation in the matrix of the thus produced composite-membrane by post-treatment thereof in an acid or in a salt solution, especially phosphoric acid. The invention also relates to composites or composite membranes obtained by subsequent ion exchange of finished polymer membranes with a suitable salt cation, especially ZrO2+, wherein the polymer membrane is, optionally, swollen with an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvent with water prior to the ion exchange and the subsequent precipitation of a low soluble salt, e.g. from Zr3 (PO4)4, in the membrane by post-treatment thereof in an acid or in a salt solution, especially phosphoric acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite or a composite membrane consisting of an ionomer and of an inorganic optionally functionalized phyllosilicate. The isomer can be: (a) a cation exchange polymer; (b) an anion exchange polymer; (c) a polymer containing both anion exchanger groupings as well as cation exchanger groupings on the polymer chain; or (d) a blend consisting of (a) and (b), whereby the mixture ratio can range from 100% (a) to 100% (b). The blend can be ionically and even covalently cross-linked. The inorganic constituents can be selected from the group consisting of phyllosilicates or tectosilicates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite or a composite membrane consisting of an ionomer and of an inorganic optionally functionalized phyllosilicate. The isomer can be: (a) a cation exchange polymer; (b) an anion exchange polymer; (c) a polymer containing both anion exchanger groupings as well as cation exchanger groupings on the polymer chain; or (d) a blend consisting of (a) and (b), whereby the mixture ratio can range from 100% (a) to 100% (b). The blend can be ionically and even covalently cross-linked. The inorganic constituents can be selected from the group consisting of phyllosilicates or tectosilicates.

Abstract: The invention relates to organic/inorganic hybrid polymer blends and hybrid polymer blend membranes that are composed of: one polymer acid halide containing SO2X, POX2 or COX groups (X?F, Cl, Br, I); one elemental or metallic oxide or hydroxide, obtained by the hydrolysis and/or the sol/gel reaction of an elemental and/or organometallic compound during the membrane forming process and/or by subsequently treating the membrane in aqueous acidic, alkaline or neutral electrolytes. The invention further relates to hybrid blends and hybrid blend membranes containing polymers that carry SO3H, PO3H2 and/or COOH groups, obtained by aqueous, alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the polymer acid halides contained in the polymer blend or the polymer blend membrane. The invention also relates to methods for producing the inventive hybrid blends and hybrid blend membranes.

Abstract: A rectifier for a 3G, 6G series alternator includes circular configured negative heat sink and an arcuate configured positive heat sink secured to the negative heart sink and separated by an insulator. A plurality of negative and positive diodes is received at each of the respective negative and positive heat sinks. A terminal assembly interconnects negative and positive diodes, and includes extended stator lead connectors that connect to the stator leads of the alternator.

Abstract: A covalently cross-linked polymer or polymer membrane consisting of one or more polymers, which can bear the following functional groups (M=Hal(F, Cl, Br, I), OR, NR2; R=alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl; (Me=H, Li, Na, K, Cs, or other metal cations or ammonium ions): a) precursors of cation exchange groups: SO2M and/or POM2 and/or COM b) sulphinate groups SO2Me and which can be covalently cross-linked using the following organic compounds: a) di-, tri- or oligofunctional haloalkanes or haloaromatics, which have been reacted with sulphinate groups SO2Me, whereby the following cross-linking bridges are present in the polymer/in the polymer blend/in the polymer membrane: (Y=cross-linking bridges, X=Hal (F, Cl, Br, I), OR, (CH2)x—; -arylene-; —(CH2)x-arylene-; CH2arylene-CH2—, x=3-12): polymer-SO2Y—SO2-polymer and/or b) compounds containing the following groups: Hal-(CH2)x—NHR, one side of which (Hal-) has been reacted with sulphinate groups SO2ME and the other side (—NHR) with SO2M groups, whereby the following cross-l