Abstract: A manufacturing method of a field effect transistor in which, a patterned gate electrode is provided on a substrate, and a gate insulator is provided on the substrate and the gate electrode, a source electrode and a drain electrode are spaced apart from each other on the gate insulator, a region to be a channel between the source electrode and the drain electrode is provided, a boundary between the region and either one of the source electrode and the drain electrode is linear, a boundary between the region and either one of the drain electrode and the source electrode is non-linear, the boundary has a continuous or discontinuous shape, and the boundary part has a plurality of recess parts, the surface of the region has hydrophilicity and a peripheral region of the region prepares a member having water-repellency, and a solution including semiconductor organic molecules is supplied to the region, and the solution is dried.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for inexpensively reducing the contact resistance between an electrode and an organic semiconductor upon a p-type operation of the organic semiconductor; and a method for inexpensively operating, as an n-type semiconductor, an organic semiconductor that is likely to work as a p-type semiconductor. In addition, also disclosed are a p-cannel FET, an n-channel FET, and a C-TFT which can be fabricated inexpensively. Specifically, a p-type region and an n-type region is inexpensively prepared on one substrate by arranging an organic semiconductor that is likely to work as a p-type semiconductor in a p-channel FET region and an n-channel FET region of a C-TFT; and arranging a self-assembled monolayer between an electrode and the organic semiconductor in the n-channel FET region, which self-assembled monolayer is capable of allowing the organic semiconductor to work as an n-type semiconductor.

Abstract: A TFT having a large mobility of carriers that are conducted through a channel as compared with a conventional organic TFT, and a method of manufacturing the TFT inexpensively and easily are provided. The channel is formed of a semiconductor organic molecular crystal thin film which is highly oriented, and a TFT that is large in the mobility of the carriers that are conducted through the channel, and a lyophilic TFT pattern that is surrounded by a lyophobic region on a substrate are formed, and the configuration of the pattern is featured, whereby a solution of the semiconductor organic molecules which is supplied to an appropriate region of a substrate surface including the channel is spontaneously dried in an anisotropic fashion, and highly oriented crystal is grown in the drying process.

Abstract: A gas field ion source that can simultaneously increase a conductance during rough vacuuming and reduce an extraction electrode aperture diameter from the viewpoint of the increase of ion current. The gas field ion source has a mechanism to change a conductance in vacuuming a gas molecule ionization chamber. That is, the conductance in vacuuming a gas molecule ionization chamber is changed in accordance with whether or not an ion beam is extracted from the gas molecule ionization chamber. By forming lids as parts of the members constituting the mechanism to change the conductance with a bimetal alloy, the conductance can be changed in accordance with the temperature of the gas molecule ionization chamber, for example the conductance is changed to a relatively small conductance at a relatively low temperature and to a relatively large conductance at a relatively high temperature.

Abstract: In an oscillating apparatus or a frequency detecting apparatus in which a center frequency and a variable frequency range are freely or optionally established with a high stability and a high accuracy, a first frequency component of a signal from a first crystal oscillator and a second frequency component of another signal from a second crystal oscillator are subjected to a synthesizing operation in a synthesizer and to other operations to obtain a desired center frequency and a desired variable frequency range.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to improve the stability of a gas field ionization ion source. A GFIS according to the present invention is characterized in that the aperture diameter of the extraction electrode can be set to any of at least two different values or the distance from the apex of the emitter to the extraction electrode can be set to any of at least two different values. In addition, solid nitrogen is used for cooling. According to the present invention, it is possible to not only let divergently emitted ions go through the aperture of the extraction electrode but also, in behalf of differential pumping, reduce the diameter of the aperture. In addition, it is possible to reduce the physical vibration of the cooling means. Consequently, it is possible to provide a highly stable GFIS and a scanning charged particle microscope equipped with such a GFIS.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a thin-film transistor device. This method enables improvement in performance of a complementary TFT circuit incorporated in a thin- and light-weighted image display device or a flexible electronic device and also enables reduction of power consumption and reduction of manufacturing cost of the circuit. Further in the method, the number of manufacturing steps is decreased so that mass production and growth in size of thin film transistor devices are facilitated through a printing technique. In this method, electrodes forming n-type and p-type TFT and an organic semiconductor are made of the same material in both types of TFT by the solution-process and/or printable process method. A first polarizable thin-film 7 is formed on an interface between a gate insulator and a semiconductor, and also a second polarizable thin film 8 provided on an interface between source and drain electrodes 5 and a semiconductor film 9.

