Abstract: A method and apparatus for light field microscopy, wherein the following method steps are performed: a) measuring an image data record of a sample using a light field arrangement; b) creating at least one partial data record from the image data record; c) reconstructing a three-dimensional object from the partial data record created in step b).

Abstract: A toothed belt includes at least one tension member and a plastics material matrix which at least partially encases the tension member. The at least one tension member extends in the plastics material matrix in a running direction and teeth of the toothed belt are formed transversely to the running direction in the plastics material matrix. The tension member is formed from an electrically conductive material and the plastics material matrix is formed from an electrically insulating material. The toothed belt has at least one electronic component which is embedded in the plastics material matrix and has at least one sensor which detects data on a condition parameter of the toothed belt. The at least one electronic component is coupled to the tension member via at least two voltage taps to tap a voltage induced in the tension member to supply the at least one electronic component with power.

Abstract: A toothed belt includes at least one tension member and a plastics material matrix which at least partially encases the tension member. The at least one tension member extends in the plastics material matrix in a running direction and teeth of the toothed belt are formed transversely to the running direction in the plastics material matrix. The tension member is formed from an electrically conductive material and the plastics material matrix is formed from an electrically insulating material. The toothed belt has at least one electronic component which is embedded in the plastics material matrix and has at least one sensor which detects data on a condition parameter of the toothed belt. The at least one electronic component is coupled to the tension member via at least two voltage taps to tap a voltage induced in the tension member to supply the at least one electronic component with power.

Abstract: A measured value of a sensor element is obtained during repeatedly executed measuring periods for performing different measurements and for setting different operating states, the sensor element being electrically connected in a periodically alternating manner, in consecutive switching positions, in a predefined order, where at least one measurement for determining the measured value is performed repeatedly within a measuring period for determining individual values at predefined switching positions, the measured value being determined from the individual values. Using the switching position within the measuring period, the operating state of the sensor element preceding the individual measurement, and therefore, the influence of the preceding circuit configuration on the individual measured value, is known, and the individual values are correspondingly corrected. By correcting the individual values, the measured value determined from the individual values is also corrected.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of production for attachment by cohesive bonding of a profile having at least one profile element onto a toothed belt previously produced as a semi-finished product. The toothed belt has a tooth side with a toothing and a toothed belt back located on the back of the tooth side of the toothed belt. In the method of production the at least one profile element is built up layer by layer from at least one first profile element layer and a second profile element layer on the toothed belt back, by the application of an application compound to the toothed belt back at a profile element position by melt layer printing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of production for attachment by cohesive bonding of a profile having at least one profile element onto a toothed belt previously produced as a semi-finished product. The toothed belt has a tooth side with a toothing and a toothed belt back located on the back of the tooth side of the toothed belt. In the method of production the at least one profile element is built up layer by layer from at least one first profile element layer and a second profile element layer on the toothed belt back, by the application of an application compound to the toothed belt back at a profile element position by melt layer printing.

Abstract: A method for checking fault detection of a control device of an internal combustion engine for malfunction of a connected broadband lambda probe, including checking with a fault simulator between the lambda probe and the control device; to simulate faults of the broadband lambda probe, the fault simulator modifies electrical signals between the broadband lambda probe and the control device. A Nernst voltage of the lambda probe and a pump current of the control device are delivered to the fault simulator; the fault simulator delivers a pump current to the lambda probe and a Nernst voltage to the control device; to simulate faults of the lambda probe, the fault simulator modifies the Nernst voltage to the control device as to the Nernst voltage outputted from the lambda probe. Also described is a related fault simulator. The method and fault simulator monitor the fault detection of control devices for lambda probes.

Abstract: A toothed belt for transporting objects includes a strip-shaped belt body, which supports tooth profiles, which are molded on one side thereof and are arranged uniformly distributed in the longitudinal direction of the toothed belt. At least one tooth profile has at least one recess in which a support roller is arranged, the bearing surface of the support roller protrudes past the top face of the associated tooth profile for supporting the toothed belt.

Abstract: A toothed belt for transporting objects includes a strip-shaped belt body, which supports tooth profiles, which are molded on one side thereof and are arranged uniformly distributed in the longitudinal direction of the toothed belt. At least one tooth profile has at least one recess in which a support roller is arranged, the bearing surface of the support roller protrudes past the top face of the associated tooth profile for supporting the toothed belt.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the function of an exhaust-gas sensor in the exhaust duct of an internal combustion engine. A first function control of the exhaust-gas sensor takes place in a first operating point of the internal combustion engine, and in the case of an intact exhaust-gas sensor, the output signal of the exhaust gas sensor or a characteristic quantity derived therefrom is determined in at least one second operating point of the internal combustion engine in the case of an intact exhaust-gas sensor and stored as learned value, and the monitoring of the function of the exhaust-gas sensor during a subsequent operation of the internal combustion engine in the second operating point takes place by comparing the output signal of the exhaust-gas sensor or the characteristic quantity derived therefrom, with the learned value. A corresponding device for implementing the method is also described.

Abstract: In a method for suppressing interference in a controlled variable in a control circuit, in which the actuating variable is the useful signal, the controlled variable is detected continuously, at two successive sampling instants in each case, the values of the controlled variable are subtracted, and if the absolute amount of the difference deviates by a predefinable setpoint value, at least one control parameter is modified, in such a way that the response of the actuating variable to the interference is minimized.

