Abstract: To provide an electrochromic compound, represented by the following general formula where X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7 and X8 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent; R1 and R2 are each independently a monovalent substituent; A? and B? are each independently a monovalent anion; and Y is represented by the following general formula (II) or (III): where X9, X10, X11, X12, X13, X14, X15, X16, X17, and X18 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent.

Abstract: An electrochromic device including: first substrate; first electrode-layer on the first substrate; electrochromic layer on the first electrode-layer; second substrate facing the first substrate; second electrode-layer formed on surface of the second substrate at side of the first substrate; electrolyte layer formed between the electrochromic layer and the second electrode-layer and curable at least with ultraviolet rays; first extraction electrode to electrically connect between the first electrode-layer and power source and including region that does not transmit ultraviolet rays in at least part of the first extraction electrode; and second extraction electrode to electrically connect between the second electrode-layer and the power source and including region that does not transmit ultraviolet rays in at least part of the second extraction electrode, the region in the first extraction electrode and the region in the second extraction electrode being arranged not to overlap with each other.

Abstract: An electrochromic element including: a first electrode; a second electrode that is opposed to and apart from the first electrode; and an electrolyte that is between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first electrode includes a polymerized product of an electrochromic composition that includes a radical-polymerizable compound including a triarylamine backbone, and wherein the second electrode includes a compound represented by General Formula (I) where R1 and R2 each denote a hydrogen atom, an aryl group including 14 or less carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group including 14 or less carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group including 10 or less carbon atoms, an alkenyl group including 10 or less carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group including 10 or less carbon atoms, or a functional group that is capable of binding to a hydroxyl group; n and m each denote 0 or an integer of from 1 through 10; and X? denotes a charge-neutralizing ion.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic device including an electrochromic element including a protrusion on a periphery of the electrochromic element, and a frame holding the electrochromic element, wherein the protrusion includes an electrode pad, and the frame includes a connecting member configured to electrically connect to the electrode pad.

Abstract: To provide an electrochromic compound, represented by the following general formula (I): General Formula (I) where X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7 and X8 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent; R1 and R2 are each independently a monovalent substituent; A? and B? are each independently a monovalent anion; and Y is represented by the following general formula (II) or (III): General Formula (II) General Formula (III) where X9, X10, X11, X12, X13, X14, X15, X16, X17, and X18 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent.

Abstract: An electrochromic element is provided. The electrochromic element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, a first layer overlying the first electrode, and a second layer overlying the second electrode. The first layer contains an oxidizable color-developing electrochromic compound. The second layer contains a compound having the following formula (1): wherein each of R1 to R5 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group, and at least one of R1 to R5 includes a functional group directly or indirectly bindable to a hydroxyl group (OH).

Abstract: An electrochromic apparatus includes a first substrate, a first electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, a second substrate, a second electrode layer, a first extraction electrode layer, a second extraction electrode layer, and a partition wall. The first extraction electrode layer contacts the first electrode layer and is isolated from the second electrode layer and the electrochromic layer. The second extraction electrode layer contacts the second electrode layer and is isolated from the first electrode layer and the electrolyte layer. The partition wall is electrically insulative and sandwiched between the first extraction electrode layer and the electrolyte layer and between the second extraction electrode layer and the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic display device, including: a pair of electrodes facing each other; an electrochromic layer provided to one of the pair of electrodes: and an electrolytic solution layer provided between the electrodes facing each other, wherein the electrochromic display device includes an yttrium-containing metal oxide layer between the electrochromic layer and the electrode to which the electrochromic layer is provided.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic compound represented by the following general formula (I) or (II) where R1 to R13 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a monovalent organic group, or a polymerizable functional group, and at least one of the R1 to the R13 is a polymerizable functional group.

Abstract: An electrochromic element includes first and second display electrodes arranged at intervals and opposed to each other, at least one of the first and second display electrodes being transparent; an electrolyte provided between the first and second display electrodes; a first electrochromic layer including at least one of an oxidized electrochromic compound and an oxidized electrochromic composition, and contacting the first display electrode and the electrolyte; a second electrochromic layer including at least one of a reduced electrochromic compound and a reduced electrochromic composition, and contacting the second display electrode and the electrolyte; third and fourth auxiliary electrodes contacting the electrolyte; a reduction layer provided on the third auxiliary electrode and including a reductant of a first material; and an oxidation layer provided on the fourth auxiliary electrode and including an oxidant of a second material. The first and second materials can be oxidized and reduced reversibly.

