Abstract: A process for preparing glucose-1-phosphate from an .alpha.-glucan and orthophosphate using a phosphorylase immobilized onto an anion-exchange resin is disclosed. The anion-exchange resin used is a synthetic polymer resin into which an anion exchange group; a primary to quarternary ammonium group, a phosphonium group, or a sulfonium group, is introduced. This type of immobilized phosphorylase ensures (i) an effective utilization of phosphorylase, (ii) a higher reactivity of a higher absorbance of the phosphorylase to the resin, (iii) an excellent phosphorylase activity retention performance, and (iv) a higher physical strength of the resin.

Abstract: An alkali metal monoalkylphosphate having a saturated or unsaturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 32 carbon atoms is described; also described is a process for preparing particles of said alkali metal zinc monoalkylphosphate and cosmetics containing said particles.

Abstract: An alkali metal monoalkylphosphate having a saturated or unsaturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 32 carbon atoms is described; also described is a process for preparing particles of said alkali metal zinc monoalkylphosphate and cosmetics containing said particles.

Abstract: An alkali metal monoalkylphosphate having a saturated or unsaturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 32 carbon atoms is described; also described is a process for preparing particles of said alkali metal zinc monoalkylphosphate and cosmetics containing said particles.

Abstract: A novel monophosphate and a novel diphosphate prepared by a phosphatidyl transfer reaction of a phospholipid and an alcohol in the presence of phospholipase D are disclosed. The phosphates can independently or together form small and stable liposomes which can include active components therein. Cosmetic compositions comprising these phosphates or liposomes penetrate well into the hair and the skin, and exhibit long-lasting excellent moisture-retaining, beauty, skin-activation effects.

Abstract: Phosphoric acid esters represented by the following formulae (I) and (IX) as well as processes for preparing them are disclosed. ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a linear or branched, alkyl or alkenyl group having a C.sub.1-36 carbon atom content, with or without the hydrogen atom(s) being substituted with fluorine atom(s), or a phenyl group with substituted linear or branched alkyl group(s) having a C.sub.1-15 carbon atom content, R.sub.2 represents an alkylene group having a C.sub.2-3 carbon atom content, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 independently denote a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having a C.sub.1-3 carbon atom content, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 independently denote a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl, alkenyl, or phenyl group with or without the hydrogen atom(s) being substituted with group(s) containing hetero atom(s), excepting for a mercapto group, R.sub.7 and R.sub.

Abstract: A peptide or protein is modified by reacting a phosphoric acid ester represented by the following general formula (I) with a peptide or protein: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 means a linear or branched, C.sub.1-36 alkyl or C.sub.2-36 alkenyl group whose hydrogen atom or atoms may be substituted by the corresponding number of fluorine atom(s) or a phenyl group substituted by at least one linear or branched C.sub.1-15 alkyl group, R.sub.2 denotes a C.sub.2-3 alkylene group, m stands for a number of 0-30, and M is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, an ammonium ion, an alkylamine residue or an alkanolamine residue.

Abstract: A novel phosphoric ester of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein, Z represents the following radicals ##STR2## useful as modifiers for amino acids, peptides and proteins which are easily decomposable in living bodies.

Abstract: Phosphoric acid esters represented by the following formulae (I) and (IX) as well as processes for preparing them are disclosed. ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a linear or branched, alkyl or alkenyl group having a C.sub.1-36 carbon atom content, with or without the hydrogen atom(s) being substituted with fluorine atom(s), or a phenyl group with substituted linear or branched alkyl group(s) having a C.sub.1-15 carbon atom content, R.sub.2 represents an alkylene group having a C.sub.2-3 carbon atom content, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 independently denote a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having a C.sub.1-3 carbon atom content, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 independently denote a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl, alkenyl, or phenyl group with or without the hydrogen atom(s) being substituted with group(s) containing hetero atom(s), excepting for a mercapto group, R.sub.7 and R.sub.

Abstract: A novel phosphoric ester of the following formula (I) ##STR1## is prepared by reacting a phosphoric ester of the following formula (II) ##STR2## with a basic compound. By reacting the phosphoric ester (I) with various types of amine compounds or other acidic hydrogen-bearing compounds, various phospholipid analogue compounds or phosphoric esters can be derived.

Abstract: A detergent composition contains as an essential component a compound represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R means ##STR2## R.sup.1 denotes a straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl group or a substituted phenyl group. R.sup.2 is an alkylene group having 2-3 carbon atoms, m is 0-30, and n stands for 0 or 1. M means a hydrogen atom or denotes an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, zinc or aluminum atom, an ammonium ion, or an alkylamine or alkanolamine residuum thereby to indicate the formation of a salt of the compound of the general formula (I).

