Abstract: An observation optical system comprises an image display element 5 and an eyepiece optical system which introduces an image formed by the image display element 5 to a center of an eye of an observer without forming an intermediate image, so as to allow the observer to observe the image as a virtual image. The eyepiece optical system is constructed and arranged to bend the optical axis using reflecting surfaces so as to be compact. The optical axis lies in a plane, with respect to which the optical system is formed symmetric. The optical system includes a prism 3 having an entrance surface 33, a plurality of curved reflecting surfaces 31, 32 and an exit surface 31. The reflecting surface 32 is provided with a volume hologram (HOE) 4.

Abstract: This invention provides a speaker apparatus that outputs sound having smooth frequency characteristics. To solve the inconvenience with the prior art, this invention is a speaker apparatus comprising a diaphragm and a cylindrical-shaped coil bobbin, and not comprising a center cap that covers the coil bobbin, and where the diaphragm is located such that it rests on the coil bobbin, and the coil bobbin and diaphragm are located such that sound from the coil bobbin and diaphragm is not reflected.

Abstract: An optical data processing apparatus reads and/or writes data from/on a data storage medium, in which first and second data storage layer are stacked, by radiating light from the second layer. The processor includes: a light detector including at least one photodetector for generating a light quantity signal; a detecting optical system for guiding first and second reflected light beams from the first and second layers to the light detector; and a signal processor for generating a layer sensing signal from the light quantity signal and determining, by the layer sensing signal, whether the focal spot is now located near the first layer or the second layer. The detecting optical system includes an optical element that produces astigmatism to the first and second reflected beams.

Abstract: A head main body (12) is supported at a free end of a cantilevered suspension (14). The head main body (12) has a first holding portion (5) that is substantially in parallel to an information recording medium (1), and the suspension (14) has a second holding portion (6) that is substantially in parallel to the information recording medium (1) and is located near the free end of the suspension (14). When a magnetic head device is not used, the head main body (12) is spaced away from the information recording medium (1). At this time, when an external shock is applied, the first holding portion (5) and the second holding portion (6) contact each other, thereby preventing a permanent deformation of the suspension (14). It is possible to reduce a displacement amount against a shock when the head main body (12) is spaced away from the information recording medium (1). Consequently, a spacing amount of the magnetic head main body (12) can be reduced.

Abstract: An optical disk apparatus is provided which is capable of certainly preventing an optical disk from coming into contact with an objective lens, even when its power is kept turned off and servo control is not in operation, and preventing an optical disk from hitting the objective lens, even though it undergoes a strong disturbance. A cartridge 2 includes an opening portion through which an objective lens 4 comes close to an optical disk 1 and a rib 2b which is formed near the cartridge outer-edge connection part of the opening portion; the plane of the rib 2b on the side of the objective lens 4 is substantially on the same plane with the plane of incidence of the optical disk 1; when an optical disk apparatus 100 is turned off, a traverse mechanism 22 moves the objective lens 4 and a protective member 5 to a position P2 that faces the plane of the rib 2b on the side of the objective lens 4 when the cartridge 2 is housed in the optical disk apparatus 100.

Abstract: An observation optical system comprises an image display element and an eyepiece optical system which introduces an image formed by the image display element to a center of an eye of an observer without forming an intermediate image, so as to allow the observer to observe the image as a virtual image. The eyepiece optical system is constructed and arranged to bend the optical axis using reflecting surfaces so as to be compact. The image observation optical system can be made compact enough to be usable as an image display unit for a cellular phone or a portable intelligent terminal, and can achieve high image definition and wide field angle while controlling chromatic aberration of magnification to be small.

Abstract: Tilt correction means is operated so that the degree of modulation represented by the ratio of the amount of the detected reflected light from the groove areas G and the amount of the detected reflected light from the flat land areas L becomes maximal in a state wherein focus servo-control is made effective. Hence, the present invention can provide a system applicable to all optical disks including recording types and reproduction-only types, and capable of detecting a tilt correction signal without providing any special countermeasures on optical disks and devices, whereby it is possible to obtain an optical recording apparatus not adversely affecting the usage feeling of a user.

Abstract: A method for producing a hydrocyanic acid synthesis catalyst is disclosed which comprises sequential exposure of an iron surface, such as, for example, pig iron, to sequential oxidative and reductive atmospheres, preferably using repetitive cycles, the oxidative atmosphere preferably containing 5% to 3% by volume oxygen and the reductive atmosphere preferably containing 1% to 99% hydrogen.

Abstract: In high-speed high-density recording, heat generation becomes a problem as high-frequency modulation and strong magnetic field of a magnetic head are realized.

Abstract: An optical head is driven in a tracking direction with respect to a rotating optical disc. The optical head includes a light source, an optical block, a condenser shifter, and a rotating mechanism. The light source is used to read and write data from/on the optical disc. The optical block supports the light source. The condenser shifter includes a condenser, a movable body, a base, a focus direction drive mechanism and a tracking direction drive mechanism. The condenser focuses light, emitted from the light source, toward the optical disc. The movable body supports the condenser. The base supports the movable body elastically such that the movable body is able to shift in a focus direction and in the tracking direction. The focus and tracking direction drive mechanisms are provided to shift the movable body in the focus and tracking directions, respectively.

