Abstract: Disclosed are electrochromic compounds represented by the formulas defined in the specification.

Abstract: An ion conductor includes a mixture including an electrolyte including a salt including inorganic or organic pairs of negative and positive ions, and a low-molecular liquid crystal material. Further, an impedance of the ion conductor varies in accordance with an increase of a voltage applied to the ion conductor due to an orientation response of the low-molecular liquid crystal material, the impedance being determined by an AC impedance method.

Abstract: An electrochromic display device includes a display substrate, a counter substrate facing the display substrate, counter electrodes arranged on the counter substrate, an electrolyte layer arranged between the display substrate and the counter electrodes, display electrodes separately arranged from one another between the display substrate and the counter electrodes, electrochromic layers to develop or reduce a color by redox reactions, the electrochromic layers being formed on the respective display electrodes arranged such that the electrochromic layers face the set of the counter electrodes, a voltage applying unit to select one of the display electrodes to connect the selected display electrode and the counter electrodes to apply a voltage between the connected display electrode and counter electrodes, a disconnecting unit to disconnect the unselected display electrodes from the counter electrodes, and an interelectrode connecting unit to connect the display electrodes.

Abstract: A disclosed electrochromic display element includes a display substrate, a counter substrate facing the display substrate, display electrodes arranged between the display substrate and the counter substrate, electrochromic layers formed on the respective display electrodes, a plurality of drive elements arranged on the counter substrate at predetermined intervals, a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged on the drive elements, a charge retention layer formed over the pixel electrodes as a continuous layer, the charge retention layer being formed of a mixed film including a polymer and one of electric conductive microparticles and semiconductor microparticles, and an electrolyte layer sandwitched between the display substrate and the charge retention layer.

Abstract: The photoelectric converter includes a substrate; and multiple cells located on the substrate so as to be overlaid. The first cell contacted with the substrate includes a transparent electrode located on the substrate, and a first photoelectric conversion layer located on the transparent electrode. The other cell or each of the others of the multiple cells includes a porous electroconductive layer located closer to the substrate and including an electroconductive material, and a photoelectric conversion layer located on the porous electroconductive layer. Each of the photoelectric conversion layers of the multiple cells includes an electron transport layer including an electron transport material, a dye connected with or adsorbed on the electron transport material, and a hole transport material. The hole transport material is also contained in voids of the porous electroconductive layer.

Abstract: An electrochromic display apparatus includes a display substrate; an opposite substrate disposed opposite the display substrate; an opposite electrode disposed on the opposite substrate; a plurality of display electrodes disposed between the display substrate and the opposite electrode, the display electrodes being electrically isolated from each other; a plurality of electrochromic layers disposed on the corresponding display electrodes; and an electrolyte disposed between the display electrodes and the opposite electrode. An electric resistance between one display electrode and another display electrode is greater than an electric resistance of the one or the other display electrode. One or more display electrodes that are disposed between the display electrode closest to the display substrate and the opposite electrode are configured to be permeable to the electrolyte.

Abstract: An electrochromic display device includes a display substrate, a counter substrate facing the display substrate, counter electrodes formed on the counter substrate, at least first and second display electrodes arranged between the display substrate and the counter electrodes, the first display electrode and the second display electrode having a predetermined distance from each other, a first electrochromic layer arranged on the first display electrode and a second electrochromic layer arranged on the second display electrode, an electrolyte layer arranged between the respective first and the second display electrodes and the counter electrodes, and a protective layer made of an insulator material formed on a counter electrode facing side surface of one of the first and the second display electrodes such that the protective layer is sandwiched between the selected one of the first and the second display electrodes and a corresponding one of the first and the second electrochromic layers.

Abstract: An electrochromic compound represented by the following General Formula (1). A-(CX2)n—B??General Formula (1) In the formula, A is a monovalent binding group, B is a redox chromophore, X is a halogen atom, and n is an integer of 1 or more.

Abstract: Provided is an optical recording medium including, in sequence: a first substrate; a first information recording layer; an intermediate layer; a second information recording layer; and a second substrate having wobble convex portions on its surface, wherein information is recorded on or reproduced from the first information recording layer and second information recording layer by irradiation with a laser beam from a first information recording layer side, wherein the second information recording layer includes, over the second substrate, a light reflective layer, a dye recording layer, and an inorganic protective layer, wherein the inorganic protective layer has a thickness of 3 nm to 40 nm, and wherein the dye recording layer includes a cyanine compound expressed by General Formula (I) and a squarylium compound expressed by General Formula (II):

Abstract: An electrochromic display element including a display substrate, at least one display electrode, a counter electrode, a counter substrate, at least one electrochromic layer in contact with the display electrode, and an electrolyte layer between the electrochromic layer and the counter electrode, wherein the electrolyte layer contains a matrix resin having a three-dimensionally crosslinked structure and a mixture of a liquid crystal compound and an electrolyte, and wherein the mixture of the liquid crystal compound and the electrolyte is dispersed as a continuous phase in the matrix resin.

