Abstract: Organic compounds, especially hydrocarbons, are oxidatively dehydrogenated by contacting them with an oxygen-containing gas and steam under dehydrogenation conditions, and, following this reaction, the oxygen concentration in the organic portion of the effluent stream is maintained below the combustible limit by the addition of a stream recycled from a downstream purification step responsive to measurement of the oxygen concentration in the organic effluent stream from which the bulk of the water vapor has been removed. In one embodiment, hydrocarbons are oxidatively dehydrogenated by contacting with steam and an oxygen-containing gas over a catalyst, following which water is condensed from the effluent and it is diluted with a recycled diolefin concentrate stream responsive to the oxygen concentration in the gas phase of the effluent separation vessel so as to regulate the residual oxygen concentration in the hydrocarbon portion of the effluent to a safe value below 9.5 mole percent.

Abstract: The time for effecting separation of HF acid-hydrocarbon emulsions is substantially decreased by adding a finite amount of up to about 700 ppm of a tetraalkylammonium iodide coalescing promoter to the emulsion. The rapid separation of HF acid-hydrocarbon emulsions comprising reaction effluent obtained from alkylation processes is facilitated by the addition of a tetraalkylammonium iodide to the reaction effluent prior to phase separation.

Abstract: An isoparaffin - olefin alkylate of improved octane number is produced by passing total hydrocarbon reactants through a static mixing zone prior to passing the reactants to a riser-reactor admixed with HF acid catalyst. The total hydrocarbon reactants include HF-free isoparaffin recycled stream.

Abstract: In the production of ethylfluoride by reacting ethylene with hydrofluoric acid, the addition of a very minor amount of a heavier olefin such as a C.sub.3 and/or C.sub.4 olefin greatly improves conversion and selectivity of the reaction. The product ethylfluoride can be recovered by liquid-liquid extraction.

Abstract: Improved hydrofluorination process with minimum polymer and heavy oil formation comprising carrying out the hydrofluorination of olefins with HF in a paraffinic diluent followed by low pressure and low temperature fractional distillation. In a preferred embodiment, normal butane or normal pentane is used as a diluent in the hydrofluorination, and the entire process of hydrofluorination and recovery is carried out at temperatures below about 80.degree. F (26.7.degree. C).

Abstract: Alkyl fluorides are stored in the presence of a paraffinic hydrocarbon diluent prior to utilization, for example, alkylation, in order to prevent degradation of the fluoride to heavy polymer oil formation.

Abstract: A method and an improved platinum-tin promoted zinc aluminate catalyst reactor for dehydrogenation of a paraffinic hydrocarbon feed stream as first and second layers of silica-free particles, each positioned in contact with and on opposed surfaces of the catalyst across the direction of feed stream flow through the reactor for preventing the poisoning of said catalyst.

Abstract: High quality motor fuel alkylate is produced in a combination process comprising hydrofluorination of an olefin-containing hydrocarbon stream with HF to produce alkyl fluorides, separation of the produced alkyl fluorides into a low boiling fraction and a high boiling fraction, and subjecting the low boiling fraction to HF alkylation with an isoparaffin. In another embodiment, the high boiling alkyl fluoride polymer fraction is dehydrofluorinated and the produced lower boiling olefins and HF therefrom are recycled to the hydrofluorination step.

Abstract: A method and an improved platinum-tin promoted zinc aluminate catalyst reactor for dehydrogenation of a paraffinic hydrocarbon feed stream as first and second layers of silica-free particles, each positioned in contact with and on opposed surfaces of the catalyst across the direction of feed stream flow through the reactor for preventing the poisoning of said catalyst.