Abstract: An electronic data transaction system for onerously transferring copyright-protected electronic data (intangible form) without allowing the user to duplicate the data. The system resells the received electronic data to another consumer at a price lower than the regular price. This reselling system heightens the market awareness of consumers, provides return for the copyright owners from two sources, helps build a business model based on the market competition mechanism, and contributes to reduction of the price of electronic data and to expansion of the electronic data trading market (FIG. 1).

Abstract: In high-speed high-density recording, heat generation becomes a problem as high-frequency modulation and strong magnetic field of a magnetic head are realized. A thermally coupling contact portion is extended from a part of a suspension and is brought into contact with a magnetic core, by which heat generated in a coil is dissipated to the suspension via the magnetic core and the thermally coupling contact portion.

Abstract: There is disclosed a gel preparation for oral administration which contains a first eatable gel containing a medicinally effective ingredient and having a resolvability in the digestive tract, and a second eatable gel containing a medicinally effective ingredient and showing a behavior in the digestive tract different from that of the first eatable gel, the second eatable gel being contained in the first eatable gel.

Abstract: An observation optical system comprises an image display element 5 and an eyepiece optical system which introduces an image formed by the image display element 5 to a center of an eye of an observer without forming an intermediate image, so as to allow the observer to observe the image as a virtual image. The eyepiece optical system is constructed and arranged to bend the optical axis using reflecting surfaces so as to be compact. The optical axis lies in a plane, with respect to which the optical system is formed symmetric. The optical system includes a prism 3 having an entrance surface 33, a plurality of curved reflecting surfaces 31, 32 and an exit surface 31. The reflecting surface 32 is provided with a volume hologram (HOE) 4.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cleaning disk and a magneto-optical disk drive apparatus being simple in structure, adaptable to cleaning disks having various specifications, low in power consumption, low in electromagnetic noise, and preventing damage to the magnetic head and the optical head; the cleaning disk comprises a magneto-optical disk having an information layer, and a head-cleaning member, provided on the magneto-optical disk, for cleaning the magnetic head of the magneto-optical disk drive apparatus, wherein information regarding a magnetic head cleaning condition for setting the operation condition of the magneto-optical disk drive apparatus during cleaning of the magnetic head has been recorded in advance on the information layer of the magneto-optical disk. The magneto-optical disk drive apparatus reads the information regarding the magnetic head cleaning condition so as to set the operation condition properly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cleaning disk and a magneto-optical disk drive apparatus being simple in structure, adaptable to cleaning disks having various specifications, low in power consumption, low in electromagnetic noise, and preventing damage to the magnetic head and the optical head; the cleaning disk comprises a magneto-optical disk having an information layer, and a head-cleaning member, provided on the magneto-optical disk, for cleaning the magnetic head of the magneto-optical disk drive apparatus, wherein information regarding a magnetic head cleaning condition for setting the operation condition of the magneto-optical disk drive apparatus during cleaning of the magnetic head has been recorded in advance on the information layer of the magneto-optical disk. The magneto-optical disk drive apparatus reads the information regarding the magnetic head cleaning condition so as to set the operation condition properly.

Abstract: A disk cartridge includes a substantially box-shaped outer case that has an opening on one end face, and an inner case that is housed in the outer case such that the inner case can be pulled out and has a concave portion for an optical disk to be placed therein. In an end portion on a side of the opening of each of an upper side plate and a lower side plate of the outer case, a substantially V-shaped cutout formed by a substantially circular arc and an inclined substantially straight line is formed. In the inner case, a substantially U-shaped cutout formed by a substantially circular arc and two inclined substantially straight lines is formed. The substantially straight line forming the substantially V-shaped cutout and the two substantially straight lines forming the substantially U-shaped cutout are virtually parallel to each other.

Abstract: An observation optical system comprises an image display element 5 and an eyepiece optical system which introduces an image formed by the image display element 5 to a center of an eye of an observer without forming an intermediate image, so as to allow the observer to observe the image as a virtual image. The eyepiece optical system is constructed and arranged to bend the optical axis using reflecting surfaces so as to be compact. The optical axis lies in a plane, with respect to which the optical system is formed symmetric. The optical system includes a prism 3 having an entrance surface 33, a plurality of curved reflecting surfaces 31, 32 and an exit surface 31. The reflecting surface 32 is provided with a volume hologram (HOE) 4.

Abstract: An information recording medium 101 includes: a transparent substrate 109 having a first surface A and a second surface B opposite to the first surface A; reflectance reduction means 110 provided on the first surface A of the transparent substrate 109; and an information recording layer 120 provided on the second surface B of the transparent substrate 109.

Abstract: A converter that records or reproduces information to or from a recording medium while making a movement relative to the recording medium is mounted on a slider. The slider has at least a pair of openings on a side face thereof, and airflow generated by the movement relative to the recording medium flows in via one of the paired openings, passes in a vicinity of a surface of the converter other than a surface thereof facing the recording medium, and thereafter flows out via the other one of the paired openings. With this, the ability to cool the converter is improved.