Abstract: A method for checking fault detection of a control device of an internal combustion engine for malfunction of a connected broadband lambda probe, including checking with a fault simulator between the lambda probe and the control device; to simulate faults of the broadband lambda probe, the fault simulator modifies electrical signals between the broadband lambda probe and the control device. A Nernst voltage of the lambda probe and a pump current of the control device are delivered to the fault simulator; the fault simulator delivers a pump current to the lambda probe and a Nernst voltage to the control device; to simulate faults of the lambda probe, the fault simulator modifies the Nernst voltage to the control device as to the Nernst voltage outputted from the lambda probe. Also described is a related fault simulator. The method and fault simulator monitor the fault detection of control devices for lambda probes.

Abstract: A measured value of a sensor element is obtained during repeatedly executed measuring periods for performing different measurements and for setting different operating states, the sensor element being electrically connected in a periodically alternating manner, in consecutive switching positions, in a predefined order, where at least one measurement for determining the measured value is performed repeatedly within a measuring period for determining individual values at predefined switching positions, the measured value being determined from the individual values. Using the switching position within the measuring period, the operating state of the sensor element preceding the individual measurement, and therefore, the influence of the preceding circuit configuration on the individual measured value, is known, and the individual values are correspondingly corrected. By correcting the individual values, the measured value determined from the individual values is also corrected.

Abstract: A method for dynamically diagnosing an exhaust gas probe. A target/actual comparison is performed between a calculated O2 signal and an O2 signal measured with the exhaust gas probe, for a step load transition. A device for dynamically diagnosing an exhaust gas probe disposed in an exhaust duct of an internal combustion engine. An output signal is fed to an engine controller connected to additional input signals providing information about intake air mass and fuel metering. The engine controller comprises devices for determining a calculated O2 signal from the information about the input air mass and the fuel metering and devices for filtering and/or gradient forming and/or integrating the calculated O2 signal and an O2 signal measured by the exhaust probe. A target/actual comparison between the calculated O2 signal and the measured O2 signal, can be performed for a step load transition.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the function of an exhaust-gas sensor in the exhaust duct of an internal combustion engine. A first function control of the exhaust-gas sensor takes place in a first operating point of the internal combustion engine, and in the case of an intact exhaust-gas sensor, the output signal of the exhaust gas sensor or a characteristic quantity derived therefrom is determined in at least one second operating point of the internal combustion engine in the case of an intact exhaust-gas sensor and stored as learned value, and the monitoring of the function of the exhaust-gas sensor during a subsequent operation of the internal combustion engine in the second operating point takes place by comparing the output signal of the exhaust-gas sensor or the characteristic quantity derived therefrom, with the learned value. A corresponding device for implementing the method is also described.

Abstract: A method for dynamically diagnosing an exhaust gas probe. A target/actual comparison is performed between a calculated O2 signal and an O2 signal measured with the exhaust gas probe, for a step load transition. A device for dynamically diagnosing an exhaust gas probe disposed in an exhaust duct of an internal combustion engine. An output signal is fed to an engine controller connected to additional input signals providing information about intake air mass and fuel metering. The engine controller comprises devices for determining a calculated O2 signal from the information about the input air mass and the fuel metering and devices for filtering and/or gradient forming and/or integrating the calculated O2 signal and an O2 signal measured by the exhaust probe. A target/actual comparison between the calculated O2 signal and the measured O2 signal, can be performed for a step load transition.

Abstract: In a method for suppressing interference in a controlled variable in a control circuit, in which the actuating variable is the useful signal, the controlled variable is detected continuously, at two successive sampling instants in each case, the values of the controlled variable are subtracted, and if the absolute amount of the difference deviates by a predefinable setpoint value, at least one control parameter is modified, in such a way that the response of the actuating variable to the interference is minimized.

Abstract: A method for performing a diagnostic on an exhaust gas analyzer probe disposed in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, and a device for implementing the method are provided. The method performs the evaluation of the exhaust gas analyzer probe after recognition of a special operating phase, e.g., an overrun phase, of the internal combustion engine by setting off a specifiable injection that is torque-neutral or not perceptible for the operator, on the basis of the predicted probe signal pattern and taking into account the delay time of the probe signal.

Abstract: A method for performing a diagnostic on an exhaust gas analyzer probe disposed in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, and a device for implementing the method are provided. The method performs the evaluation of the exhaust gas analyzer probe after recognition of a special operating phase, e.g., an overrun phase, of the internal combustion engine by setting off a specifiable injection that is torque-neutral or not perceptible for the operator, on the basis of the predicted probe signal pattern and taking into account the delay time of the probe signal.

Abstract: A procedure for the calibration of the lambda measuring signal supplied by the wideband lambda sensor, which is disposed in the exhaust gas area of an internal combustion engine, and a device to implement the procedure are proposed. During the procedure, a correction value is used to ascertain a unit of measurement for the lambda actual value, whereby the correction value is ascertained during a specified operating state of the internal combustion engine, in which no fuel metering occurs and the engine rotational speed of the internal combustion engine lies above a threshold value. The correction value—is ascertained as a function of the sensor temperature of the wideband lambda sensor during a specified operating state.