Abstract: A method for optimizing a circuit layout is provided which optimizes a circuit layout as a result of utilizing unused tracks of the circuit layout to expand supply lines. In a first step, a circuit layout is constructed by means of any circuit layout construction method, whereby requirements regarding the design of supply lines are reduced. Subsequently, in a second step, the method for optimizing a circuit layout is used.

Abstract: A respirator with a tidal volume-measuring device (6) between a respiration bag (8) and a patient adapter (2) provides accurate metering of the tidal volume. The device includes a first pressure-measuring device (4) and a breathing gas interruptor (5) in series sequence between the patient adapter (2) and the tidal volume-measuring device (6). A second pressure-measuring device (7) is provided between the tidal volume-measuring device (6) and the respiration bag (8). A control unit (20) is connected with the tidal volume-measuring device (6) and the pressure-measuring devices (4, 7) and sends control signals in such a way that when a predetermined tidal volume is reached, the breathing gas interrupter (5) is switched to the closed position, and that the closed position is eliminated when the pressure p2 measured with the second pressure-measuring means (7) has dropped below the pressure p1 determined with the first pressure-measuring means (4).

Abstract: A method of producing phase masks for automatically generating a layout for an integrated circuit includes the step of compacting a layout of an integrated circuit by processing a distance graph. A respective phase is allocated to at least some of a plurality of polygons in the layout in order to generate a phase mask, wherein the allocating step is performed during the processing of the distance graph.

Abstract: A method for agonizing or antagonizing the ORL1 (opioid receptor-like) receptor of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ ligand ORL1 receptor system using a morphinan compound of the general formula I or derivatives thereof. Also disclosed are methods for treating neuropathic pain and/or anxiolysis and/or depression and/or diuresis and/or urinary incontinence and/or hypotension and or hypertension and/or senile dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease and/or general cognitive dysfunctions and/or tinnitus and/or impaired hearing and/or epilepsy and/or obesity and/or cachexia.

Abstract: A method for agonizing or antagonizing the ORL1 (opioid receptor-like) receptor of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ ligand ORL1 receptor system using a morphinan compound of the general formula I or derivatives thereof. Also disclosed are methods for treating neuropathic pain and/or anxiolysis and/or depression and/or diuresis and/or urinary incontinence and/or hypotension and or hypertension and/or senile dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease and/or general cognitive disfunctions an/or tinnitus and/or impaired hearing and/or epilepsy and/or obesity and/or cachexia.

Abstract: A sonar simulation system comprises a general purpose digital computer and n interface processor which receives position and intensity information from the computer for the effects to be simulated and spreads the effects in range and bearing to simulate a PPI display. Simulated range-bearing cells are displayed on the PPI with a resolution of 0.5.degree. making the time between cells 46 microseconds. During each 46 microseconds interval, all of the sonar effects are independently and successively examined to determine if they have a contribution to the next cell to be displayed. The intensity of each of the contributors are summed for output to the sonar interface equipment.