Abstract: An electrochromic display apparatus is disclosed that includes a stacked body which includes a display electrode and an electrochromic layer that are stacked on each other; a film which includes through holes, and is disposed on one of the display electrode and the electrochromic layer of the stacked body; and an opposed substrate on which an opposed electrode that faces toward the display electrode is formed.

Abstract: The present invention is aimed to provide a high-performance single-sided double-layer optical recording medium with reduced crosstalk between recording marks, wherein favorable recording signal properties are obtained even from the second recording layer located more distant from the substrate to which the light is applied, and reproducing method thereof, and an optical recording and reproducing apparatus. The optical recording medium possesses the following aspects: the optical recording medium comprises a first substrate, a first information layer, an intermediate layer, a second information layer and a second substrate in this order; the first information layer comprises a first recording layer; the second information layer comprises a second reflective layer, a second recording layer with an organic dye and a protective layer; and the pyrolysis temperature range, the DTA peak width of the thermal analysis on the organic dye in the second recording layer, is 45° C. or less.

Abstract: An electrochromic compound having in the molecule at least an adsorbable group, a redox chromophore and a spacer portion, and represented by the following General Formula (1): wherein A represents the adsorbable group, C represents the redox chromophore, and X represents the spacer portion represented by the following formula; wherein R1 and R3 each represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic derivative group, R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group.

Abstract: To provide a squarylium compound forming a metal complex, expressed by the general formula (I): where R1 and R2 are the same or different and each of R1 and R2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, or heterocyclic group; Q represents a metal atom having coordinating ability; q represents 2 or 3; R3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, or aryl group; R4 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl group,’ R5 represents a hydrogen atom, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl group; R6 represents a halogen atom, nitro group, cyano group, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, or alkoxy group; p represents any integer ranging from 0 to 4; and RGs are the same or different and any adjacently located two R6s optionally form a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring together with two adjacent carbon atoms when p is 2, 3 or 4.

Abstract: To provide an optical recording medium including: a substrate having at least one of grooves and pits on a surface thereof; and a dye recording layer formed over the substrate, wherein the dye recording layer comprises a cyanine dye represented by the following General Formula (I), a squaric acid complex represented by the following General Formula (II), and an amine compound.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an optical recording medium which comprises a substrate, and a first information layer and a second information layer disposed on the substrate, and an intermediate layer disposed between the first information layer and the second information layer, wherein any one of recording and reproducing is performed in the first information layer and the second information layer by irradiating a laser beam from the first information layer side, the second information layer comprises a protective layer, a second dye layer which comprises an organic dye, an oxidized layer, and a reflective layer in this order from the laser beam irradiation side, and the oxidized layer comprises an oxide which is a material constituting the reflective layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical recording material allows for obtaining excellent recording signal properties even at high-speed recording and is excellent in durability in both a single-sided single layer optical recording medium and a single-sided two-layer optical recording medium having a first recording layer and a second recording layer. The optical recording material contains a cyanine compound having a specific structure and a squarylium compound as dyes for optical recording layers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical recording medium containing a first substrate, a first information layer, an intermediate layer, a second information layer and a second substrate in this order, wherein the first information layer contains a first recording layer disposed on the first substrate and the second information layer contains a reflective layer, a second recording layer containing an organic dye and a protective layer which are disposed on the second substrate in this order; and the second recording layer contains an organic dye which is at least one elected from the group consisting of the specified squarylium metal chelate compounds.

Abstract: An optical recording medium, comprising a dye recording layer, wherein a recording mark portion is formed at the dye recording layer by use of a laser light having a wavelength of 640 nm to 680 nm, and a reflectance after recording with respect to the laser light at the recording mark portion is increased compared to a reflectance before recording.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate on which a semiconductor circuit is formed. A second substrate is disposed over the first substrate to include a first electrode formed on a first surface to perform image displaying, and a second electrode exposed to a second surface and bonded to the first electrode via a contact hole. A third substrate is disposed over the second substrate to include a third electrode formed to perform image displaying in association with the first electrode of the second substrate. An image displaying layer is disposed between the second substrate and the third substrate to perform image displaying. An electrode on a surface of the first substrate on which the semiconductor circuit is formed is electrically connected to the second electrode exposed to the second surface of the second substrate.