Abstract: An image recording and/or reproducing apparatus including a recording unit having a recording driving mechanism for recording a plurality of images in the form of electrostatic pattern on different regions of a photosensitive member, a reading unit having a beam source and capable of scanning the photosensitive member by an electron beam so as to convert the recorded pattern into electric signals, and a connecting member for connecting the recording unit and the reading unit without causing any change in the states of these units. This apparatus makes it possible to record and/or to reproduce images with a high image quality. The connecting member includes a container accommodating the recording unit and the reading unit. Alternatively, the connecting member is adapted to keep a portion of the recoding unit and a portion of the reading unit in close contact with each other.

Abstract: A suspension control system for an automotive vehicle automatically adjusts the damping strength of variable shock absorbers or other dampers in accordance with road surface conditions as recognized by frequency analysis of a vehicle height or vibration sensor signal. The sensor signal reflects vertical displacement of the vehicle body from the road surface and includes high-frequency components due solely to displacement of the wheels or unsprung mass relative to the road surface and low-frequency components due to displacement of the vehicle body or sprung mass. The sensor signal is filtered into these separate frequency bands and the amplitude of each is compared to a corresponding reference level to give an indication of the irregularities in the road surface. Specifically, a high-amplitude low-frequency component indicates large-scale bumps and dips capable of bouncing the vehicle whereas a strong high-frequency component reflects a rough-textured road surface, such as gravel.

Abstract: A control method and unit for controlling an industrial robot or a manipulator in which a parameter a of a transfer function of a reference model is determined in accordance with the positioning time and a moving angle of the manipulator from the starting point to the end point of control and each of control gains are determined in accordance with the parameter thus determined so as to average or make the positioning time uniform among arm shafts of the manipulator. With this construction, the dispersion of the positioning time among the arm shafts are removed and a high speed positioning control of the manipulator is realized.

Abstract: An optical modulation device is disclosed, which includes: a first substrate having thereon a signal transmission electrode connected to a signal source and a first electrode having a delay function connected to the transmission electrode; a second substrate having thereon a second electrode disposed opposite to said first electrode; and an optical modulation material, particularly a ferroelectric liquid crystal, disposed between the first and second electrodes. An optical modulation system, particularly a gradational display system, utilizing the delay function is also disclosed.

Abstract: A color image processing apparatus comprising an input unit which receives a plurality of color component signals in parallel. A color correction device receives the plurality of color component signals and a signals representing the kind of a corrected color signal and outputs a selected kind of corrected color signal in order to sequentially obtain different corrected color signals for respective colors from the plurality of color component signals. A color image forming device forms respective color images sequentially using the corrected color signals output from the color correction device.

Abstract: In a method for plasma-initiated polymerization by the steps of exposing a vapor phase containing monomer vapor to a plasma and introducing a polymerization initiating active seed consequently produced into a condensate phase of monomer thereby effecting chain-growth polymerization of the monomer, the improvement which comprises effecting the production of the polymer while keeping a radical polymerization initiator present at least in the aforementioned vapor phase.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell having a pair of substrates disposed with a gap therebetween and a liquid crystal injected through a liquid crystal injection port and enclosed in the gap between the substrates. The liquid crystal cell has spacer members disposed on at least one of the substrates, a liquid crystal layer region, the thickness of which is regulated by the spacer members, and a reduced pressure space communicating with the liquid crystal layer region.

Abstract: This specification discloses an image formation method which uses a photosensitive member having a photoconductive layer provided on a transparent conductive layer and in which magnetic conductive particles are held and conveyed by magnetic force producing means and supplied to the photosensitive member and light information such as light signal or light image is applied to the conductive substrate side of the photosensitive member and simultaneously with the supply of the particles, the surface of the photosensitive member is developed by the particles correspondingly to the light signal or the light image, and an apparatus for realizing such method.

Abstract: A control system for an multi-articulation robot manipulator in which an electric current used to drive the robot manipulator is detected and compared with a predetermined level band near the saturated current level of the electric current, and a feedback gain is adjusted such that the detected electric current reaches within the predetermined level band.

Abstract: A unit removably mountable to the body of an image formation apparatus such as an electrophotographic copying apparatus or an information recording apparatus. An image formation apparatus provided with such unit. The unit has an image bearing member, and a developer containing portion having a volume capable of containing the total amount of developer consumed by developing device for developing images formed on the image bearing member, during the durability period of the unit.