Abstract: Metal salts of monoalkyl phosphates of the following formula ##STR1## in which each R represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 32 carbon atoms, and M represents an alkaline earth metal or divalent transition metal.The metal salts are particularly suitable as cosmetic powders, fillers for resins, and lubricants, parting agents and pigment dispersants for polymeric compounds. When used as cosmetic powders, the metal salts improve spreadability, moistness, smoothness, adherence, transparency and covering power of cosmetics.Preparation process of the metal salts is also disclosed.

Abstract: A water-soluble viscosity increasing agent consisting essentially of: (i) an ester of a 40 to 400 moles ethylene oxide adduct of polyhydric alcohol and a C.sub.8-36 branched fatty acid, (ii) an ester of polyethylene glycol having average molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 and a C.sub.8-36 branched fatty acid, and (iii) a 40 to 400 mole ethylene oxide adduct of an ester of a polyhydric alcohol and a C.sub.8-36 branched fatty acid. The viscosity increasing agent can increase the viscosity of solutions of various surface active agents, while maintaining their stability and solubility in the solutions. When it is formulated to a detergent suitable for washing textiles, tablewares, human skins, hairs and the like, it can provide a detergent composition with a proper viscosity as well as a good detergency.

Abstract: A novel method for purifying a sugar phosphate or its salt, in which a sugar-containing mixture of a sugar phosphate or its salt and phosphoric acid or its salt is subjected to electrodialysis to remove the phosphoric acid or its salt from the mixture.According to this method, the phosphoric acid or its salt can be readily obtained in a reusable form. The method is thus quite advantageous in view of the economy.

Abstract: Novel phosphoric esters represented by the following general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 36 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group substituted with a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 individually represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 36 carbon atoms providing that any one of R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 has 5 or more carbon atoms, and n is a number from 0 to 30 are obtained by reacting phosphoric esters of the following formula ##STR2## with amines at a high purity and in a high yield. The phosphoric esters (I) are excellent in the surface tension and foaming property, and give extremely low stimulus to the skin, so that they can be utilized in detergent compositions, cosmetic compositions, emulsifiers, dispersants, anti-static agents and the like.

Abstract: A novel phosphoric ester represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## is produced by halogenating the hydroxyl group of a monoalkyl phosphoric acid, reacting the halogenated product with N-benzoyloxycarbonyl serine ester and then removing protecting groups for the carboxyl group and amino group.According to the present production process, the phosphoric ester can be obtained inexpensively at a high yield and high purity. Further, the phosphoric ester has a structure similar to that of the phospholipid and has nitrogen-containing polar groups such as amino group in one molecule, so that it has excellent emulsification ability and moisture keeping function. It is thus useful as emulsifiers, humectants and the like.

Abstract: Novel phosphoric esters of the general formula ##STR1## in which X represents a halogen, R.sub.1 represents a linear or branched alkyl, fluoroalkyl or alkenyl group having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group substituted with a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 represents an alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, n is a value of from 0 to 30, and M represents a hydrogen atom, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, or an alkylamine or alkanolamine salt are prepared by reacting a salt of a phosphoric monoester of the general formula (II) ##STR2## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and n have, respectively, the same meanings as defined above, and M.sub.1 represents an alkali metal, with an epihalohydrin of the general formula (III) ##STR3## in which X has the same meaning as defined above, and optionally, converting the resulting product into a free acid or a different salt.

Abstract: A phosphoric ester salt of high purity is produced by converting a phosphoric ester in a mixture containing the phosphoric ester and one or more nonionic compounds into a phosphoric ester salt by using a basic compound, and extracting nonionic compounds from the above mixture by using a mixed solvent of aliphatic hydrocarbons or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, a lower alcohol and water.The above method is applicable to a non-crystalline phosphoric ester from which nonionic compounds cannot be removed by recystallization.The above obtained phosphoric ester salt of high purity can be used as it is or after condensation.

Abstract: A process for preparing an alkali metal salt of a phosphoric ester represented by the following general formula (III): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 means an organic group, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 denote individually a hydrogen atom or organic group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 may optionally be coupled together into a ring, and M stands for an alkali metal, which comprises reacting a monoalkali metal salt of an organophosphoric monoester, represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and M have the same meaning as defined above, with an epoxy compound represented by the following general formula (II): ##STR3## wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 have the same meaning as defined above.

Abstract: Novel ether carboxylates of the following formula (I) ##STR1## in which R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having from 4 to 32 carbon atoms, and A and B independently represent hydrogen or a --CH.sub.2 COOM group wherein M represents hydrogen, alkali metal, ammonium, alkanolammonium or lower alkylammonium, provided that A and B are not hydrogen at the same time are prepared by a simple reaction in which a monohaloacetic acid or a salt thereof is reacted with a mono and/or dialcoholate of an alkyl glyceryl ether of the general formula (II) ##STR2## in which R has the same meaning as defined above. Optionally, the resulting product may be converted into a free acid or a salt thereof.Highly pure ether carboxylates can be produced from inexpensive and readily available starting materials with high yield. The carboxylates are useful as a surfactant of low stimulus and have wide utility in the fields of cosmetics, detergents, medicines, paints and so on.