Abstract: An n-type TFT and a p-type TFT are realized by selectively changing only a cover coat without changing a TFT material using an equation for applying the magnitude of a difference in the Fermi energy between an interface of semiconductor and an electrode and between an interface of semiconductor and insulator. At this time, in order to configure a predetermined circuit, the process is performed, as a source electrode and a drain electrode of the p-type TFT and a source electrode and a drain electrode of the n-type TFT being connected all, respectively, and an unnecessary interconnection is cut by irradiating light using a scanning laser exposure apparatus or the like.

Abstract: A method of coating by supplying a liquid material from a nozzle tip to form a film on a substrate surface facing to the nozzle, having the steps of: preparing a translation mechanism, which is capable of moving the nozzle in an in-plane direction and in a thickness direction of the substrate; making the nozzle to come gradually closer to the substrate, after positioning of the nozzle on the in-plane of the substrate, by using the translation mechanism; detecting electric current flowing through the nozzle from the substrate surface, when a semiconductor droplet supplied from the nozzle tip contacts with an electrode installed at the substrate surface; stopping accession of the nozzle to the substrate, when the electric current exceeds threshold value set in advance; and making the nozzle tip apart from the substrate farther than in the stopping, so as to coat the substrate with the liquid material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a picture element driving circuit of an active matrix display device, with a configuration of no through-holes, including two or more FETs. A display device of the present invention has a structure in which a first field-effect transistor and a second field-effect transistor are provided, insulation films of the first and second field-effect transistor are formed on the same layer, and semiconductors used as channels of the two field-effect transistors are formed on both surfaces of the insulation film, respectively. The display device has an electric circuit of a structure in which one of source/drain electrodes of the first field-effect transistor is used as a gate electrode of the second field-effect transistor.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for inexpensively reducing the contact resistance between an electrode and an organic semiconductor upon a p-type operation of the organic semiconductor; and a method for inexpensively operating, as an n-type semiconductor, an organic semiconductor that is likely to work as a p-type semiconductor. In addition, also disclosed are a p-cannel FET, an n-channel FET, and a C-TFT which can be fabricated inexpensively. Specifically, a p-type region and an n-type region is inexpensively prepared on one substrate by arranging an organic semiconductor that is likely to work as a p-type semiconductor in a p-channel FET region and an n-channel FET region of a C-TFT; and arranging a self-assembled monolayer between an electrode and the organic semiconductor in the n-channel FET region, which self-assembled monolayer is capable of allowing the organic semiconductor to work as an n-type semiconductor.

Abstract: In an oscillating apparatus or a frequency detecting apparatus in which a center frequency and a variable frequency range are freely or optionally established with a high stability and a high accuracy, a first frequency component of a signal from a first crystal oscillator and a second frequency component of another signal from a second crystal oscillator are subjected to a synthesizing operation in a synthesizer and to other operations to obtain a desired center frequency and a desired variable frequency range.

Abstract: A method for determining the combination of the electrode and organic semiconductor with improved electron injection efficiency and hole injection efficiency in an organic TFT is provided, two types of FETS, that is, an n channel FET and a p channel FET are realized, and further, a complementary TFT (CTFT) is provided. The method for obtaining the vacuum level shift at the electrode metal/organic semiconductor interface from physical constants of constituent elements of the electrode and the organic semiconductor is provided. By changing the electrode metal through an electrochemical method, the electrodes whose electron injection and hole injection can be controlled are formed. By using these electrodes, two types of FETs such as an n channel FET and a p channel FET are realized, thereby providing a complementary TFT (CTFT).

