Abstract: A method for calculating reaction heat in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine by means of a model, comprising a first model component and a second model component, wherein the first model component refers to a calculation of exhaust components flowing from valves of the internal combustion engine, the second model component relates to the entire exhaust system, and total masses from the first model component are divided along the exhaust system onto the individual components of the exhaust system.

Abstract: A portioning device for chemical granular material, in particular fertilizer, having an inlet opening for granules, an outlet opening for discharging granule portions produced from the granules and at least one rotationally drivable conveying element which is designed to combine granules fed to the portioning device to give granule portions during a rotational movement.

Abstract: An analyzer system for in vitro diagnostics includes a sample handler module having a robot arm that delivers samples from drawers into carriers on a linear synchronous motor automation track. Samples are delivered via the automation track to individual track sections associated with individual analyzer modules. Analyzer modules aspirate sample portions directly from the sample carriers and perform analysis thereon.

Abstract: Various aspects relate to a distributed software application. A distributed software application is a software application that is distributed among multiple microservices. The different microservices are different processes that communicate with each other not as a monolithic software application by directly invoking each other's APIs within a single executable process, but using a different communication mechanism, e.g., by using a message passing functionality such as a message bus, a message queue, or a service mesh. In addition to internally communicating with each other and consuming each other's functionality, the microservices may also consume functionality provided by reuse services external to the software application. Such reuse services may be used by multiple software applications and can include, e.g., a logging service, a database service, and/or a storage service, and the like.

Abstract: In the field of audio amplifiers, the prior art for high output power levels is now to use class D technology. In this technology, audio signals are converted into a pulsed signal. An audio amplifier 1 is proposed, with a modulator section 4 for accepting an input signal and outputting two intermediate signals, wherein the modulator section 4 is designed to generate the intermediate signals by modulating the input signal, with an amplifier section 8 for accepting the two intermediate signals and outputting two amplified signals, wherein the amplifier section 8 is designed to generate the two amplified signals by amplifying the two intermediate signals, the amplifier section having two power stages 11;12, with an end section 21 for accepting the two amplified signals and for outputting an output signal for a loudspeaker device 2, wherein the audio amplifier 1 can be switched between parallel operation and bridge operation.

Abstract: Various aspects relate to a distributed software application. A distributed software application is a software application that is distributed among multiple microservices. The different microservices are different processes that communicate with each other not as a monolithic software application by directly invoking each other's APIs within a single executable process, but using a different communication mechanism, e.g., by using a message passing functionality such as a message bus, a message queue, or a service mesh. In addition to internally communicating with each other and consuming each other's functionality, the microservices may also consume functionality provided by reuse services external to the software application. Such reuse services may be used by multiple software applications and can include, e.g., a logging service, a database service, and/or a storage service, and the like.

Abstract: In the field of audio amplifiers, the prior art for high output power levels is now to use class D technology. In this technology, audio signals are converted into a pulsed signal. An audio amplifier 1 is proposed, with a modulator section 4 for accepting an input signal and outputting two intermediate signals, wherein the modulator section 4 is designed to generate the intermediate signals by modulating the input signal, with an amplifier section 8 for accepting the two intermediate signals and outputting two amplified signals, wherein the amplifier section 8 is designed to generate the two amplified signals by amplifying the two intermediate signals, the amplifier section having two power stages 11;12, with an end section 21 for accepting the two amplified signals and for outputting an output signal for a loudspeaker device 2, wherein the audio amplifier 1 can be switched between parallel operation and bridge operation.

Abstract: A bipolar high-frequency (HF) applicator for an HF surgical instrument, and an HF application system are disclosed. The bipolar HF applicator has a flat main body that is made of an insulating material and has a rounded shape with two side faces opposite each other and an edge delimiting the side faces. The main body includes, on at least one of the two side faces, two electrodes, the electrode surfaces of which are isolated from each other on the side face. The electrodes are connected to supply lines for supplying HF energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for protecting a component (6) within an audio device (4) from the exceedance of a maximum internal temperature (TI), wherein a power loss (V) of the component (6) is determined, a measurement temperature (TM) is measured on the component (6), a temperature difference (DT) for the component (6) between the measurement temperature (TM) on the component and the internal temperature (TI) is determined from the power loss (V) by means of a thermal model (14) of the component (6), the internal temperature (TI) is determined as the sum of the measurement temperature (TM) and the temperature difference (DT), a permissible maximum value (VM) for the power loss (V) is determined on the basis of the internal temperature (TM) and known component data (16) of the component (6), and the component (6) is operated in a normal operating mode (N) if the power loss (V) does not exceed the maximum value (VM) or the component (6) is otherwise operated in reduced-power economy operating mode (S)

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a class-D amplifier (2) for an audio signal (4), which class-D amplifier contains an output stage (10) and a signal-processing unit (12) in a signal path (6), wherein a voltage (U) of at least two magnitudes (U1, U2) is provided for the output stage (10), a voltage requirement (B) of the output stage (10) for the audio signal (4) is predictively determined from the audio signal (4) at a measurement location (14) before the signal-processing unit (12), a magnitude (U1, U2) that is minimally sufficient for the voltage requirement (B) is selected on the basis of the voltage requirement (B) and said magnitude is applied to the output stage (10) before the amplification.

