Abstract: In a combination alkylation-methyltertiary butyl ether (MTBE) operation, the unreacted C.sub.4 olefinic hydrocarbons produced by etherification are contacted with molecular sieves to absorb 2-butenes and the 1-butenes remaining in the stream are divided so that one portion is subjected to double bond isomerization to form 2-butenes for alkylation and another portion is subjected skeletal isomerization to form isobutene for etherification.

Abstract: A continuous method and apparatus for contact of olefin with paraffin in the presence of HF catalyst to produce alkylate in which about one half of the olefin feedstock is passed to each of two riser reactors with product effluent from both reactors entering a common settling vessel with return of settled HF catalyst proportioned between the two reactors and the paraffin feedstock provided as fresh or alkylate fractionator side stream recycle to one reactor and as reaction product recycle from the settler to the other reactor.

Abstract: Process for producing high quality gasoline and diesel fuel from C.sub.3 and C.sub.4 olefinic cuts, such as those obtained by dehydrogenation of lower alkanes, comprising the steps of (a) polymerizing a C.sub.3 olefinic cut to obtain a polymer gasoline fraction, (b) reacting a C.sub.4 olefinic cut with an alkanol such as methanol to form methyltertiarybutyl ether and unreacted C.sub.4 hydrocarbons, and (c) quenching the polymerization reaction in (a) with the unreacted C.sub.4 hydrocarbons obtained in (b). The polymer gasoline fraction in (a) can be subjected to fractionation and hydrogenation to obtain additional streams for recycle and diesel fuel product.

Abstract: An integrated process for the simultaneous alkylation of at least one isoparaffinic hydrocarbon with at least one C.sub.4 olefinic hydrocarbon and at least one isoparaffinic hydrocarbon with at least one olefinic hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3, C.sub.5 and higher olefinic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof, comprising: contacting a first alkylatable hydrocarbon comprising an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon with a first alkylating agent comprising at least one olefinic hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3, C.sub.

Abstract: Normal butane withdrawn from the main fractionator in an acid alkylation process is recycled to the main fractionator as required to insure that the actual alkylate to normal butane ratio in the alkylate product withdrawn from the main fractionator does not go below a desired ratio. Maintenance of the actual ratio at or above the desired ratio substantially minimizes the concentration of isobutane in the alkylate product stream.

Abstract: In an HF alkylation process, ASO is separated from HF acid catalyst in a fractionation zone by heating the fractionation zone with a condensible stream comprising liquid and vaporous components. In the process of condensation, latent heat is evolved which is used to effectuate the separation of ASO and HF acid catalyst and dilution of the separated ASO is achieved with the use of the produced condensate.

Abstract: A process combination, with inter-cooperation, for producing high-octane alkylates comprising(a) dehydrogenating isopentane to isopentenes (amylenes),(b) introducing the mixture of said amylenes and unconverted isopentane into an HF alkylation unit for reaction with fresh or recycled isobutane,(c) separating the alkylation products into high octane alkylates, isopentane (for recycling to the dehydrogenation reactor) and isobutane (for recycling to the alkylation reactor).

Abstract: A process for maintaining HF acid soluble oils (ASO) in an HF alkylation reaction zone in an amount sufficient to ensure formation of an alkylate containing a high octane number is provided by returning to the reaction zone a portion of acid soluble oil recovered from an HF catalyst rerun system.

Abstract: A apparatus for the catalytic alkylation of an isoparaffin with one or more olefins. Reactant hydrocarbons are passed in contact with a liquid catalyst such as hydrofluoric acid in a reaction zone. The hydrocarbon phase is allowed to separate from the catalyst phase in a settling zone, and a portion of the hydrocarbon phase is cooled and reintroduced to the reaction zone in a separate stream from that of the feed hydrocarbons. The alkylation apparatus by which the process is carried out includes a vertical reaction vessel, which in a preferred embodiment is 2 to 6 feet in height, a settling vessel, means for fluid flow from the reaction vessel to the settling vessel, a conduit for fluid flow between the upper part of the settling vessel and the reaction zone, and means for cooling fluid in this conduit.

Abstract: Acid soluble oils recovered from the acid phase from an HF alkylation unit are processed with hydrocarbon phase from the same or a different unit.

Abstract: Butenes are added to the methanol-containing methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) reactor effluent fractionation to effect recovery of substantially methanol-free MTBE bottoms product. Methanol analysis taken below the fractionator feed locus manipulates control of butenes addition. In an embodiment, the methanol-butenes-containing overhead stream from the fractionation is treated over activated alumina to adsorb methanol, yielding a methanol-free butenes feed for HF alkylation of isobutane. The used adsorbent can be regenerated using hot butenes product and/or MTBE reactor feed vapor with the recovered methanol being recycled to the MTBE reaction.