Abstract: To provide an electrochromic compound, represented by the following general formula (I), where Ar1 is a pyridinium ring having a structure represented by the following general formula (IIa), (IIb), or (IIc), where Ar2 is a monovalent heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent, but Ar2 is not a pyridinium ring; R1 to R8 are each independently a monovalent group which may have a functional group, where the monovalent group may have a substituent; A is a monovalent group which may have a functional group, where the monovalent group may have a substituent; and B? is a monovalent anion.

Abstract: To provide an electrochromic compound represented by the following general formula (1) where X1 and X2 are each independently a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, R1, R2 and R3 are each independently a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, x is an integer selected from 0 through 3, y and z are each independently an integer selected from 0 through 4, and at least one of L1 and L2 is a monovalent functional group bonded to a nitrogen atom of a pyridinium ring directly, or via a divalent substituent.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic display device, including: a pair of electrodes facing each other; an electrochromic layer provided to one of the pair of electrodes: and an electrolytic solution layer provided between the electrodes facing each other, wherein the electrochromic display device includes an yttrium-containing metal oxide layer between the electrochromic layer and the electrode to which the electrochromic layer is provided.

Abstract: To provide an electrochromic device including: a support; a first electrode formed on the support; a second electrode facing the first electrode, where through-holes are formed in the second electrode; an electrochromic layer disposed in a space between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first electrolyte layer disposed in the space between the first electrode and the second electrode; a second electrolyte layer disposed to communicate with the first electrolyte layer through the through-holes; an inorganic protective layer, which is disposed on a surface of the second electrolyte layer not facing the second electrode, and is configured to shield oxygen and water vapor; and an organic protective layer disposed on a surface of the inorganic protective layer that does not face the second electrolyte layer.

Abstract: An electrochromic device is provided. The electrochromic device includes a laminated body having a curved surface shape and an optical lens on a first surface of the laminated body. The laminated body includes a substrate, a first electrode layer on the substrate, an electrochromic layer in contact with the first electrode layer, a second electrode layer facing the first electrode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer and in contact with electrochromic layer.

Abstract: An electrochromic apparatus including a first support, a first electrode, a first transparent conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, a second support, a second electrode, a second transparent conductive layer, and an electrolyte layer is provided. The first and second supports have first and second surfaces, respectively, on each of which a plurality of grooves is formed. The grooves on the second surface are facing the grooves on the first surface. The first and second electrodes are disposed at each one of the plurality of grooves of the first and second supports, respectively. The first and second transparent conductive layers are in contact with the first and second surfaces, respectively. The electrochromic layer is in contact with the first transparent conductive layer. The electrolyte layer is between the electrochromic layer and the second transparent conductive layer.

Abstract: To provide an electrochromic display element, which contains: a display substrate; a display electrode; an electrochromic layer provided in contact with the display electrode; a counter substrate provided to face the display substrate; a counter electrode; a charge retention layer provided in contact with the counter electrode; and an electrolyte layer filling between the display substrate and the counter substrate, wherein the electrochromic layer contains titanium oxide particles, and metal hydroxide is dispersed on surfaces and in inner parts of the titanium oxide particles.

Abstract: To provide an electrochromic device, including a laminated body, which includes: at least one support; a first electrode layer on the support; an electrochromic layer on the first electrode layer; a second electrode layer disposed to face the first electrode layer; and an electrolyte layer, which fills between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and is on the electrochromic layer, the at least one support including a resin substrate, and the laminated body having a desired curve formed by thermoforming.

Abstract: An electrochromic element is provided. The electrochromic element includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode with a gap therebetween, and a color developing layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The color developing layer includes an electrochromic compound that develops and discharges color by a redox reaction and a compound having an adsorption group adsorptive to the first electrode.

Abstract: An electrochromic device is provided including a first substrate, a first electrode on the first substrate, a second substrate, a second electrode on the second substrate facing the first electrode, an electrochromic layer in contact with the first electrode, an anti-deterioration layer in contact with the second electrode facing the first electrode, and an electrolyte layer in contact with both the electrochromic layer and the anti-deterioration layer. At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode includes In2O3, and has an infrared light transmittance of 70% or more at a wavelength of 1,500 nm. The electrochromic layer includes a triarylamine-containing radical polymerizable compound represented by a specific formula.