Abstract: A method of treating, preventing, or delaying the progression of Type 1 diabetes mellitus by administering an effective amount of a fusion protein composition comprising a T-cell co-stimulation antagonist and a portion of an immunoglobulin molecule and an effective amount of a Type 1 diabetes autoantigen. The method includes, for example, administering a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) molecule and a Type 1 diabetes autoantigen. Pharmaceutical compositions are also provided herewith.

Abstract: A new markers for insulin production decline in Type 1 diabetes has been found in the ratio the CD4 naïve (CD45RO?CD62L+) to central memory (CD45RO+CD62L+) and in the level of CD4 central memory T-cell subpopulations.

Abstract: A method of treating, preventing, or delaying the progression of Type 1 diabetes mellitus autoimmunity by administering an effective amount of a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) molecule is provided herewith. The CTLA4 molecule may be a fusion protein of a CTLA4 extracellular region and an immunoglobulin, such as abatacept.

Abstract: Provided are methods of preparing an immune cell sample from a subject having an autoimmune disorder, the method comprising: obtaining a tissue sample from the subject; and isolating a single immune cell in situ from the tissue sample using laser capture microdissection.

Abstract: A composition for treating type 1 diabetes mellitus autoimmunity can include a therapeutically effective amount of two or more overlapping fragments of preproinsulin and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein at least of the polypeptide fragments is antigenic.

Abstract: A composition for treating type 1 diabetes mellitus autoimmunity can include a therapeutically effective amount of two or more overlapping fragments of preproinsulin and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein at least one of the polypeptide fragments is antigenic.

Abstract: A method of treating, preventing, or delaying the progression of Type 1 diabetes mellitus by administering an effective amount of a fusion protein composition comprising a T-cell co-stimulation antagonist and a portion of an immunoglobulin molecule and an effective amount of a Type 1 diabetes autoantigen. The method includes, for example, administering a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) molecule and a Type 1 diabetes autoantigen. Pharmaceutical compositions are also provided herewith.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and compositions for the treatment and monitoring the progress of autoimmune diseases. In some embodiments, the methods include the stimulation of regulatory T cells specific to autoantigens associated with the autoimmune disease. A specific embodiment relates to diabetes mellitus, and the prevention or delay of loss of residual ?-cell mass, providing a longer remission period and delaying the onset of diabetes related, progressive, complications through immunotherapeutic induction of regulatory T cells specific for human insulin B chain. In addition, the methods described herein can be used to predict whether a subject, e.g., a subject with ongoing anti-insulin autoimmunity, will progress to T1DM, and to evaluate a subject's response to a therapeutic intervention.

Abstract: A method of treating, preventing, or delaying the progression of Type 1 diabetes mellitus autoimmunity by administering an effective amount of a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) molecule is provided herewith. The CTLA4 molecule may be a fusion protein of a CTLA4 extracellular region and an immunoglobulin, such as abatacept.

Abstract: A method of treating, preventing, or delaying the progression of Type 1 diabetes mellitus by administering an effective amount of a fusion protein composition comprising a T-cell co-stimulation antagonist and a portion of an immunoglobulin molecule and an effective amount of a Type 1 diabetes autoantigen. The method includes, for example, administering a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) molecule and a Type 1 diabetes autoantigen. Pharmaceutical compositions are also provided herewith.

Abstract: A new markers for insulin production decline in Type 1 diabetes has been found in the ratio the CD4 naïve (CD45RO?CD62L+) to central memory (CD45RO+CD62L+) and in the level of CD4 central memory T-cell subpopulations.

Abstract: A method of treating, preventing, or delaying the progression of Type 1 diabetes mellitus autoimmunity by administering an effective amount of a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) molecule is provided herewith. The CTLA4 molecule may be a fusion protein of a CTLA4 extracellular region and an immunoglobulin, such as abatacept.

Abstract: A composition for treating type 1 diabetes mellitus autoimmunity can include a therapeutically effective amount of two or more overlapping fragments of preproinsulin and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein at least one of the polypeptide fragments is antigenic.

Abstract: A new markers for insulin production decline in Type 1 diabetes has been found in the ratio the CD4 naïve (CD45RO?CD62L+) to central memory (CD45RO+CD62L+) and in the level of CD4 central memory T-cell subpopulations.

Abstract: A method of treating, preventing, or delaying the progression of Type 1 diabetes mellitus autoimmunity by administering an effective amount of a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) molecule is provided herewith. The CTLA4 molecule may be a fusion protein of a CTLA4 extracellular region and an immunoglobulin, such as abatacept.

Abstract: A method of treating, preventing, or delaying the progression of Type 1 diabetes mellitus by administering an effective amount of a fusion protein composition comprising a T-cell co-stimulation antagonist and a portion of an immunoglobulin molecule and an effective amount of a Type 1 diabetes autoantigen. The method includes, for example, administering a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) molecule and a Type 1 diabetes autoantigen. Pharmaceutical compositions are also provided herewith.

Abstract: A method of treating, preventing, or delaying the progression of Type 1 diabetes mellitus by administering an effective amount of a fusion protein composition comprising a T-cell co-stimulation antagonist and a portion of an immunoglobulin molecule and an effective amount of a Type 1 diabetes autoantigen. The method includes, for example, administering a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) molecule and a Type 1 diabetes autoantigen. Pharmaceutical compositions are also provided herewith.

Abstract: A method of treating, preventing, or delaying the progression of Type 1 diabetes mellitus autoimmunity by administering an effective amount of a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) molecule is provided herewith. The CTLA4 molecule may be a fusion protein of a CTLA4 extracellular region and an immunoglobulin, such as abatacept.

Abstract: The invention features methods for the prevention or treatment of autoimmune disorders in humans. The methods include administering an autoantigen in combination with an oil-based carrier. Included are methods for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus which include treating a patient with a diabetes type 1 autoantigen, e.g., human insulin B-chain or GAD65, and an oil-based carrier approved for human use. Also included are vaccines and kits for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: A method of treating, preventing, or delaying the progression of Type 1 diabetes mellitus by administering an effective amount of a fusion protein composition comprising a T-cell co-stimulation antagonist and a portion of an immunoglobulin molecule and an effective amount of a Type 1 diabetes autoantigen. The method includes, for example, administering a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) molecule and a Type 1 diabetes autoantigen. Pharmaceutical compositions are also provided herewith.