Abstract: If an organic transistor is formed by printing with a low cost, there are problems in that an inexpensive electrode material has a high contact resistance with a semiconductor, and an expensive electrode material has a low contact resistance. To solve the problems, the present invention provides an organic transistor and a method of forming the same, the organic transistor being formed with a low material cost and low manufacturing cost and providing a low contact resistance with a semiconductor and high performance. The organic transistor has electrodes whose bodies are formed mainly of an inexpensive first metal and whose surfaces are formed of a second metal that is expensive but provides high performance properties. To obtain stability of this structure with a low cost, the present invention uses a property of the second metal, in which the second metal is easily segregated on the surface of the first metal in an alloy of the first metal and the second metal.

Abstract: Magnetoresistive devices with increased response sensitivity to external magnetic fields and an increased magnetoresistive ratio (MR ratio) to cope with rapid advances made in a highdensity magnetic recording device. A patterned dielectric layer is laminated in a flat shape on a substrate capable of being doped with carriers (holes) in an electric field, and an FET structure with gate electrodes is then fabricated on that dielectric layer, and the substrate spatially modulated by applying a nonuniform electrical field to induce a first ferromagnetic domain, a nonmiagnetic domain and a second ferromagnetic domain.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a field effect transistor in which, a patterned gate electrode is provided on a substrate, and a gate insulator is provided on the substrate and the gate electrode, a source electrode and a drain electrode are spaced apart from each other on the gate insulator, a region to be a channel between the source electrode and the drain electrode is provided, a boundary between the region and either one of the source electrode and the drain electrode is linear, a boundary between the region and either one of the drain electrode and the source electrode is non-linear, the boundary has a continuous or discontinuous shape, and the boundary part has a plurality of recess parts, the surface of the region has hydrophilicity and a peripheral region of the region prepares a member having water-repellency, and a solution including semiconductor organic molecules is supplied to the region, and the solution is dried.

Abstract: A TFT having a large mobility of carriers that are conducted through a channel as compared with a conventional organic TFT, and a method of manufacturing the TFT inexpensively and easily are provided. The channel is formed of a semiconductor organic molecular crystal thin film which is highly oriented, and a TFT that is large in the mobility of the carriers that are conducted through the channel, and a lyophilic TFT pattern that is surrounded by a lyophobic region on a substrate are formed, and the configuration of the pattern is featured, whereby a solution of the semiconductor organic molecules which is supplied to an appropriate region of a substrate surface including the channel is spontaneously dried in an anisotropic fashion, and highly oriented crystal is grown in the drying process.

Abstract: A probe of scanning probe lithography which provides a long time of useful life. The probe has a tip part comprising a conductor and an insulator, the insulator is formed to cover the conductor, and the conductor is formed to provide a substantially uniform cross-sectional configuration with respect to a surface to be patterned through scanning.

Abstract: To provide a method of easily producing TFT in which the orientation of channel molecules or wires is enhanced, compared with conventional type organic TFT at a low price, a lyophilic TFT pattern encircled by a lyophobic area is formed on a substrate, spontaneous movement is made in a droplet containing organic molecules or nanowires dropped in a channel region by characterizing the form of the pattern, and the organic molecules or the nanowires are oriented in the channel region by the movement.

Abstract: A rechargeable lithium battery includes an anode doped with lithium ions in an amount corresponding to the irreversible capacity. The anode is produced by applying lithium ions to an anodic active carbonaceous material. The anode may be produced by applying a slurry of the anodic active material composition containing a carbonaceous material to an anodic collector, drying and compression-molding the resulting article, and applying lithium ions to the molded article. Alternatively, the lithium-doped anode may be produced by applying lithium ions in the production of a carbonaceous material to yield a carbonaceous material containing lithium ions, and mixing the same with a carbonaceous material containing no lithium ions. The resulting rechargeable lithium battery using, for example, amorphous carbon as an anodic active material and a lithium transition metal compound as a cathodic active material shows a reduced irreversible capacity.