Abstract: A drivetrain for a vehicle, such as a commercial vehicle, may have an electric motor with a maximum output torque of at least 4000 Nm. The drivetrain may also have at least one constant velocity joint and an axle differential. The electric motor may be connected or connectable to the axle differential via the at least one constant velocity joint.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a class-D amplifier (2) for an audio signal (4), which class-D amplifier contains an output stage (10) and a signal-processing unit (12) in a signal path (6), wherein a voltage (U) of at least two magnitudes (U1, U2) is provided for the output stage (10), a voltage requirement (B) of the output stage (10) for the audio signal (4) is predictively determined from the audio signal (4) at a measurement location (14) before the signal-processing unit (12), a magnitude (U1, U2) that is minimally sufficient for the voltage requirement (B) is selected on the basis of the voltage requirement (B) and said magnitude is applied to the output stage (10) before the amplification.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high-frequency surgical appliance for cutting and/or coagulating biological tissue, having a high-frequency generator designed to produce a high-frequency alternating current during operation, and also a method for operating a high-frequency surgical appliance that involves a high-frequency alternating current produced by means of a high-frequency generator for of cutting and/or coagulating biological tissue. The high-frequency surgical appliance according to the invention has a power setting device that is arranged and designed to set or limit an output power of the high-frequency surgical appliance to a power value selected by a user. In addition, the high-frequency surgical appliance according to the invention has a spark control device that is arranged and designed to set or limit a spark voltage to a setpoint spark value, the spark control device also being designed to ascertain the setpoint spark value on the basis of the power value selected by a user.

Abstract: A protective ring for a sealing arrangement of a bearing bushing of a journal cross assembly. The protective ring has an annular sleeve segment, which is concentric to a longitudinal axis, an annular seat segment which extends radially inward at a rear axial end of the sleeve segment, and at least one protrusion, which protrudes radially inward at a front axial end region of the sleeve segment. The protective ring also has a plurality of webs, which are distributed over the circumference and which protrude axially from the seat segment and are arranged inside the sleeve segment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for protecting a component (6) within an audio device (4) from the exceedance of a maximum internal temperature (TI), wherein a power loss (V) of the component (6) is determined, a measurement temperature (TM) is measured on the component (6), a temperature difference (DT) for the component (6) between the measurement temperature (TM) on the component and the internal temperature (TI) is determined from the power loss (V) by means of a thermal model (14) of the component (6), the internal temperature (TI) is determined as the sum of the measurement temperature (TM) and the temperature difference (DT), a permissible maximum value (VM) for the power loss (V) is determined on the basis of the internal temperature (TM) and known component data (16) of the component (6), and the component (6) is operated in a normal operating mode (N) if the power loss (V) does not exceed the maximum value (VM) or the component (6) is otherwise operated in reduced-power economy operating mode (S)

Abstract: Converter for the converting a DC input voltage into a DC output voltage, having at least one inductance and capacitance, which are interconnected in a power-conducting path, wherein a current inductance value of the inductance depends on a current value of a current flowing through the coil, having a regulator for regulating the DC output voltage to a setpoint, wherein the regulator comprises a parameter set that determines its regulation behavior, having a measurement module for determining at least one characteristic value of at least one characteristic parameter of the converter, and the converter contains a plurality of interchangeable parameter sets for the regulator, wherein each one of the parameter sets in the regulator can be activated, and having a control module for exchanging and activating each of the parameter sets in the regulator as a function of at least one of the characteristic values.

Abstract: A converter is provided for converting a DC input voltage (UE) into a DC output voltage (UA). The converter includes a regulator for regulating the DC output voltage (UA) to a target value (UAS), wherein the regulator comprises a parameter set that determines the regulation behavior thereof. The converter includes a measurement module for determining at least one characteristic value (K) of at least one characteristic parameter of the converter, and at least two interchangeable parameter sets for the regulator Each one of the parameter sets can be activated in the regulator, wherein a first one of the parameter sets has a slower regulation behavior with regard to the DC output voltage (UA) than a second of the parameter sets. The converter includes a control module for the exchange and activation of each of the parameter sets in the regulator depending on at least one of the characteristic parameters.

Abstract: An intermediate bearing for a drive shaft train of a motor vehicle has an elastic bearing body which has a bore and a supporting ring which is arranged in the bore and has a receiving space for receiving an anti-friction bearing. The receiving space defines a longitudinal axis, and two sealing washers which are spaced apart axially from one another and have in each case one central opening for receiving a drive component. The supporting ring is arranged between the two sealing washers. The sealing washers have in each case one groove which extends concentrically with respect to the longitudinal axis. The supporting ring engages into the two grooves of the sealing washers.

Abstract: A protective ring for a sealing arrangement of a bearing bushing of a journal cross assembly is disclosed. The protective ring has an annular sleeve segment, which is concentric to a longitudinal axis, an annular seat segment which extends radially inward at a rear axial end of the sleeve segment, and at least one protrusion, which protrudes radially inward at a front axial end region of the sleeve segment. The protective ring also has a plurality of webs, which are distributed over the circumference and which protrude axially from the seat segment and are arranged inside the sleeve segment.

Abstract: An intermediate bearing for a drive shaft train of a motor vehicle has an elastic bearing body which has a bore and a supporting ring which is arranged in the bore and has a receiving space for receiving an anti-friction bearing. The receiving space defines a longitudinal axis, and two sealing washers which are spaced apart axially from one another and have in each case one central opening for receiving a drive component. The supporting ring is arranged between the two sealing washers. The sealing washers have in each case one groove which extends concentrically with respect to the longitudinal axis. The supporting ring engages into the two grooves of the sealing washers.