Abstract: An integrated process for the simultaneous alkylation of at least one isoparaffinic hydrocarbon with at least one C.sub.4 olefinic hydrocarbon and at least one isoparaffinic hydrocarbon with at least one olefinic hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3, C.sub.5 and higher olefinic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof, comprising: contacting a first alkylatable hydrocarbon comprising an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon with a first alkylating agent comprising at least one olefinic hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3, C.sub.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the catalytic alkylation of an isoparaffin with one or more olefins. Reactant hydrocarbons are passed in contact with a liquid catalyst such as hydrofluoric acid in a reaction zone. The hydrocarbon phase is allowed to separate from the catalyst phase in a settling zone, and a portion of the hydrocarbon phase is cooled and reintroduced to the reaction zone in a separate stream from that of the feed hydrocarbons. The alkylation apparatus by which the process is carried out includes a vertical reaction vessel, which in a preferred embodiment is 2 to 6 feet in height, a settling vessel, means for fluid flow from the reaction vessel to the settling vessel, a conduit for fluid flow between the upper part of the settling vessel and the reaction zone, and means for cooling fluid in this conduit.

Abstract: In a process for isomerizing a hydrocarbon feed in the presence of a metal halide catalyst and a hydrogen halide in which the reaction effluent is separated into a first liquid phase and an uncondensed first vapor phase, including hydrogen halide and noncondensable hydrocarbon gases, the first liquid phase is further separated into a second liquid phase and an uncondensed second vapor phase, including hydrogen halide, the uncondensed second vapor phase is recycled to the isomerization reaction and a portion of the uncondensed first vapor phase is at least intervally removed from the process to prevent buildup of noncondensable hydrocarbon gases in the system, improved operation is attained by passing an absorption liquid including a portion of the second liquid phase, from the second separation, a portion of the hydrocarbon feed or mixtures thereof, through the uncondensed vapor phase prior to venting the latter, to absorb hydrogen halide from the uncondensed first vapor phase, and absorption liquid utilized

Abstract: Utilization of isoparaffin is maximized in an alkylation of isoparaffin with olefin by variously detecting and/or measuring change in amount of hydrocarbon effluent, the alkylation zone and supplying a sufficient amount of olefin to said alkylation zone to keep the amount of hydrocarbon effluent said alkylation zone substantially constant, in one embodiment sensing the level of hydrocarbon in a settling zone in which alkylation zone effluent is settled, said level being representative of the amount of hydrocarbon being formed, and increasing the amount of olefin when effluent the alkylation zone is increasing, and vice versa.

Abstract: A continuous process for dehydrogenating hydrocarbons comprising repetitively carrying out dehydrogenation using a steam active dehydrogenation catalyst and regenerating of said catalyst with steam and oxygen-containing gas wherein the flow rate of steam is maintained constant during both the dehydrogenation and the regeneration and wherein the catalyst is purged with steam prior to each dehydrogenation and each regeneration.

Abstract: In the HF alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins an improved process is provided comprising charging isoparaffin, olefin(s), and HF catalyst to the upstream end of a vertically extended reaction zone, introducing the same or different olefin(s) and, optionally, isoparaffin, downstream along with a recycled alkane stream separated from the alkylation effluent under alkylation conditions to produce high octane alkylate. In a preferred embodiment, the recycle alkane stream is propane and/or normal butane.

Abstract: A cyclic system for the alkylation of an isoparaffin, e.g., isobutane, wherein a first olefinic reactant, e.g., butylene, is used to alkylate the isoparaffin for a first period of time in an alkylation reactor and then a second olefinic reactant, e.g., propylene, is used to alkylate the isoparaffin for a second period of time in the same alkylation reactor. During the period that the isoparaffin is alkylated with the first olefinic reactant, the reactor effluent stream is continuously separated into a liquid hydrocarbon phase comprising alkylation products and unreacted isoparaffin and a liquid acid alkylation catalyst phase. The acid catalyst is continuously recycled to the reactor and the hydrocarbon phase is passed to a first surge zone or holding tank.

Abstract: An intentionally produced low octane value alkylate is reformed in the presence of steam, and in the absence of added hydrogen, to produce a high octane value, olefinic reformate containing aromatics. The reformate, upon fractionation to remove hydrogen and methane and C.sub.3 and C.sub.4 hydrocarbons, which can be recycled, is subjected to solvent extraction to produce a raffinate which can be used as high octane gasoline and which contains olefins, and an extract which, upon fractionation to remove xylenes therefrom as usable product, and which now contains benzene and toluene, can be combined with said raffinate.

Abstract: An improved HF alkylation process comprising, in series, HF and isoparaffin flow and parallel injection of at least two different olefins into a vertically extended reaction zone coupled with recycle of some of the alkylation hydrocarbon effluent to each point of olefin introduction into the alkylation zone. The improved alkylation system allows minimum sized fractionation and extremely high isoparaffin/olefin ratios with temperature control of the reaction at each olefin injection.