Abstract: A dielectric or induction heating fixing device utilizing a high-frequency wave such as microwave for fixing an unfixed image on an image bearing member stabilizes the fixing effect in accordance with the size of the image bearing member. A control device controls the applied high-frequency wave in accordance with the size of the image bearing member, a conveyer conveys one side edge of the image bearing member of each size along a conveyance standard or reference, and a device regulates the area to which the high-frequency wave is applied, in accordance with each size. In a preferred embodiment, there is provided a control device for controlling the applied high-frequency wave so that the fixativeness of the unfixed image after the image bearing member has passed the area to which the high-frequency wave is applied becomes equal irrespective of the size of the image bearing member.

Abstract: An image formation method and apparatus utilizing the technique of removing a conductive one-component developer which adheres to the non-image bearing portion of an image bearing member such as a photosensitive member and provides the background fog of the image on the image bearing member. More particularly, it discloses an image formation method and apparatus in which one-component developer conductive particles are brought into contact with the developer forming the fog to thereby induce in said particles a charge of the opposite polarity to the polarity of the charge of the developer and the particles and the developer are attracted to each other by the coulomb force thereof, whereafter with the conveyance force of said particles, said developer is removed to thereby form a fogless image.

Abstract: This specification discloses a method of toner transfer development in which a low frequency alternating electrical bias is applied to the space between a latent image bearing member and a developer carrying member to develop the latent image on the latent image bearing member, and an apparatus for carrying out the same method. This bias has a first stage in which one-sided movement of developer particles from the developer carrying member to the image area of the latent image bearing member may take place, a second stage in which reciprocal movement of developer particles is effected between both the image and non-image areas of the latent image bearing member and the developer carrying member, and a third stage in which the intensity of the bias is reduced so that one-sided movement of developer particles from the developer carrying member to the image area and one-sided movement of developer particles from the non-image area to the developer carrying member may take place.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus using a high-frequency characterized in that an electric field concentration conductor is provided in conjunction with an opposed conductor. A recording medium is moved through an electric field concentration area formed by these conductors.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method for effecting development by coating an insulative toner on a developer supporting member having its conductive surface in the form of a roller or the like and then contacting the toner layer with a latent-image bearing surface. Furthermore, a cyclic displacement voltage such as AC voltage and pulsating voltage is applied between the development clearance to produce such an electric field of bias that, in at least the latter half of the developing process, is smaller than a threshold for actually separating the toner in such a direction that the deposited toner is separated from the image area, and also smaller than a so-called fog threshold for actually depositing the toner in such a direction that the toner is deposited on a non-image area.

Abstract: A developing device in which a one-component magnetic developer is brought into contact with an electrostatic image carrier in a developing station while it is conveyed in a predetermined direction, to thereby develop a desired electrostatic image is provided with developer carrier means carrying the one-component magnetic developer on the peripheral surface thereof and bringing the developer into contact with the electrostatic image carrier, means for moving a magnetic field along the peripheral surface of the developer carrier means to thereby move the one-component magnetic developer in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the magnetic field, and means for moving the developer carrier means in the direction of movement of the magnetic field.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for developing images, wherein a moving latent image holding member is opposed to a developer carrying member with a space gap between them at a developing section in an amount greater than the thickness of a developer layer coated on the surface of the developer carrying member, and an alternating electric field is applied across the latent image holding member and the developer carrying member to cause the developer to reciprocatingly move between the developer carrying member and an image portion as well as a non-image portion on the latent image holding member at least at the closest region to the latent image holding member and the developer carrying member, thereby causing the surface of the developer layer carried on the developer carrying member to move in substantially the same direction and at substantially the same speed as the latent image surface at the developing section.

Abstract: This specification discloses a method of toner transfer development in which a low frequency alternating electrical bias is applied to the space between a latent image bearing member and a developer carrying member to develop the latent image on the latent image bearing member, and an apparatus for carrying out the same method. This bias has a first process in which reciprocal movement of developer particles is effected also between the non-image area of the latent image bearing member and the developer carrying member, and a second process in which the intensity of the bias is adjusted so that one-sided movement of developer particles from the developer carrying member to the image area and one-sided movement of developer particles from the non-image area to the developer carrying member may take place.

Abstract: A developing method which comprises causing a layer of field-dependent developer which is supported on a supporting member and whose volume resistivity is 10.sup.12 .OMEGA..multidot.cm under an electric field of 30000 V/cm to be proximate to the surface of an image bearing member bearing a latent image thereon, and applying an AC voltage to between the substrate of the latent image bearing member and the developer supporting member to thereby effect development, and an apparatus therefor.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for developing magnetic latent image, wherein a toner bearing member holding thereon a magnetic toner having an electric charge in a particular polarity is brought closer to a magnetic latent image bearing member, and an alternating electric field is acted across the magnetic latent image bearing member and the toner bearing member to cause the toner to reciprocate between these members to visualize the magnetic latent image by the magnetic force of attraction.