Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a battery system includes an electrochemical cell, a flexible sensor assembly attached to the cell, the flexible sensor assembly including an array of spin valve magnetic field sensors exhibiting an organic magneto resistance effect, and a battery management system operably connected to the flexible array, the battery management system including a memory with program instructions stored therein, and a processor operably connected to the memory and to the array, the processor configured to execute the program instructions to identify local changes in magnetic flux using input from the array of magnetic field sensors.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a solid-state battery system includes a first anode, a first cathode, a first solid-state electrolyte layer positioned between the first anode and the first cathode, a housing enclosing the first anode, the first cathode, and the first solid-state electrolyte layer, and at least one thermal control wire positioned within the housing and configured to modify a temperature within the housing.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a solid state battery includes a first cell stack including a first solid-electrolyte separator positioned between a first cathode and a first anode, a first base layer including a first base portion positioned directly beneath the first anode, and including a first lateral extension extending laterally beyond the first anode, a second cell stack beneath the first base layer and including a second solid-electrolyte separator positioned between a second cathode and a second anode, a second base layer including a second base portion positioned directly beneath the second anode, and including a second lateral extension extending laterally beyond the second anode, wherein the second base portion extends laterally beyond the first lateral extension, and a multiplexor (i) in electrical communication with the first base portion through the first lateral extension, and (ii) in electrical communication with the second base portion through the second lateral extension.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an electrochemical cell includes an anode including form of lithium, a cathode spaced apart from the anode, and a microstructured composite separator positioned between the anode and the cathode, the microstructured composite separator including a first layer adjacent the anode, a second layer positioned between the first layer and the cathode, and a plurality of solid electrolyte components extending from the first layer toward the second layer.

Abstract: An electrochemical battery system in one embodiment includes a first electrochemical cell including an anode with a form of lithium, a first plurality of pressure sensors positioned and configured to sense localized variations in pressure along the anode, a memory in which command instructions are stored, and a processor configured to execute the command instructions to (i) identify an indication of a variation in localized pressure along the anode, and (ii) selectively control the first electrochemical cell based upon the identified indication.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, an electrochemical cell includes a first anode including a form of lithium a first cathode including an electrolyte, and a first composite electrolyte structure positioned between the first anode and the first cathode, the first composite electrolyte structure including (i) a first support layer adjacent the first anode and configured to mechanically suppress roughening of the form of lithium in the first anode, and (ii) a first protective layer positioned between the first support layer and the first cathode and configured to prevent oxidation of the first support layer by substances in the first cathode.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment an electrochemical cell system includes a housing, at least one electrochemical cell within the housing and including an anode including a form of lithium, and an ionic liquid electrolyte within a cathode, the cathode separated from the anode by a solid separator impervious to the ionic liquid electrolyte, a temperature sensor within the housing, and an environmental controller at least partially positioned within the housing and configured to maintain a temperature within the housing at least 50° C. above ambient based upon input from the temperature sensor.

Abstract: A metal-air accumulator includes a nanodimensional tubular or planar structure. A reaction product that is generated during discharge from a reaction with oxygen of air is deposited or precipitated during the reaction in the nanodimensional tubular or planar structure. The nanodimensional tubular or planar structure can be formed from, for example, carbon nanotubes or graphene.

Abstract: An electrode, in particular a gas diffusion electrode, for a metal-oxygen battery. To achieve an improved performance output, e.g., an improved energy density or an improved capacity, the electrode includes a porous carrier substrate on which a porous active material is situated, the electrode having a gradient of medium pore sizes between the carrier substrate and the active material. Also described is an energy store including the electrode as described.

Abstract: A vehicular battery system includes an oxygen reservoir supported by a vehicle, a vehicular battery system stack operably connected to the oxygen reservoir and a multistage compressor, the vehicular battery system stack including an active material which consumes oxygen from the oxygen reservoir during discharge, at least one sensor configured to generate a pressure signal associated with a pressure in the oxygen reservoir, a memory, and a processor operably connected to the memory and the at least one sensor, the processor configured to execute program instructions stored within the memory to obtain the pressure signal, and control the state of charge of the vehicular battery system stack based upon the obtained pressure signal.

Abstract: A metal/air electrochemical cell in one embodiment includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, an oxygen supply, and a closed oxygen conducting membrane less than about 50 microns thick located between the oxygen supply and the positive electrode.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell in one embodiment includes a negative electrode including a form of lithium, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, a separator positioned between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and a first lithium ion conducting and ionically insulating composite solid electrolyte layer positioned between the negative electrode and the positive electrode.

Abstract: A vehicular battery system includes an oxygen reservoir having a first outlet and a first inlet, a multistage compressor supported by the vehicle and having a second inlet and a second outlet, the second outlet operably connected to the first inlet, a cooling system operably connected to the multistage compressor and configured to provide a coolant to the multistage compressor to cool a compressed fluid within the multistage compressor, and a vehicular battery system stack including at least one negative electrode including a form of lithium, the vehicular battery system stack having a third inlet removably operably connected to the first outlet, and a third outlet operably connected to the second inlet.

Abstract: A vehicular battery system includes a vehicular battery system stack including at least one negative electrode including a form of lithium, an oxygen reservoir having a first outlet operably connected to the vehicular battery system stack, a multistage compressor having a first inlet operably connected to the vehicular battery system stack, and a second outlet operably connected to a second inlet of the oxygen reservoir, and a cooling system operably connected to the multistage compressor and configured to provide a coolant to the multistage compressor to cool a compressed fluid within the multistage compressor.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an electrochemical cell includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a precipitation zone located between the negative electrode and the positive electrode and in fluid communication with the positive electrode, and a fluid electrolyte within the positive electrode and the precipitation zone, wherein the precipitation zone is configured such that a discharge product which is produced as the cell discharges is preferentially precipitated within the precipitation zone.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a battery system includes a negative electrode, a separator adjacent to the negative electrode, a positive electrode separated from the negative electrode by the separator, the positive electrode including an electrode inlet and an electrode outlet, an electrolyte including about 5 molar LiOH located within the positive electrode, and a first pump having a first pump inlet in fluid communication with the electrode outlet and a first pump outlet in fluid communication with the electrode inlet and controlled such that the first pump receives the electrolyte from the electrode outlet and discharges the electrolyte to the electrode inlet during both charge and discharge of the battery system.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an electrochemical cell includes a negative electrode, a porous separator adjacent to the negative electrode, and a positive electrode separated from the negative electrode by the porous separator, the positive electrode including a conductive matrix and a plurality of insulator particles extending from the conductive matrix.

Abstract: A battery system in one embodiment includes a negative electrode, a separator layer adjacent to the negative electrode, and a positive electrode adjacent to the separator layer, the positive electrode including a gas phase and an electrically conductive framework defining at least one wetting channel, the wetting channel configured to distribute an electrolyte within the electrically conductive framework.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a metal/air battery includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a protection layer located between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and a liquid phase electrolyte within the positive electrode, wherein the positive electrode is arranged to induce convection of the electrolyte by movement of a gas phase of oxygen within the positive electrode.

Abstract: A metal/air battery in one embodiment includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator positioned between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, wherein the pressure within the positive electrode is maintained at or above 10 bar with compression energy provided by electrons driving electrochemical reaction in the battery during charging of the metal/air battery.